Show OUR FARMER STATESMAN I A Chat With J Sterling Morton on the Farms and Fnrmora I of tho United Stnto3 I = I llm ttt Anv Seeienry of flfrhiilture Look anti 7alit ffe fear Yiltow Mitt and a liamend King and Hat Cleave In lilt Ijntl Tht Iannrn He UnlMStatet Jmiferout AW l > or lliamt the lltst Manure far laThe la-The Kext Great migration to lit to New Kngland TIll SooT and lit tjindt lffftv Untlt Sun Money Hat lInn Halted and Aw Mtrltn float Akclnh Con retlonai itedi Our Hagt in runfit and Il w Our Corn it to Take tlit I1 tt of Unfit in Itt f it lag of German liter the Seerejr Taltt UrnHiiiulf Hoto lit If atrducaledTlieShryof 1it Wtddlng I Journey Hit lAt for Hit Departed II I ft and Something loot 1 Hit CrandiMldi erwiat reeeo etrsee N rAt Yaws I WASHINGTON D C July 31893 One ol the most Interesting characIn charac-In President Clevelands cabinet Is the Hon Julius Stetting Morton oho new secretary ol agriculture He has come to Washington with n brain well harp coed by Its contract with the business ol the west Ito I brines new light Into the agricultural department and he promises prom-ises to turn tome ol Uncle Jerry husks Institutions upside down I spent an evening this week with Mm In his bachelor quarters nt the Cochran hotel lie Is you know n widower and he lives very quietly though ho Is not averse to society and Is one ol the most companionable of men Lit me tell you how ho look Gov Morton Is I about five feet seven Inches high and he weighs just about jo pounds Ills shoulders are broad and his limbs are clean cut He does not look to be more than Tidy years of age but he Is over sixty and Is still In his prime He has a light complexion light gray hair and a gray mustache with the hallow of a gray goatee shining out from under It He has a high forehead a strong nose and pleasant mouth He dresses moro like n New York club man than the typical firmer statesman and he would not be out of place In any crowd of gentlemen In New York or Chicago When I called upon him he was dressed In a wellcut business suit oh light gray and a pair of fashlonible yellow shoes t shone out below his well creased pantaloons panta-loons A diamond as large as the endi of my thumb sparkled In a ring on one of the fingers of his left hand and n aJ eII II costly scarf pin had n place I In his neck tic The contrast between him and Uncle Jerry Rusk whom I saw Just before be-fore he left Washington was striking and as I sad Good day I thought life I I appmrance gave the lie 10 the Ilatmcnt that there Is no money In farming inn Nebraska In-n and I asked Mr Secrctiry Is It true that the farmers are ruined In the west and the slays of money making for them have tone forever TilE FVRMBR9 rtiosrnRous AND NUT IOOM think I not replied the secretary of agriculture with smile Of all classes In the United Stiles todiy It seems tome to-me that the farmers have the best outlook out-look They are not hilf so badly off as they i hive liecn painted I and tinny of them arc snaking money Of course there are lillurcs but of all the businesses busi-nesses of the 1 United t 1 States firming I Is the lent liable to fall and there are moro successes In It than In almost nny other business Take the dry goods business 97 per cent of the men who KO Into It become bankrupt and the proportion of failures In all mercantile pursuits I Is very large As to firming I know hundreds ol Instances of nucccm right around me In Nebraska One of my neighbors come out west with only seventy five cents He bought his land on time and he now owns 1800 acres He Is the president I of a oI bank aunt Is rich and all of his I possessions came out of the soil Around him you wilt find many poor farmers They came to the same place with more money and better Kroipccts but they were shlltlcas They have not stuck to their work They have left their farms to tell patent rights and have been Inveigled lob scheme to mike money fast without work No business cm succeed without t thrill energy and brains 1urc muscle I will I not make a good firmer or a good firm The land has got to be manured with tho brains of the owner In order to make It piy l The avenge firmer Is better off now thin he hai ever been and 11 I believe he will continue to Improve I OUR FUTUKK rABOtt Wiry do you think so I asked It Is the only logical conclusion was thin reply The government lands are nearly all taken up I Moycnly farm Ing Is wearing out some of the best farms of the country and the limit I ol cultivable lands has been nearly I reached reach-ed We double our population every twenty five yean In n quarter of a century we wilt have I jo ooo