| Show t i 1 I 1 They Have Havo Paid Millions Old Government t a III L Forced Labor System om The Tho and Coffeo Corte Suma r correo the tho Host Bost Tho Private Estates tr Liberian Versus Arabian Coffee Our All About Aboul Mot the e Government Plantations and ond flow They Plantations ol QI Porto Rico and l Hawaii Arc Managed What Could CO ld Bo o mono Dono Philippines Ih lh tho j j H T CRANK WANK G CARPENTER I L u t c A the ther r r coffee Islands lalande of ot 1 I write c these the e coffee notes for the great grent greatest roo t tt est coffee lo era on earth The Tilt t Irish aro famous nil an whisky drinkers the tho English l nG as tea drinkers tho the Germans aa Ill beer Loer LoerI I drinkers the French brench a as wine drinkers but the Yankees lend Ind the World na tie coffee drinkers Wo We consume almost halt of nil all tho rho coffee corree grown upon earth We annually use uso about l eight hundred million pounds or on the thel l 1 average e more than ten ton pounds a year 1 for ov ovary ry r man woman and child chilli I r amongst us Our coffee bill In 1000 was wasi i moro more than and within ten ton years we have spent pent OB ne much as nil for tor or coffee alone We Ve take the best b sl of at thu Java Jaa coffee Thi Th exporters hero tell me that the cream of ot tho the pro pru product duct of at tills thin Island stand and an Sumatra goes t I to the th United States and nd that the most of It Is le at such auch high prices that it sells only to the rich We take loko tho trio bulk of or ortho the tho coffee of Brazil and und of recent years yearn r are buying much tram from Central Amer Amero America AmerIca ica Our consumption la Is on the In Increase InI Increase crease creaso and there la in no doubt but wo we shall be upending spending from to I annually for far during I the tho reit reet of our national life t COFFEE IN COLONIES f The Tho matter la lu being studied by the I i agricultural o department In III Washing Washington I ton and within the tho next few fow years ex cx experimental coffee plantations will bo be Jo 3 established In the tho Hawaiian islands Inlands In InI It Porto Rico Samoa and the Philippines Philippine I At present the tho only producing country we have Is III Porto Rico It If grows Brow some come of the beet beat coffee cartee of the tho thet t I which Is better bolter than limn tho the i t average e product of Java but which t i r owing to the lack Inck of knowledge knowle ge as to Its excellency Is le sold Bold chiefly In Franco I 1 i I and Spain Porto Porte l orto Rico produces 3 31 11 I OO pounds of ot coffee a n year and Its rf product might be mado ten times an nil ant t r great as u It Is now j The Hawaiian Islands ate are just begin beginning beginning if ning to raise raille coffee There Thero are about I O acres re there which are arc now being i rf developed and ond the plantations are pay puy I lag fag enormously During my stay Itay In Honolulu I 1 was told that coffee coffeo raising r II i netted M 49 per cent on the tho investment If i j and affil that t the th thready e Island elan d of Df o t Hawaii i fa wail had al ni already nit i t t ready extensive estates and that more tl Were here being laid out nut r l I in me tae eo part 01 or me one pines on tho the Island leland of at Jolo Jobo I found a n aGerman I I l German named who Siad had lIld a n plan plantation i I tation tallon of trees I went over the tho I I i i property pro erty with him and found every tree treo Il flit loaded The trees are only three years ears earsl l I Old bid but they were breaking down don with I t fruit and Mr told me that ho he heIt It had already been offered fourteen n cents I f a pound for his crop I 1 have traveled I I PP I through tho the biggest coffee cortee districts of i r c 1 i Brazil Mexico and Porto Rico but I 1 have never seen such luxuriant trees ae as aei i s those hone on 01 the Inland of Jolo The plan lInn plantation I talon tation was wan cut out of at the tho forest and its his proprietor told me that it was wall raised with but little cultivation Most Moat of ot tho rho II t y Sulu Bulu archipelago Is III adapted d to coffee coffeo jJ il hI raising I saw BOW luxuriant trees Iree s at on 01 Mindanao and 1 J doubt not coffee cartee plantations would be Lc successful 1 I throughout that Island leI and us IS well as on or the tho Islands farther north Luzon was wasl II 1 t l nt at one time noted no led as aa a coffee producer u I r but the tho trees were lI by the tho t t E blight Of Ot recent years the tho scientists 11 l F have hao been experimenting to counteract 1 this disease and tho the probability Is that the tho Philippine nil Islands will some sorn dav day dayI davI I produce a largo 1010 part of at the tho pounds used by our people OLD GOVERNMENT JAVA JAV You may remember that ono one of tho beat brands of the coffee correo of ot the tho past pat was old government Java This cane cam from the coffee plantations owned t by b Holland on this Island For I or many years cars the government was the chief i coffee coffeo grower here It had of at acres of coffee corteo estates which it Il man nian managed aged by forcing the tho natives to work i t I jU Upon them In lieu of taxes These es cc 3 J tales fates yielded a n vast revenue From FromI 1 1831 to 1675 1416 75 Java turned