Show two canadian old timers with a seasons catch of beaver and white fox prepared by national geographic society washington service new regions being opened by new roads railroads and airplane routes canada reports an increase of nearly one fifth in population during the past decade according to a recently corn plated census there are in habitants in the dominion the story of the discovery explore alon settlement and development of canada from the days of jacques car tier 1534 samuel de champlain 1603 and henry hudson 1010 down to the advent of the railroad in the of the last century Is one of travel by sea river and lake the waterways of canada provide easy access to the heart of the continent nearly halt the area of the dominion excluding for the moment the district of franklin comprising the arctic islands Is drained by ma jestic rivers on the atlantic coast the st lawrence on hudson bay the nelson and on the arctic the mac kenzle no great natural obstacles divide these river basins and passage from one to another Is easily made by short por travel by boat or canoe throughout the northern and eastern parts of canada though slow has always been easy until the railways were built set and commerce were largely confined to the seacoast and the ter ri tories adjacent to the great rivers and lakes of the interior the age of railway expansion followed the confederation of the colonies of british north america into the dominion of canada and made possible the settle ment of the extensive farming dis tracts on the prairies of that region hitherto without access to any market V airplane being used J during the past decade a widely ex tended use of the airplane has been 1 developed iu the remoler remoter parts of the where modem facilities for travel are nonexistent and the alter natives are the canoe in summer and the dog team in winter its use by foresters tor fire patrol and timber cruising Is now well lashed while the modern surveyor with his aerial camera flying to feet above the ground produces a complete photographic record of the country for many miles on each elde of his line of flight from which can be plotted with simple traverses on the ground for control all the nat oral features of the region regular air routes between large canadian cities are in the making that phase of development must nee essa rily be slower than in europe or the united states where the alon Is denser the traffic heavier and climatic conditions less severe to V eee canada from the air today one Is dependent on the courtesy and hospitality ip pita lity of the services maintained by the dominion and provincial governments and by commercial firms the greatest percentage of increase in population shown by the census was in the province of british colum bla where there are nearly one third more inhabitants than thare were ten years ago quebec and saskatchewan by more than one fifth 1 rOt tawa montreal toronto winnipeg vancouver and hamilton are cities of more than population ottawa Is the capital of the domin n queen victoria was well advised when she named as it was then called the seat of government after confederation in few cap atals have a finer natural location the houses of parliament and surround ing government offices are built on a high bluff on the south bank of the ottawa river just below the chaudiere rivers and canal at ottawa to the north forested spurs of the laurentian mountains extend almost to the river bank while on the on tario side of the river the city is surrounded by a fine farming country since the days of champlain the ottawa river has been the main highway I 1 th sea to the west permanent settlement in the district however anly began in the first decade of nineteenth century after the war ol 01 the british government looking ia strategic route from the sea tc brejt Gre jt lakes which would avoid international waterway of the st decided on the dean canal which would alv alve waterway from mont sangston on lake ontario the canal was built by the royal engineers in the third decade of the last century and Is still in use a monument to their skill and workmanship with the opening of the canal the little settlement grew in importance and was called after colonel by commanding the royal engineers it soon became the headquarters of the thriving ottawa valley lumber indus try beautiful driveways and natural parks line the banks of ottaway Ot tawas rivers and canal and though it is essentially a city of homes many industries congregate there attracted by the cheap water power developed by chaudiere falls the original parliament buildings were burned in 1916 A magnificent gothic structure has risen on the old site crowned by a central spire victory tower feet high built to commemorate canadas part in the world war montreal the largest of the cana dian cities was desolate st lawrence river bank three hundred years ago it was first visited by jacques cartler the first settlement on the site rose in I 1 cw cities have greater natural advantages at the head of ocean navigation yet almost 1000 miles from the atlantic it Is a natural gateway for the commerce of the continent her merchants have not been slow to take advantage of the situation unlimited water power drives her indus tries wheels hext to montreal ranks toronto capital city of the province of ontario the most thickly populated province of the dominion nearly one third of the inhabitants live within Ont arios borders toronto Is a worthy capital of a great province a financial and industrial center and the seat of the largest in canada the next largest city one must jump half way across the dominion to winnipeg the distributing center of western canada and as it were the neck of the bottle where the railway lines converge although slightly more than a century old its rapid growth has taken place during the past two generations now it Is a city of fine streets well timbered parks and beautiful driveways along the As and red rivers this is a leafy city far removed from ones idea of a drab treeless prairie the noble parliament buildings of manitoba are worthy of the province growing with the great canadian west winnipeg s future Is assured some miles west Is calgary two big cities in the west vancouver with inhabitants and victoria are in the spotlight among the leading cities of the pacific coast victoria clinging to the southern end of vancouver island Is the first city of the province of british columbia it wis first settled in 1842 by the governor of the hudsons Hud sons bay company it Is perhaps the most english town outside of england its situation Is delightful and the absence of the rush and hustle of other west era cities its beautiful gardens fine buildings drives and splendid climate all lend it an atti action for those who wish to lead a quiet out of door life and escape the rigors of the sterner climate of other provinces esaul malt the naval base situated in a nearby bay Is of importance strategically and the headquarters of the royal canadian navy and imperial fleet on the pacina coast vancouver contrasts sharply with victoria it Is the metropolis of the canadian pacific coast a thriving city still in the making each year increase ing its importance A generation ago tall pines grew where it stands in 1023 its shipping trade was second onla to that of montreal with the wealth of mines timber fisheries and agriculture not only of british columbia but of the western prairies behind if it cannot be otherwise than one of the great trading ports of the world it Is the terminus of two major railway systems of canada just under the population mark Is quebec which no narrative of the dominion falls to mention no city of the world has a more romantic history thin the old french capital nestling below the cliffs of the citadel and the plains of abraham where was finally decided in 1759 the great struggle between france and england for supremacy in the western hemi sphere AteA |