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Show XII iHMl PAH 1 )Kv HtJPM-hN J A! KZn Idalza .and 2Vev&cZ& , 'rl?:- - ' ' TWO NEW ' feJv . INDUSTRIES p;;:'' " ;';vU";Kl.,v ESTABLISHED ' ' VV-1 -V l - tvV-y IN SALT LAKE f N ' S : NY ::r- "H TO MEET WAR r X-iS TIME AlEEDS" ' .,. N, .J. . Intermountain Deposits of Kieselguhr Embraced in One Enterprise Believed vto Be Best Quality Yet Found in ; America. By O. J. GRIMES. BY the curtailment, of shipping facilities, facili-ties, thereby reducing irr.ports to a minimum, the world war ha-s worked a serious hardship on many American Industries. The sev-; sev-; rar.ee of friendly relations with certain Europaji governments made acute the already serious condition of such industries. indus-tries. Some of the much needed imports were finished products employed extensively exten-sively in industrial circles, while others were in the raw state ajid necessary to the manufacturing industry of the country. coun-try. Because of the wide difference, in production pro-duction costs American industries had found it impossible to compete with those of Europe, and an incentive to research. JploraUon and development in many 'ir.es had been lackir.g. Where production produc-tion costs were so favorable abroad the activity in these directions was atiiiiu-Aied atiiiiu-Aied to an exceptional degree, and the 'Onau,ae and processes evolved were i fuarded with the utmost secrecy. So carefjlly were some of the processes pro-! pro-! tected that in some instances foreign con-j con-j cerns were able to develop American resources re-sources and produce their commodities W;lhut local competition. The scarcity of many imported products prod-ucts on account of war conditions has fcfH price3 skyward; in many instances they are prohibitive. Surfa a condition contributed in no small degree to the Practice of (he mo.st riijid economy, which h-a bten made a, I the more necessary because of the heavy strain upon the antporUiUon facilities of the country. Salt Lake Gets 'ew Industries. N Although the situation thus cieated is comfortable, to gay the least, it is not Lout itu compensations. Confronted b' u-ssi.ty, and stimulated to the ex-tr-me the attractive prices, Americans ar" voting themselve.s to lines of re-arch, re-arch, exploration and development long nr-Slected, with a view to putting this wntinent on a basis of commercial and ,rG;J."trial independence. In this great era f spIoratiori and development tne wet dest:nc-d to play a prominent part; jU r"so-jrce3 have only been scratched explorers, and development is s-rarce-lyond tho embryonic stago. What, it ITU.- 1,1 tan to i!ie intennoaiitain region E1-ggest';d in the establishment during past month of two new Industries in Lake. Ir' the o,d warehouse of the Bamberger thlCrUfUin raiIro;"J- on Third AV'et street, R lr,sulition Alanufacturirjg company established a .l&nt. to.nporarily, lor manufacture of diatomaceou.-; earth "'rc'juctH- The chief aim of the conc-.rn ll-iiH time ii- the r.-ductiort of fuel and biHs. C-ut .i' North Salt L-ike th -uh Wall Tin i. company has installed P.ant for the production of mineral Jt!rtK, tome of which arc reported to the finest imported products. The ,nv ateriiils in both instances are ob-"'d ob-"'d from Utah and iie-hixrmp states. 1 . ''''"naeonu ea-th, more commonly i ' as P,jre Kili'-a. has b'-en found In ,c"-ts Parts of the i-ountrj . parLtculafly ',' ' " 'Av:-1. A few 'c'eyosiTj have boen ,1,s'r'Vered in l't;h rhich, like tho.se of 0at other ?rtiops. are of an Inferior ' J3-I.'.;'. jy0 only derails of record ui V this co'jr.try. which are of sufficient purity pur-ity to be employed as high grade insulating insulat-ing material, are in California, Nevada and Idaho, and the only American concern, con-cern, besides the one in Salt Iake, utilizing util-izing such a deposit is operating at Lorn-poo, Lorn-poo, Cai. Process Once German Secret. Prior to the world war tha California concern was known as the KleEelguhr company of America, Kieselguhr is the German name of this particular form of mineral earth, large deposits of which exist, ex-ist, and prior to the war were developed, near Hanover, Germany. The California institution now is known as the