Into the Dutch I I 1 treasury about and the lie t t I most moat of at this came from tram coffee cortee Ii G V J vv YO Th The government Is la raising a II good deal of or caffoe today but hut the business is III gradually going Into lIto tho the hander handl of vote nto During my m In Java Ja 11 I have hao vl a 11 number of at tho the cavern ment and have also ale gone one over some corns of at the tho private The e gU le m nl lands are worked on skates shares with rho native lI I the lie Dutch Dutilh netting getting the lions share When Wh n Mai thai Da nd took rook charge of ot tho the government rov many o otho or of ortho tho the native nathe princes had coffee estates t tn which they tan ran with forced labor laboi Th The Dutch Hast Bait 1 t Indian company took Its tribute In coffee rain them and ar or arranged arranged ranged with them to buy the balance of ot their crop at just about 1 I cent cont a n pound urged the th people of the iiI hll high Ii h lands all over the Island to plant cut ftc fee end ho to remitted taxes on all this ac ao account account count This policy was ns continued later inter or on orand and shortly after otter the English left Java every ever family of f certain i districts was 10 ze to keep 1009 1090 lo O coffee coffeo c trees In boar bear lear Ing tag on certain certain of at tho the village lands land and to give gle or sell of ot the crop to they Thoy rh y hall hail to Ur tl clean cleon and sort Bart the coffee pod to deliver It to the public warehouses Here they hey were w ra paid about 3 I or I 1 cents cente c a 11 pound for tor It and this this the sane same coffee cartee war s selling for tor t ra as 04 much as ns from tram 16 IG to 20 cents a I pounds at nt the tho seaports nearby U t the he same time the tha govern goern government government ment gave cave percentages to the chiefs of the tare various villages villager according to the rhe quality of Jf the coffee coffeo produced In their thai respective districts They established rules ruled of lit culture organIzed organised nurseries to 10 provide th lie Lost best of plants for tor the na natives tICS lives and In this thin way Improved the tho lav 11 a coffee plant until It was one of the best brut of at I tho the world The coffee used at that time came camo from plants Import Imported ed from Arabia Then a blight came which d destroyer almost all the plan of ot that variety and nail under which his Ih coffee Industry of oC Java wu was about ruined Just before tho the blight lava Java shipped M OC pounds of Java JaiL toffee coffee to l Today her exports alt aro I r me thing like bite pounds She Sho la is rais rala lag ing mote male of the tho Liberian coffee of which w I shall write later ON TIlE TIIE GOVERNMENT PLAN PLANTATION rATION TATION Some Somo of the best beet coffee estates I have ha 0 seen scon are on the slopes of at the tho mountains In northeastern Java I reached them hero by taking train at nt Seer ba baa a and then going on ponies about a days ride through the hills I rode rodo for tor allies along he the of the thc mountains through coffee offo plantations There Thore were of if It tiers the most of or theta them not much bigger r around thou than fishing poles covered with varnished green leaves In gone the plantations were young oung tho the bushes being shaded with banana i plants lanta and with trees treos In oth others Pre fits thi y ere loaded d with berries which men 11 and children were picking In baskets and carrying hone homo There Intro w r villages scattered hero and thorn ther through the coffee districts co of little houses of woven bamboo basket work which looked like play piny IIa houses than anything elt elee Each I village had a gate leading Into It Tho The houses were fenced with bamboo poles polcH set not crosswise There Thero was coffee coffeo drying In the sun lIun In front tron t of sonic some of or tho the houses and before Lefore others I saw Line pounding the tho hulls lulls ort oft the beans Jeans I asked as to how hew ho the government lIt managed Its It estates and was told that the villages were wore required r to plant the thc coffee corree under government supervision lon Tho The officials seo lito to that the land Is proper ly h cleared the th plants planta sot out and the th trees cultivated Until they come como Into bearing The people coPI are paid for tor this work wor After ACter this the lie trees are divided up amons the families of ot the tho village each ruch bavins havins ns RIt much h as ns It can attend to Each Earll fn ll 11 tl f 1 M n lf ft n u trees and their product The differ different ent cn of 01 H t it r l th berries carry them home and I nd dr dry them In the sun When thoroughly dried they the I ore are put ut Into wooden len mortars sad and tin the th hulls hulle are arc then winnowed and the beans benns are ara cm i led to the warehouses and told slid to the tho at 16 forms florins a iL or at 0 0 6 for pounds This li is too rh cheap ap for tor the natives to make any all thing They are not interested In iii the tho business and they will not cultivate the theW W plants plant carefully I am nm told t If the price prise was ns doubled doubled there won Id I he n IL nt deal deai more old government Java and that of at a better letter quality At present the but best Java