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Show PROTECT YOUR MOTOR ih CAR FROM THE COLD m m r - i - - I, - .t "Precautions Will Secure Efficiency and Economy " in Your Winter Driving. By F. H. Sweet " In Motor Life- rpHK care to In Kiven the auto-J auto-J I mobile during the winter months T I . deend entirely on the amount I of use one expects to net out of the car If the automobile is to be ') used on char day only tn"!"' frc" Tm tlons of the country whre theie i a V reasonably heavy snowfall, and where the temperature 1 likely 'In be below . frees.na, it is desirable to kc p the jir r . in a heated Karate, though thl le not eseent.nl. If the car Is t be kept In t constant nee. tho mobtriat who at-ire j . his car will find It of considerable ad-I ad-I antae to Install simple i TTeat"er"Ttherwlse it will he dlTf mil I to start the car if the weather is cold. I especially with the low gnidea of he now provided as fii' , If the car U to be kept In service. . ierhaps tha most Important thing to do Is to use some aiitifreeimg nun-1oiind nun-1oiind In the radiator to prevent the; ftarta of the cooling iVi'm from frees. -. In. A frozen cooling atem usually results In cracked cylinders or water jackets, burst radiators or sheared pump drives. While there Is some difference of opinion regarding the, best antlfreeilna solution, there are a number of good patented preparations , on the market. Motorists who do not T Midutlon should USA one of these conipouiuis U fore V considering the various possible ma-teCala ma-teCala that ran be added to water to lower Ita freeaing point, let us consider what one expects of an efficient antl-freeaing antl-freeaing compound The substance used should have no Injurious effect on any p..rt of the pooling ay stem, which nieaus that It should not have any chemical action On metal nor a rotting action on rubber rub-ber hose, it should ba readily dissolved dis-solved or combined with watr. inexpensive, inex-pensive, and. If possible, not subject to waste by evaporation. It Is important that It ba some material which will not deposit foreign matter In the radiator passages. The boiling point should not be lower than that of water, to prevent boiling away of the antifreexing portion por-tion of the solution at comparatively iuw temperature. iwnatured alcohol Is a good sntl frAxinv arnt that niav he used In Ing cocks, a small hand oil can may ba filled with a gasoline and ether mix-lure mix-lure the proportions being about half and half and kept tightly corked to prevent evaporation of the volatile II-U II-U u id s. m a cold morn ing. w hen t he motor Is bard to start, a little of this j liquid may be Injected into the cylinders cylin-ders through the priming cock, or by removing the spark plugs If relief cocks are not provided, and the motor will be started without difficulty. Him-i Him-i pie primers may be obtained, which j consist of a small pump connected to the gasoline tank ' and supplying fuel , to a spraying nozzle located in the intake in-take pipe mo that a rich mixture may he secured for starting even if the arv aa.H. Another priming device consists of a small ran placed on the dashboard and connected to the intake manifold with a fine copper lube. A needle valve Is provided, which mav be opened to allow al-low the priming lluuid. in this esse ether, which evaporates very rapidly, to go Into the manifold and form a gas, on which the engine can he started. 1 An old stocking filled with sand may! bo heated in a stove oven and wound ; around the induction manifold and the I carburetor to Impart het to these I memlters and facilitate evaporation of the mixture. One should never use a naked flame In wirnini? up a manifold, g ttTtw prnrrtrs nmv reiim vi netting 1 a car on fire. There is, however, no danger If the hot Handbag Is used for heat. During cold weather. If a car la kept In a cold garage and an antlfreeslng mixtura is not used. It is good practice prac-tice tit fill the cooling system with boiling water before trying to start. I vet the enatne run slowly for at least five minutee before trying to run the car In cold water. This heats up the parts and insures that the engine lubrication lu-brication system will function properly. Never ntMit right pff with in engine that has just been started and which ia still cold. The engine will operate mote smooihly If s Mowed to warm up by running idle before It la called upon to deliver any power. As the main trouble In running the car in winter is usually overcoming, many motorists disconnect the fan belt in order that the air draft through connH'tln with the water In the cooling cool-ing ayatifn. hut It (a tio expenaive tot yae hy the average rnotortat. In oritur tn elimlnata thta dlaadvnn-lag' dlaadvnn-lag' of thf atralght alcohol-water ao-lutlon. ao-lutlon. vurloua mlxturea f alcohol, glcerln antl water have heen tried and ffoifd reaulta ohtainwt. The addition of Klyrerln to a water-aU-ohol aohitlon h aena evaporation to anme extent and fh glycerin content in auch a aolutloii will remain iiractlrally ennatant, not fw-intf auhject to evaporation. Water and alcohol munt he eupnlied If the prKutlnn bolls awav to anv extent. The proportlona recommended ara a aolu-Mnn aolu-Mnn of half glycerin and ha If j aeratur of auch aolutlona dependa unn the proportion of glycerin and alcohol to the water, aa followa: ater, 85 per cent: alcohol and glycerin, gly-cerin, 16 per cent; freese at 8 de-grea de-grea K. Water, 70 per cent; alcohol and glycerin, gly-cerin, 80 per cent; free at t degrees below aero. Water, -0 percent; alcohol-and glycerin. gly-cerin. 