Celite Products company. Whether or not it was. or is, controlled by German capital, authentic information Is lacking locally. The fact remains that the processes for utilizing diatomaeous earth for insulation insula-tion purposes originally were worked out in Germany and were among tho carefully care-fully guarded trade secrets of that country. coun-try. What is probably the purest deposit yet reported in the United States is situated sit-uated near Elko and is better than 9S per cent silica, according to analyses, it contains con-tains only a trace of iron and alumina. Another deposit analyzing about 37 per cent silica has been found near Fairfield, Idaho, and another of high grade le:-s than a mile from Glenn's Ferry. IIoldkis in these three districts have bcyi acquired by the Insulation Manufacturing company. The extent of these deposits is yet to be demonstrated, but the development work done so far indicates that the supply of diatomaceous earth of high quality is practically inexhaustible. West of Elko it Is exposed in a big ledge in one place and at other points test holes put down show that the overburden varies from a few inches to several feet. That It goes tn a depth of more than forty feet is indicated in-dicated by a shaft, and tunnels forty to seventy-five feet long have failed to reveal re-veal the limits of the deposit. It Is probable prob-able that the company will undertake Its bip-gest development here, but some work Is being done on the Fairfio;.: deposit. Is One of Best Non-conductors. The principal use which the local concern con-cern plans to make of the product Is insulation in-sulation asainst heat and cold, or to conserve con-serve them, if you please. By science it lias been accepted as one of the most efficient ef-ficient non-conductors of heal and cold jet discovered. ' and it is insoluble in water or acids. The one product which excels as a non-conductor, according to tho United states bureau of standards, is cjilorox, chiefs i.s too expensive to be ex-ploi ex-ploi ted otenf:i mc- ly in a commercial way. The therm.-1 1 cond net! vity of calorox is given a& .HK'f'Trt of 1 per cent: cotton wool .Oi Ol : eorkboar;, .000106; asbestos air cell, .t.ft.M ."-!; infusorial earth, .0001. The thermal ther-mal conductivity of cotton wool and cork-board, cork-board, however, apply only to cold, and asbestos only to hea't, while Lhat of infusorial in-fusorial earth applies to both beat and coll. Numerous teste made indicate that diatomaceous earth will stand a heat of yj.Q do'rreep F.i h re n be it. The deposits are maJe up of myriad mi-ri-oroiiic fossils, so minute that it is estimate. es-timate. there a r approximately 41.000.-OuO.OOu 41.000.-OuO.OOu air cells to the cubic Inch. These ledge on n$S. ELKO yDEPSIT J countless air cellos are responsible for the qualities of the product as a non-conductor and permit the crushing of the material mate-rial to a powder without impairing thoe qualities. Mining Gees On Only in Summer. The material, as it occurs, carries about four timed its own weight In moisture, which must be removed before the product can be utilized for insulating purposes. With the moisture removed, the material weighs about thirty pounds to the cubic foot In a solid state, and about twelve pounds to the cubic foot when crushed. Because of the heavy moisture content of the product fn its raw state it has been found Impracticable to carry on mining operations during winter months. The material is broken down during the summer sum-mer and cut into blocks or slabs and stacked In the sun for drying. Whilo it can be dried by artificial, heat, the process is so expensive as to be prohibitive. The wind and sun will accomplish even better results than artificial heat, but the drying operation occupies anywhere from two weeks to two months, depending upon weather conditions. The company plans to mine sufficient material during the summer to supply its needs throughout the year. By drying the product at the mines, not only are better results obtained, ob-tained, but the freight charges are materially ma-terially reduced, approximately twenty tons filling a 100,000 capacity covered car to the roof. The dried material is to be stored at the