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Show ; W ii Ll llU UV7U LS ' UuliUUWULi r- . (.-v,. . " ' - - ... . ' - - '",'"-.: : ' ... . r 1 .n tv. . - - . tijx .-vV . i - " ... j. ..... , ' ...... Members of the advance crews of Utah National Guardsmen, 116th Engineers Company (Light Equipment), Equip-ment), take a breather and get their picture taken as they begin unloading equipment which arrived from Fort Lewis, Washington, to the depot in Provo on Friday. I ' ' X 1 t , 5 vn N ' V ' s ' " - ! V - " - ' : ":"ift;ftftft:ft ' - ; - i i . - ' - - V - x - - - ' - - : . ; ; s - - . v, 4 - i - - 'j r - . - -v - ft'-? 1 ' " ' " i r - s v ' ' s ! '" " -"'' 1 ' ; - i'- 'w ' ' ft : ft' Vft'' ' vw. ' I ft . ' ' " , . ' - , -ft' , ' K" - j ! . ' , , ''''' ''V j ft : '' ' ft ''' " , ' Jk ' I 1 ' . - - '-'vft;;ft' ; -ftftf ' ': 1 i ,. v - . ft r : : ': A , ! - ! - f, i , J How the Guard reduces taxes These troubled times require . that we maintain forces at a high degree of readiness. This costs money. Our defense budget bud-get now stands at a record peace-time high so it is fairly fair-ly obvious that every avenue of savings is an important one. High as it is, the budget , for Defense would have to be a lot higher were it not for an effective National Guard system. sys-tem. This system provides troop units available for a rapid ra-pid build-up of both the Army and the Air Force, thereby modifying to a considerable extent what would otherwise be the need to support a huge, full-time active-duty military . establishment. It has been estimated that the cost of mainaining a Guardsman including his weekly drill pay, his uniforms and his equipmen is approximately approx-imately one-sixth that of his ' active-duty counterpart. There is litle cost involved in maintaining a Guardsman at a high degree of readiness, in relation to his contribution to our military power. The immediate im-mediate result of this is more trained manpower in readiness for fewer tax dollars. Or, put another way, this provides for more that may be diverted to other defense requirements, such as added research and development, de-velopment, without cutting into in-to manpower on call for any possible emergency. With reference to the role the National Guard was called upon to play in the "limited mobilization" of 1961 when President John F. Kennedy called for a quick build-up of conventional warfare forces, a leadinf U. S. Military writer stated it was regarded by the Army as an "impressive performance" per-formance" oh the part of National Na-tional Guardsmen and other reserves. A JOB WELL DONE . EDITORIAL This month, National Guard units from all over the nation ri be returning to their home communities following ten months of active duty. We believe they deserve a hearty "well done" from all of us. They were called, in the words of President Kennedy, "to prevai: a war, not to fight a war." The fact that Premier Khrushchev's "deadline" "dead-line" over Berlin came and went without a major incident is testimony not only to our overall military strength, but, to the effectiveness I these Guardsmen as well. In fact, Chancellor Adenauer has said that in his opinion, the prime factor influencing the Soviet slowdown oa Berlin was the swift, decisive buildup of American forces. It is difficult to recapture the emotions and tensions of last fat when the threat of war was a desperate reality. It seems clear, how- ever, that we were confronted with the gravest crisis since Korea. It is also difficult to put ourselves in the shoes of the 66,000 Am; and Air Guardsmen who were suddenly called ; all of them experience; some form of personal hardship, and for many of them it was k second or third callup since 1940. Some had to sell their cars an: homes or businesses. Some had to leave their families behind. Son had to drop out of school. There are no small sacrifices when you ar involved in them. . There were some complaints, to be sure. But they came from -small, vocal minority and in no way reflect on the Guard as a wk: The fact is that the Army National Guard units which were mobifc brought 98.3 percent of their assigned strength on active duty and v Air National Guard, 99 percent. In each case, this represented sharp increase over the Korean mobilization. Thus the vast major, of Guardsmen neither asked to be released nor complained after tl were called up. For ten months these Guardsmen provided essential strength -being for both the Army and Air Force. Now, even if the crisis ha? entirely disappeared, the active forces have had' time to build to nu realistic levels and 'the immediate need for the Guardsmen is past-Arid past-Arid so they are returning home. They have served America well and we salute them. He is a soldier, and he knows his job well. He is a airman j who has flown many a mission. Last year at this time he I was a machinist, a mechanic, an accountant, lawyer. But his country called, and he answered. He left home, family, job willingly because someplace far off a wall was built that threatened freedom. He is no stranger to this task. i He has been answering such calls since 13 British colonies declared themselves a new nation. For he is the citizen-soldier citizen-soldier of the National Guard standing ready to meet a Berlin crisis headon on daily alert, aiding in the defense of our country and ready as ever to help in the event of civil disaster. His sacrifice is one we cannot do without. t I n tp n (n) rn a n frnnARFTi (Ai U UUUuvJfcAL la LUJ h mil) ' National Guard's Mobilization ed 'Most Successful' in History - - is , . , 4 - , t v I J . - I "i; : -; '' i?-!-V'l ' T'.:.