ooo to feed Instead f G 5 ooo ooo and their i food rell all to come from the roll of the firmer The result Is I that lands must rise and farm products will Increase In price The law I ul supply mid demand makes ll certain that larm property will be the most valuable of all properly In the dJI Obl lr r C7D and the fanners will be the nabobs MONKV IN NBW KNOLAND Nails Ulll we have large films or small lIln oh lj farms In time future Mr Secretary I asked think I the tendency Is toward maul farms Our firms will be more hike those of 1 rauce The land will bu better bet-ter tilled and the deserted trios will be brought up Fake the abandoned farms of New Pnglind 1 believe that the next great ctnluntlnn of ollr farmers will be to the New nglind I i states lam has dropped down in certain parts of these states so that you can buy tracts which were once cultivated for from fie to s > ven dollars per acre These lands hive been abandoned by their ouncls going tothewest they have lain Idle for yours and nature has been rcferllllilnK them The > are nnw m covered with undergrowth and they will I have to bo cleared again Hut well farmed eycl will produce profitably and within i the past levy years capUil Isis and others have I been buying tnem I know a number of rich men who have large tracts In New I nit land Austin Corbln recently bought 3 ua icre and Morison the famous 1 bridge builder his Just purchased n large met Yes concluded the secretary emphatically I look far thin resurrection of New nglmd I and It will again blossom as the rose NO DEAD LAND I 1l low J about the lands of the south I suppose miry of them have been killed bil lied de farming I YhlII No they are not killed replied rlk CI fertllln Secretary Mutton and proper fertilization fertiliza-tion and work will again bring them Into In-to heating Speaking about killing the coil makes me think of an old MissourIan Missour-Ian who came up Into 1 Nebraska to buy hra rJr to rl I some land lie looked about with doubting eyes on the diflercnt hems uf my neighborhood until some of the agents wondered whether he knew anything any-thing about land and they asked 1 him whether he had ever firmed lie replied re-plied Yes I hcv aggravated the soil her nigh onto thirty years This is the trouble with the south the soil his been badl aggravated though It has not been killed Do you think the south wi I vcr equal the north as an agrlm iuril country I doubt It was the reply Climatic Clima-tic Influences are such that the people of the south will not work like wo do In the north They cm get along with less I work and they will oal lu nltl Immigration Immi-gration wont change this and the Yankees who go down there lose their grit In five ears and areas slow as their oouthem neighbors Climate has a u great deal to do with the making of men and beasts Sometmus I think It has rvcr > thing to do Take the cuttle of Texas I waft Joan there not lungs lung-s 0 and I saw those I great Uxnnsteers fio skin bone mid horns They art so gaunt tint you can scrape their bones tnl put all the cWi Into their I horns I As I looked at them I asked the people why they did not raise Uiitlnm cattle They replied that they hid tried the experiment but that the old cattle nuickly diet and that their offspring grew to be like the others In a j tar or so SECKITAKV UOKTONH IIKHD HOOK liy the way Mr Secretory where does jour family come from You me Scotch are you not 1 come of Scotch English ancestry was the i reply I I tens just looking over my herd look at tin Upattmcnt today I menu my geuealuMcil I t r record It makes my family l nngrj lu have me call it my herd book ttill I found that nun of mv anccntors sold I Hit M v llouer to tho reruns and he came over himself on the nest ship The family drilled from New Inguiiid to New Yok and l my father went from New York 10 Michigan and settled In Detroit HID COLLKUK > A va Secietiry Morton Is a educated man lie talks fluently using the bent of Lnglhh and my chat with him showed 1 mo tint I his studies had covered a wide range During it I asked him where he had gone to school and he replied j time first part of my eduntlon was acquired at the Michigan University at Ann I Arbor I was there two years and then lift on account ol the action of the college as to fritcrnltles Dm faculty decided to wipe out the Crick teller societies and in wiping thin < out they wiped me out I was a m mber of the Chi Isl fraternity the one to which Turn Palmer the ex United States Senator and r minister re to Spain MeUlllo I W Fuller the chief Justice ol the Supreme Court and Don Dickinson belonged We were all I boys