Salt Lake plant tor use as7 needed. before being utilized the product is ground to a powdered form; in this form it can be poured between walls, on ceilings, ceil-ings, on boilers for jackets, or used in any manner where there are two supporting support-ing walls. One of the products to be manufactured by the local company, how-ever how-ever is Sullivan block. The ordinary Sullivan Sul-livan block weighs about fourteen pounds, while tlui t made of diatomnceous earth weighs about ten. reducing tho weight uf walls materially. The strength of the diatomaceous earth block is sufficient to can-y approximately four rimes its own weight, hut In its construction it is necessary nec-essary to use a hinder of plaster of Paris or a similar substance. Demand Is Being Created by War. One of the big arguments for the need of the new industry is the necessity for the conservation of fuel. Extensive experiments experi-ments conducted by Dr. K. H. Beckstrand oi the University of Utah Indicate that almost one-third of the heat escapes through the ceilings of an ordinary six-room six-room one-story house. The exact loss, according to Dr. Beckstrand's experiment, is Z2 . 1 per cent, a loss prevcntaDlo by the proper insulation of ceilings. On the other hand, the product is rc- pc ruled In the construction of dry kilns fur lumber yards and v. nod working plants, j To insure protection a alnt loss of the kilns and ot! it progeny, it is essential that the structures be built of f:repoof material, but in many inslam-es fireproof materials are poor non-com! uctors. Kire-' Kire-' proofing of bank aults also furnishes a market for d.atomaceous earth prod- ' Uets. The insulation in cold storage buildings ' and icehouses, brine freezing tanks, breweries brew-eries and ice cream factories involves the same problem as heat insulation, ex-c-pt that the opposite condition exists. Hat has a tendency to enter the containers con-tainers from the out sloe, and a product to efficiently prevent the passage of heat must neeessari y have t he wme qualities quali-ties as the material used to prevent the ius or' heat. The farmer in the colder regions is confronted con-fronted with t be nrohlem ot fire venting his sih's fiom freezing. A material which will pre-, t-iit the passage of either heat or cold coul 1 be employed with a highly de-si de-si rab'e result in t lie construction of si lor. Killed in the hallow floor, ceiling and wall spaces, diatomaceous earth products are i;sed extensively to insulate the interior in-terior against the penetration of heat , y Mineral Paints of Unusual Purity to Be Made From Utah Materials; Yellow Ochre Said to Excel Famous French Product. j . I - i, hi ii ' ' ' "' - " Fni r J ir - x -fv?vX v YELLOW OCHR.B READY FOR SHlPME NT- GUN N SON v v ported to be equally valuable for cold storage and refrigeration insulation by preventing tho outside heat from passing into the cold containers. It also is an excellent sound deadener. The uses to which it has been applied in Germany, and to a certain extent In the United States, arc many and varied, and as the value of the product is demonstrated in a practical way it is believed tha t the new Industry .will grow until it becomes one of the really important manufacturing manufactur-ing enterprises in the state. In the construction of boiler settings and boiler tops the prevention of heat loss Is of extreme importance. It ) necessary nec-essary that a material be used which viil retain its high Initial insulating value under un-der any temperature to which it may be exposed. This is one of the uses to which i lie diaiomar-oous ep rt h products has-been has-been used with excellent results. The same methods of insulation employed em-ployed in the prevention of heat loss from boiler settings also may be used effectively effect-ively in the construction of bakers' ovens, where a uniform temperature is highly desirable. de-sirable. Fireiess cookers also require insulation in-sulation which will preserve he.-.t. Insulation Is Prime Factor. v The manufacture of gas necessitates the maintenance of high temperature in retorts. re-torts. For the protection of properly and the preservation and retention of heat, perfect insuln tion is necessa rv. Large sums of money have been ei- ft ii y ' r. - j ' I ( ' i r ' EARTH nPPoqr 'J Ji EAR. ELKO J w W : - . . . , , . . . :.. vsy'y I t '"-" " yyy- 'y'y: sy. y ?'", .