-- .... .L if I i HIT THE BEACH! Jeeps and tanks of the mobilized 150th Armored Cavalry Regiment of the West Virginia National Guard roar down the ramp of a landing craft at Ft. Miles on the Delaware coast. The swiftness with which the 150th became combat-ready last winter earned it a place in the Army's elite Strategic Army Corps (STRAC). Guard retains grass-roofs' identity here Organized to represent the most powerful reserve forces that have ever been available to U. S. military planners, today's to-day's National Guard still retains re-tains its "grass roots" identity. Army and Air National Guard 1 units are situated in 2,600 U. . S. communities. Every Guard unit has its primary concern a combat or a combat support mission. Most of the National Guard is in "training" status. All training train-ing today is at the unit level, which means that Guard units can concentrate on advance development de-velopment of teamwork. This has been mad'e posible largely by the fact that all new members mem-bers of the Guard must complete com-plete six months of training in the Acive Army. This has en- abled the Guard to get out of the basic training business. Uart of the Guard is "operational" "oper-ational" at all times, filling a vital role in the Air Defense program. Both Army and Air Guardsmen are in this important import-ant mission across the nation. On the Army side, the Guard maintains a large number of fully operational NIKE air defense de-fense missile sites,, guarding key industrial complexes and population centers from coast to coast, including Hawaii. Soon these Guardsmen, who have been equipped with ther NIKE-AJTX, will, be re-equipped with the newer and more ' deadly NIKE-HERCULES. The conversion program is already in progress. Guardsmen are at these NIKE sites around the clock, ready to open fire should an enemy air attack ever materialize. ma-terialize. ' Air Glard fighter -, squadrons assigned to the Air Defense Command fulfill a similar vital mission. Designated squadrons on "runway alert" can put jet interceptors into the skies on short order. Practice alerts keep flight and ground crews on their toes. Dispersed from coast to I coast, from Hawaii to Pureto Rico and from Alaska to the Rio Grande, the National Guard is also a vital element in America's Am-erica's ability to make rapid recovery from nuclear attack should an aggressor strike. I. '"' . Ilij,' 22i 'i,T " ' Vtfh . ' " t - i w'X- ?. I I' "' " !: , ; ., 'V- -1 v a TON Now thaf x 4of the "Berlin l is coming to an i the active serv-1 serv-1 time to increase r power and the id for the reserve sr many people "How effective National Guards-srvists, Guards-srvists, anyway? it take them to combat-ready?" ! from one high irce: "This was cessful mobiliza-j mobiliza-j history of the s." Thus states ral Donald W. aief of the Na-Bureau. Na-Bureau. Gowan is a man know. He has ime in the Na- and has been ;e mobilizations accomplishments tig an armored lent through the "asion, command-combat command-combat division, entire 470,000-tid 470,000-tid Air National h the most cru-tful cru-tful years of its 7 well the Guard W mobilization," u.fowan said re-I re-I ;iave only to look of the two divi-e divi-e called to active d Infantry Divi-lsin Divi-lsin and the 49 th Eision of Texas." e facts that bear IcGowan's claim. 15, both the 32nd were among six rd divisions se-lew se-lew high-priority en. Maxwell D. Cve Army Chief of il Taylor called ter. by-Six" plan be- juired these six be combat-ready 5nths after they Svflrid. All but for-i for-i general public, M'gnificant now by . that it offers to Ntf the past ten ' of taking six effil. 32nd and 49th completely com-Stiii com-Stiii four months ' . iluded the two HI E them to get ta weeks to leave ti time. If the "ra. had required It si have made it . hs. ens sol: ' ' Two views of the equipment used by the 116th Engineers Engin-eers Company (Light Equipment) during their sojurn at Fort Lewis, Wash., gives . an idea of the job con fronting the guardsmen in the advance crews assigned to unload and get the road equipment to the Armory. It was a grueling experience, experi-ence, not soon to be forgotten by the members of these units. At Fort Polk, Louisiana, the 49th Armored was challenged in the dust and mud with rugged rug-ged combat exercises requiring its tanks and men to maneuver maneu-ver and fire exactly as they would on the battlefield. At Fort Lewis, Washington, the 32nd was challenged in the tall pines and in the moun-- moun-- tains, day and night, against a tough, clever aggressor who turned a routine tactical exercise exer-cise into an infantryman's nightmare. But all this seemed worthwhile worth-while when, immediately after being declared combat-ready, both divisions were assigned to the Army's Strategic Army Corps (STRAC), the first National Na-tional Guard units ever to be assigned to this elite fighting force. So impressive was the Guard's performance, in fact, that General James Van Fleet reported: "The quality of these units is far above any previous mobilization that took place in "World War II or Korea." Are there any specific reasons rea-sons for such a marked improvement im-provement in our citizen-soldiers ? '"Yes," says Gen. McGowan, "and the primary 1 one is the six months training program which provides active duty basic training for every non-prior non-prior service man we enlist. This has raised National Guard training Ax the unit level across the board. "Then, too, we avoided our mistake of both world wars of reorganizing Guard units after they were called up. In 1959 we converted the entire Army Guard to the new Pen-tomic Pen-tomic structure and when the Berlin crisis came upon us, we were able to provide the Army with the type of units it really