40 per cent; freese at 21 degrees below sero. In a summary of the matter, probably prob-ably the beat atep, after all, la the purchase pur-chase of one of the standard a nil freeaing freea-ing products. There has been much diecuaalon as to the merits of thes package goods, but there Is no objec- ' lion to their uae In the radiator, provided pro-vided the user follows direction Even In a radiator In which alcohol has been placed to prevent freeaing. lark of Attention to replacement of the al-eohok al-eohok which evaporates .more readily ... than waterwill cauaa trouble. It U go with any antifreeae agent. If the owner of a car seeks to eliminate freeaing freea-ing danger he must be prepared to give tttta matter mora than passing attention. atten-tion. Wbea proper cars has been taken of tte cooling system to prevent freeaing, the next Important point to obeerve Is the lubrication of the motor and power tranamleaion part a. Tha grade of oil to- be used depends entirely on the oil system provided tn tha engine. As a gMpfral rule It Is customary to uae a lighter grade of oil In the winter than that utilised during warmer weather. The gearbox and differential gear should be filled with a heavy bodied steam cylinder oil Instead of the heavier heav-ier greases normally employed. The ordinary grade of gearlxtx greaae will harden up enough In cold weather ao the gears will merely cut tracks in the greaae as they revolve, and as there v will ba no lubricant to cushion the gear teeth, thla kick of lubrication will cauae conaUlerahle nolae and wear. Case have been known where a gearbox gear-box greaae ha solidified to auch an extent that It waa difficult to shift the geara. The same thing applies to differential dif-ferential and driving gears In the rear . tne radiator will not cool the water to auch a point that the engine will not run efficiently. Varlnua forma of felt lined leather ahlela are provided with which the radiator may be covered to retain heat, and In some of theae a curtHln la included, which may be ' rolled part way up to expoae a portion of the radiator to the cooling draft ISome cam of modern dealgn are provided pro-vided with abutters at the front of the radiator, which may be opened by a rod extending to the seat and which may be partially closed to obstruct the air flow through the paaeages and prevent too rapid cooling of the water. The storage battery demands careful . Inspection and requent eharging dur--Ing the winter, if the car is not In aervice, to keep It In good condition. If the car Is In service and a self starter is used, care should be taken not to make erelve demands upon the battery, hecauae Ita efficiency la greatly reduced by cold weather. There ia no danger that a properly charged j storage battery will freese, even at the extreme temperature met with In the Northern atatea and In such portions of Canada where weather conditions permit motoring In winter. lfthe storage battery la not properly charged the electrolytic wilt freese and the battery wrll be ruined. (Jive the battery of a car that Is only occasionally occasion-ally used a freshening charge from an outside source periodically, as It is possible that more current may be taken out of It than put Into It by the car generator. If a car Is "laid up" It Is not necessary to take the battery out of tha car to keep it In good condition. If tha engine la run about an huur or two a week at a speed corresponding to a road speed of eighteen or twenty miles per hour, enough electricity will be supplied the battery to keep it well charged, provided that It is fully charged when laid up. It Is well in laying up a car to Jack It up so that the tires will be relieved of the car weight, and to release part of ths air pressure, keeping only enough air In them to round them out welt. Then cover the entire car with a special paper or cloth cover to exclude ex-clude light and dust. If tha car Is stored In an extremely cold place, It la advisable to remove the tires and tubes from the rims and tp store these In a dark place having a moderate temperature. Kxtreme cold may cauae the rubber to crack If the Urea are not In uae. Among the Important Items of I equipment for winter motoring are i nonskld chains, snd these should be j used whenever the ruada are slippery or Icy. Care must be taken that the) j chains are properly adjusted, which ! means that they must be looae enough to creep around the tire and yet not be ao ItKiae aa to hit the mud guards or idea of th hodv aa the wheel revolve. . axle. iHirlng cold weather one naturally rxpecta a certain amount of difficulty in atartlng a car. If the engine ia pro-viewed pro-viewed wit h romprewlnn reiir-f or prim- The croes links of tire chains demand frequent Inspection and epare croaa rhalna and a pair of chain repair ptlera should alwaya be Included In the tool equipment. As soon as a cross chain breaks a new one should be put on In Its place While antiskid rhalna are ordinarily fitted to the rear whecla only, they can be used to advantage on all four wheel a of the car In bad weather. Tires require frequent inepectlen In winter time, aa they are likely to be cut bv the hard, frosen rutty road. If water la allowed to get Into the cuts' the fabric will rot. which rauaea blowouts blow-outs much more quickly In winter than In aummer. It see ma almost unnecessary to caution cau-tion fie car oterator to drive carefully when there ta snow on the ground and when t ruction is not good. The brakea. which are very effective In dry weather, cannot be depnrtded upon and are not ae efficient when traction Is poor. The wheel may be locked by the brake, but the car will continue to elide along on the Ice or enow, and safety demands careful driving. |