togetlur but II Palmer hid at this time 1 left college and taken t 1IflII 1dIlIl IJ a trip to Spain After leaving Ann Arbor I went to Union College at Schenectady N Y which wai then presided over by lr hphalu I Not and finished my education there IIIS WKUDINO Jon rNLV How old were you when you went went 1 was Just about twentytwo was the reply I went Weston m > eddlng tour and the trip to Nebraska nt that time was a far greater undertaking thin it Is now We went by rail from Chicago to Alton on the MItlppl l river There was no such a thing ns a sleeper at that time and we had to sit up all the way From 1 Alton we went by steamer to St Louis and from St Louis 1 up the Miswurl to iit m Joseph by l steamboat Here we gotu stige and rode on to Council lllufh f Went trip took afoot eight days and nights and It was full of hardships It 1 could be made now In about a day a We sealed fill at Dellevue and the next spring we moved tn Wrbuska City where we took up the quarter section on which I now live I have added a little to it but it Is the same ground that 1 got from the government t ilrly eliht years ago We began life In a log cabin I and my boy by the way has just had a picture of HIM cabin made In connection with sonia others on a sheet advertising 1 his cereal and starch manufactory i Under the cabin he has put WId words I 1 the I house In which the president of the company began business As looked I nlill asked him what business he had carried on in the cabin and he replied I suppose you might call it n milking business urcRKTMtv MORTONS ROM AM g I doubt whither there It I a man in the country who loved his wife better than did Secretary Morton and there are few husbands who have been more devoted to their memory I heard something of the story while I was in Nebraska this summer Gov Morton was engied to his tsifu when she win fourteen She was married him at the age of twenty t one and their married life was one long honeymoon of tutnly seven yiars She I bore lutm J four boys and when she died these four sons formed ilU il pallbeirers who carried her to the boil During my talk with Secretary Morion 1 I spoke of his I wife and asked him If he had ik a picture of her He l took a locket from his II left breast i pocket l and handed It tome to-me On the hack of it was the face of amen a-men Irnlly woman and as 1 looked at It the Secretary 1tl me that It was the picture of his wife and he feelingly retired re-tired tn her influence over his Ida and her character He handed me a memoir I which was published at the time ha of her death I and I he I told me that this 1 locket had never been out of his hands since that time She was Indeed the best hilf of the Secretarys soul and his life since she died has been wrapped up In his children and grandchildren 1 ho four Morton boys me alt married and tho Secretary has a number of grandchildren On thanksgiving of 1890 the Seeletl held sort of Motion reunion nt his home and phulogrishs were taken of the little Muttons all shapes and In all I soils of groups A bonV hiss been made of r these pictures and the dignified Secretary appears In many of them In some pictures the children 1 hive I their heads mnnmented with leaves and fcatlien and one of the pictures represents a wrestling match In L In which I 1 one of the I uiitlcipants looks strikingly like Sfuelaty Morton Anolherreprosents 1Vlrt Morton a lusty laughing baby with Its finger In Us mouth and subscription states that the Infant Is I aged six month I noted at the first ol this book that It bore the book plate of the Secretary of Agricul lute It consists of n tree and n scroll under it in which ate printed the words Plant trees lIelow this Is the inscription Atbor Lodge I and Secretary Secre-tary Motkm mine which he parts in the middle and prints uJ Sunning Morton As I looked at this the conversation turned I to YJI lanlin i 1 of trees and the nr la Secretary told me lint M 000000000 trees have been planted hi Nebraska since he Inaugurated the Institution of Arbor day there In 1875 HOW UKCLltSAUj MONEY IS WA1TRU The conversation here turned to the department of agriculture and I asked the secretary whether he was making any changes in the methods of running It He replied I am making n great many and I am trying to bring the department down to sl rClls n practical business basis I believe I In spending money where it should be spent but I don believe in wasting it I have already found a number of big leaks which 1 am slopping One is In these experimental ll statl0ns which I have I been established by the department over the cnuntrv Win found one at