needed. All they had to do was finish their training. "And finally, this was the first mobilization in modern history in which we were able to preserve the integrity of our units. In Korea, you will remember, many , of our key officers and NCOs were pulled out of their units to beef up overseas-bound active Army units. This helped the Army but it sure weakened our Guard units." These are the facts of the Berlin Mobilization. But they do not tell the whole story. It remained for Sen. Henry M. Jackson of Washington to put the overall effect into words. "This is the first time," hp said, "that a President has been able to use the military power represented by our reserve re-serve program to achieve a foreign policy objective." Quotes Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara i . ' "The 150,000 recalled reservists have helped mep us strong, and their recall has surely evidenced our determination . . . their country wes them a very great debt. ..." 1 ..iKte- ilvis J. Stahr, Jr., then Secretary of the Army mvucm!aoottuui "TTib Guard nd Rasptvb ato essential to meet our mobilization plans on schedule with fighting forces, and without them we would either have to maintain standing forces some several times larger than we feel it necessary since we do have the Guard and the Reserve, or we would be in a very serious bind, indeed, because the Guard and Reserve are, and are known to our potential enemies to be a part of our definite war potential." "The call-up of the Army National Guard Air National Guard Mobilization 1961-62 7 6 June 1961 President John F. Kennedy returned from meeting in Vienna with Premier Khrushchev and reported re-ported that Russia was threatening to sign a unilateral unilater-al treaty with the East German government and end the United States' right of access to Berlin. 11 July 1961 Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell L. Gilpatric announced that National Guard units might be called to active duty. 25 July 1961 President Kennedy reported to the people on the dangers of the Berlin Crisis and announced that he was requesting authority from the Congress to call up to 250,000 Guardsmen and Reservists for military service. 31 July 1961 Final Congressional approval was given , to Senate Joint Resolution 505 giving the President authority to call up to 250,000 Guardsmen and Reservists. Reserv-ists. 1 August 1961 The Department alerted 193 Air National Guard units for possible call to active duty. 25 August 1961 Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara Mc-Namara announced that 145 squadron-size Air National Na-tional Guard units were being called to active federal service to report by 1 October. 1 October 1961 Eighteen tactical fighter squadrons, four tactical reconnaissance squadrons, six C-97 air transport trans-port squadrons, and one tactical control group, plus supporting elements, were activated. 27 October 1961 Tactical Fighter (F-84F) and Tactical Reconnaissance (RF-84F) squadrons moved to Mc-Guire Mc-Guire AFB, New Jersey, and Tactical Fighters (F-86H) to Loring AFB, Maine, for deployment to Germany, France and Spain, only 27 days after being called to active duty. (OPERATION STAIRSTEP.) 30 October 1961 OPERATION STAIRSTEP got underway under-way with the F-86Hs "island hopping" by way of , Labrador, Greenland, Iceland and Scotland. 1 November 1961 The RF-84Fs and F-84Fs moved out by way of Newfoundland, the Azores, and Spain. I November 1961 Three ANG F-104 fighter-interceptor squadrons and 15 supporting units were activated, bringing Air National Guard personnel on active duty to approximately 22,000. 10 November 1961 The three F-104 squadrons mobilized 10 days earlier were at their overseas bases with their 60 Starfighters which had been dismantled and airlifted air-lifted to their new station. This movement brought the Air ; National Guard personnel in Europe to about 10,000 and the number of aircraft to 284. II June 1962 Release dates announced by the Depart ment of Defense for all units from 1 August through 31 August 1962. and Army Reserve units and personnel has gone extremely well. It has been far superior to any previous mobilization in this country." General Georee H. Decker. Army Chief of Staff )&' ' ' ' ' . ' ' ( . it it" X ml - '. s i j " . . i4iT' "' - I )U, ' "' " - -" v ' Following visit to 32nd Infantry Division (Wisconsin National Guard) at Fort Lewis, Washington, and the 49th Armored Division (Texas National Guard) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, Louisi-ana, General Decker said in February, 1962: "Results of my visit were most gratifying. Morale is uniformly excellent, officers and men have a high sense of purpose, are extremely proud of their units and are resentful of the unfavorable reflection on them caused by the complaints of a few. They are working hard to complete successfully their intensified training program and the Army Training Tests administered at the conclusion of that period of training. Some shortage! of equipment equip-ment still exist, but these are being corrected as fast as the Army resources will permit ... "The most impressive fact concerning the reserve forces on active duty is the high quality of personnel of all rank3. I was most favorably impressed by their keenness of mind, their professional skill, and their devotion to duty. I am convinced that they fully understand the reasons behind their call-up and that the vast majority have accepted the interruption of their normal lives graciously." )es of equipment belonging to the 116th En-mpany En-mpany (Light Equipment) reach the ground from the railroad flat cars, read for their journey home to the Springville Armory. |