Show to master volume of the radio set diverge voltage applied to plates of radio fre quency tubes i by CHARLES GOLENPAUL american mechanical laboratories biond fut signals from present day broadcasting stations together with the ue of power tubes radio fre quency amplification and high volt ngak ut the receiving end have mode it to profile some means of the loud volume when desired in fact alic ideal santo of radio nt fairs Is when there Is far more vol aim than Is ordinal lly required together with n satisfying of throttling down this volume to any desired degree from the full tone of nn down to just a faint tant serves a n pleasing but background for the dinner conversation bridge game or ehlt indeed this seems about as good a ns any to n few words regarding radio manner only too often radio ins become radio nuisance by blasting anav and ank ing most difficult or again guang to alie other extreme by being so weak as to cause conscious or of the hearing faculties to distinguish the voice or music issuing from the loud speaker after all the radio entertainment should be of sufficient volume to form ohp In terel ut tho listeners when those listeners are primarily anxious to enjoy radio or of amply subdued volume without distortion so as to form just alie desired degree of musical background or setting for conversational or other mental ties radio in the hands of the well but sadly misguided radio enthusiast has done to break up conversations friendships households anil other things than almost nav olli r force hence at tills time we plead most earnestly for safe and sand radio as just discussed ways of reducing volume now it Is one thing to cut down the loud er volume and quite nn oilier to do so without the tone quality anre correct w ays and means of reducing volume just as there are incorrect davs and means s a general the sooner the volume la reduced in the process of reception the better ohp results chuo if control Is in the adlo frequency end the results are bound to be better than if the volume control Is placed in the audio frequency end after the signals have been need lesl and where adv chanan may ciui e or serious loas of quality radio makes maps for ships on briny deep key letters to ev arv radio operator fin the seas indicating united stalls weather bul inn soon pass put of it la now possible for maps 0 o he broadcast from cashing ton to ships nt actu ind bo by a radio appa ratus on board fiali ship equipped to them work be the naval broadcast at arlington und the kittery and irenton leave tenil the new im til ii 0 o do alnie to be code into w riling and from to blank inep hiie alicle pi oteis cm now be done bi and he apud a glance lo 10 hf t Is printed on nn 8 hy 10 of nun hie b bied for actual inita on shipboard Is of the hiie size alif Is much the iune us ati n now cuned to send by dudlo m gillie Is wrapped a luss which ie olve ot forni A ray of light from with lu ites the liliu it rap hiie of lit dr wu on lie ail a photo pit fath nt irv hicl cr nf cs tin ofal 11 II 11 nd rt slight artt of totsc burps lire aul n S 10 nn PIS us an series of dols nd dasan das ln which have con fushi radio oper Hors of hiv chiv li ltd in vain to them not alint tafv afre alic ni alk but in refino anter 11 pan which the transmitted on alie thi ct of paper wrapped n the whole joli H ilone and edich ship hanx its dull ill pan 8 bi 10 of lu to ow voltage aids stability A tuned bidlo v 1 anoe stallo cheti fc 4 or 7 u if of ir bit it Is nam illig ti W W aw it la a mistaken idea yet one that has nevertheless gained very general acceptance that the simplest volume control la the receiver athla Is wrong granted that it Is the simplest since it entails no attachments and stands for nothing more than one or more tuning controls off the point of sh arrest tuning this method often introduces tro duces serious distortion for the reason that a clan Is no longer callable aal lable and some of the valuable hands or latest found components are ruthlessly chopped on also the variation of the current which Is also resorted to ns u volume control Is by no means good practice since the tube properly at he given filament temper ture or filament voltage and any re Is certain to result in hinsum alt nt electronic emission followed bv distortion which kiy or may not be noticeable in the reduced loud speaker volume the most satisfactory method bogli from the simplicity and the tonal standpoints Is to vary the plate voltage of ehfe tubes in the can of L battery operation the best po p o cedero 13 to insert a variable resist ance unit in the B plus lead goti g to the radio frequency tube or tubes or to the detector tube in the event hat there Is no radio frequency aniell regulating plate voltage in act most of the leading radio frequency receivers now on the market are employing this form of vol ume control which permits of bring ing the radio frequency end right up to maximum and volume while enst a shade below the ing point if full volume Is desired or down to a mere whisper with perfect tone quality if the other extreme Is sought the plate voltage of the detector and the audio frequency tubes may also be controlled if desired al though once the proper values are nt t lined for good tone quality the vol t zw should not be changed merely for the purpose of cutting down loud speaker volume it Is far better practice to let these values remain at their best settings and to niter the plate voltage of the radio frequency tubes ns already outlined some radio nu lea recommend a resistance unit for regulating the ehte this Is real ly unnecessary since in the first place a power tube should be employed t handle all the necessity necess iry volume without choking or distorting secondly he utmost plate voltage tho capacity of tafe tub should bi applied for host results even with reduced loud volume thirdly lie C battery should be adjusted to the necessary grid bias for whatever may be applied on the plate of the power tube fience a variable eltag ol tag s handly nee essary nor desired for the list or power tube although it earves i good purpose for the pieced ing audio tube or tubes handy parts that will save work in switches grid leaks and are arld cal bilings nt best and if alie best results lire to be from any hook up jbf must be the correct val aes ues for the occasion often it Is did cult to predict in abonce just want values these should be since the sit builder Is apt to make some last rolo ute chuigo in ills circuit or alues of alic units he uses should this be the case it Is necessary to make a quick change of grid leak or resistance unless one Is willing to spend a lot of extra time undoing much of his work to save at this point t Is well to ahme spare leaks and of different abuts on hand and to use handy teak und resistance sockets s ali it the changes can be made with the of a tube selectivity first in mind of the set buyer tone until recently conald bied the must important feature of a radio in the mind of the pros amer Is now placed second in the minds of exports eliw conrd Is the growing number of radio stations and tin nl lead aliu h etl t t on wae lengths this dois doi s not indicate that sets not having tood tone un not n brackets make strong set in a wood to lie bottom edge of i or hard rubber panel d not belv on a few alone to anke u aprong jolt lisp ID addition a pair of ilie bris br is 0 bard rubber made tally for 1 purpose and you will awve strong and rigid receder gas bubbles cause bailine Bo iline during the lust of tan chare in arkes lie solution in storage ant apri cells tarts 0 o buchli nl u little mav through tho vui bips I 1 not be bv tills us he Is muted by alit hiir alii of lurt tiK the aad la nut ti uit ui t |