Garden City Iran Whr I business of which was to evolve n grass which f would grow on the arid plains of the Ucst Twenty two Thousand dollars have been spent on it In five ye irs and a Professor Vcasy Is In Ing there to f rot 1 produce n sort of grass w nlcn w ill r grow without I main I water or soila sort ol grass orchard I presume Prom what Inquiries made 1 I found that this Iro I lessor Veasy hid n home address at Denver Colorado and he scented in be only lieinl from at the times when his salary was due I have stopped the appropriation and I suppose he I wilt I now materldlie In some shape or other I OTIIRK IAT joits Kansas always gets Us share of the appropriations continued I Secretary Morton In I looking over the slate rI I find hot Plumb ami In jails have patched it aNI over with I just such jobs but similar I things exist m other states loo 1101 1 a request the oilier day fort for-t so for a United States Hag which was 10 he put up over n sugar I heel firm at JkI I N lh fhe Schuyler coululnt Schuyler Neb I I couldnt I sec the rca son for the approprlitlon and I Invest galtol the station I 1 found it was cost rn JdlI hog us over fs ouo n year and that I all we could get out ol it was some beet seed wlmh the regular sugar beet factories would send to us If we would only pay the freight I We pay on those expel I l mental stations t t about 460000 a ve rand r-and ra I think the moot of tliim should be abolished My Idea Is that experimenting experiment-ing should be done through the agrlcul luril experiment ktallons of the states There are furty four of these scattered nil over the Union They get an appropriation appro-priation from Congress of fyoao n year This goes directly 1 to them andover and-over It w i hove no control I think that the seeds could be distributed I through = i U lu these ex > erimciit stations and not by the Congressmen It costs fijjooun year to send out heeds from here IlInl I going to recommend Congress abollth this part j of our business As the seeds arc now sent out they do not reach the turtles prey should nor do the proper kind of seeds get to the proper l localities TilE OKFAT AMKRIIAN 1100 What are you going to do as lathe meat Inspection Mr Secretary I asked I am going tn abolish a good put ot tit t-It was the reply raf eat exports to Germany last year amounted only f loaoooo and I Timid tint I the Germans IIII Uta mnspectrd f all the nasal that came al In We sent f 4000000 worth to England where thcruwas no Inspccliui The Inspection costs n toast deal more than It comes to and In eleven months It has footed up I a total of about Jjooooo Why during that lime we paid out I looo to inspect the meat at the Indian polls abattoirs and how Inurn meat do you think inn exported from here Just 33150 For every dollars worth ol pork ont to Germany from Indianapolis i we paid I more than < ro for Inspection It Isnt good business r CORN Burn VERSUS CORN BREAD How about American corn In Europe ronlo Cornnieil Murphy going to t revolutloniie the continent I think not though he Is still In Europe 1 More of our corn should bet 1 used III Europe but I bellevo that we can create n greater nnrket for II by getting l en Germans to use It rl In lime making ol beer rather than In the making mak-ing of L read Most uf the beer ell In the United States Is made largely of corn The Milwaukee brewers will tell I you they dont use it but l they use glucose which Is the same thing and the great cst per cent of our leer comes from corn Milwaukee turns out a hundred If I I car lode of beer every diy the year round and our brewers have a great In i I lluence on the prices of corn The Gtr mans ue vast quantities of beer llavarU atone turns out 9000 ooo barrels a year and the other German provinces I have vast brewing establishments In oil I of their large rules Corn makes n very BiKxl beer hlllhink I we can gradually get them to linnK It 1 have selected a bright lil educited brewer Iec goto Germany to look Into the matter Ho Is I now stiidylnxat the llreuer s College in Chicago I uml < s getting t the scientific know ledge which I II added to his Irma llcal knowledge will make him a strongman strong-man for the place Ills mine Is I John Malice and he Is I the head of a brewing company J In my city At this college 11 Chicago they hive some of the nest chemists In the country and they graduated last year fortylive brewer hey 1 hive good laboratories and v Most I of rof = rboTI mike hire r barrels ol beer a day and their experiments experi-ments are as carefully made and as exhaustive as those r any college hi the country PRANK G CARPENTER |