Jaa coffee o Is rill on an os totes tatos TUB THE COFFEE WAREHOUSES Tho The government coffee war hou M Marc are arc throughout the tho coffee cottu its dis districts anti and they life ire also to be found In Inthe inthe the larger cities clUe I one oni In the town of f Po Poe wh where rl 1 stopped on my way WilY to the Bromo volcano It wn ni a building of woven bamboo walls wAil and a aroot roof root of rod red tiles with a II cement coment hoer Hoor On the lie wide porch arci In front of It w were wro re scales s f r miff wrig I g the and with withIn In piled plied up Ul like so no much oats on the thedoor floor door sync wn a 11 little mountain of ot green gron coffee toffee boom beans In the pile wore were two wood wooden en n scoop shovels tor for bagging Jagging the cot cof coffeo I feo fee nail two to men were at work preparing It for far shipment to ma rna maI I It bet t Near tho the upon tho Imo floor before a 11 table lable about a n toot font high was the tho tur tinned Javanese In lie He was the native government bo bought the tho coff coffee o and seat It to the seacoast Hb told me that the govern government anent ment Is la now paying los less than G 6 cents a n pound for Its liB coffee COrr the H same mo that no we pay our retailers 40 cent cents In the United States so 10 you ou see Bee ee the Dutch Dutrh are not doing n losing business with tho the na ha tin tives THE TIIE COFFEE S SI I was wan much Interested In the tho coffee nurseries These TheM are aro of great trat extent In places they cOVet cover the tho sides of ot tho the hills great sheds holls roofed rooted with vUth bamboo filled with thousands thou of bamboo pots each containing n a coffee corree seed or plant Some Seine of the tho plants were just lust bursting forth from the ground others were a 11 fl tw flinches inches high and some come a toot foot high The Th plants are set lIet out In tho the samo seine earth In which they hey grow In the tole th nursery nunery They ore aro put only a 1 few feet apart anti and are shaded whoa whon young At first fiut they the are oro kept kOla froc free from weeds but when whan the trees tret grow crow tho the shade from the thc coffee keeps don down n the weeds I 1 wish lIh I could rouM take lake e a n ride with you up through these coffee coffeo es estates totes tates They The are aro Interspersed with for tor toren en II and there thero are man many monkeys great t lon black fellows which Jump from branch to branch and from fron ono one tree to another You see lI e thorn squatting t at the roots of the branch s sand and creeping Mound around tho the tree trunks grinning and chattering at atoll you yon Now you will see ree ee ono mm clinging to a n limb oo feet teet above the tho ground and now catch eight of one jumping fifteen feet teet from one ono tree to another LUXURIANT TATION The Tho vegetation Is I everywhere luxuriant There are palm trees tree and banana plants There Thoro are all nil sorts lorts of winding vines vinet The Tho very ery plants seem to love one ono another the th trees twist themselves th about tour their follows fellows and nM grow up to together together together gether Fen Even the dead doad brooches branches are nr covered with green they are art clothed cloth with orchid and moss Inos tine th green and lowers flowers of the he air terming forming a 1 winding sheet hoet oVe over or the lend dead There are orchids everywhere am and such or orchids tiers Hero one has wound itself around a branch bronchi like a n necklace there theN one ens lilt squats counts like a monkey at the root I of n A limb and farther over are aro great I masses mR of or green out of which come of many hues hUA Tho The poll roll tf br Java Is oco rich The land 1011 Is la ono one of ot volcanoes but Its Ih volcanoes spout forth mud Instead of at stones don eA and this mud mUll Is of n chocolate brown which when dry becomes a afine afine fine dust many feet thick In Tn the thi cot cof tee fee districts It has bins a It tinge nod and h Is probably Impregnated with lIh Iron The Ih best beet coffee cortee regions nr are from 2000 to Hoo 4 feet above the tho son sen and some me of ot the tho very ery best are In the 01 or mountainous provinces of western Java S1 JAVA JAY A COFFEE IS FROM SUMATRA In conversation with some tome of ot the chief ohle American coffee exporters at Batavia I was told that the very best Java I coffee cottee of or today tad BY comes comell from Sumatra It IA Is from tho the district of and Is la of the tho Arabian variety arlot It brings brinKs a I higher price In Batavia than limn the best Java In sold laId In our ordinary stores brings I at In New so 80 that what who In is I told sold as pure Java tor for from IK is to ta J 4 JR R rants nU a B pound In our tores ores h la In ht nil all al probability nut not Java at lit nil The Tho heel Java and tho the Sumatra lava Java cut cost the tit In Now York irk at least 30 3 D cents cent n a 1 pound The exporters here tell tel pie that moro Java JO coffee corree Is II consumed consume In the tho United States alone than It I t raised In all the Dutch East Ka t Indies and an anthis thin this notwithstanding n A It great deal of or o othe the product guns goes to 10 Europe I was wai toll told during my stay In Brazil that the most mod of oC the Ih Ihl |