- v.-:.- . . . ' . y . . . yyyr- ... -w -.c , . - 9 , - ' 1 " "" w " r ' ' ' , ! i . J , ' y . , 4 , : ' ' . , ' ':u' . ... ..-J-... -s: 'vy-yy -y; y y' , K ' . . f ' - k " ' - ' - i. yj.f ! -:r. '' . .; V. .-r ' : --. r v.. . . .-.V. i.v f-f .V: - : m fff.y. J 1 - s - v ...... -He -&...y'-':4SjL,; .i: r:?X'- J-l . - , I - I v DRYING PAW PRODUCT - FAIRFIELD v v and cold and prevents draughts. It also is impervious to sound. Tho latter quality qual-ity also is necessary to the construction of efficient telephone booths. As the merits of the material are demonstrated, other uses for it are being evolved. The discovery' of the extensive deposits of diatomaceous earth in the intermountain intermoun-tain region are not exactly of recent date, but development has been handicapped by a lack of knowledge of the processes employed em-ployed in utilizing the materials in a commercial way. The processes were worked out in Germany originally and guarded as trade secrets, lift oris made by local men to obtain information on the subject from the Germans were futile. Product Saves Fuel and Ice. About four years ago Gordon T. Hyde began to- study the proposition and, from the meager information gathered and extensive ex-tensive experiments, worked out some processes of his own which appear to answer the purpose in every way. He succeeded in Interesting such men as A. W. Ivirs, J. F. Bennett and others in the proposition, with the result that the Insulation Manufacturing company was organized and development of the properties prop-erties u n d e rt ak en. While the wa r ma y not bae advanced the price of the product prod-uct the company plans to make, it has I 1 at least emphasized the necessity for rigid economy in the use of fuel and ice, both of "which it is the purpose of the product to conserve. Tiie situation in che paint industry is different. With the exception, possibly, of the available supply of high-grade French yellow ochre, there has been no particular shortage of paints in this coun-; coun-; try. although advances in lead prices and j freight rates have had a very discon- oeriing effect on paint prices, in so far l as the consumer is concerned. I For many years it has been known I that mineral deposits of exceptional value for the manufacture of paints existed I in the west, especially in Utah. Several I companies have been organized and some - j paints were produced, but eastern com - peliti oft made the market fur the !o ;al ! products extremely-limited. Advances in i production costs and im reased freight j rates, in connection with the development I of what are believed to be deposits of mineral paint materials of unusual merit. I are expected lo put the paint indust ry of Utah on a stable basis. Included in t lie. holdings of the Utah i Wall Tint company Is a deposit of yellow yel-low -ochre which "has been dec' a red by some practicn 1 men to be the finest yet found in the world, superior, even, to tho famous French ochre. The deposit, which has not been developed sufficiently to determine, de-termine, its extent, is g'tuatcd near Gunnison, Gun-nison, a mile or less from the raih oad station. Mineral Paint Deposits Many. Within about a mile and a half of Jerome, near old Sugarloaf volcano, is an immense deposit of whiting, while near Koosharem is a deposit of red oxide which has been used as a paint material since the days cf the aborigines. These are but a few of the mineral paint deposits de-posits that have been found in the state and which will be available when a market mar-ket has been developed of such a character char-acter as to warrant further explorn tion. The deposit of yellow ochre ne;r Gunnison Gun-nison was Linonc the earlv discoveries of the pioneers. In the early '60s, before the railroad reached Salt Iake- valley, there was a dearth of paints in Utah, and President Brigham Young sent word to the various communities, throughout the state to make a search for yellow ochre. In 1S60, according to available information, informa-tion, Bishop C. A. Madsen found the Gunnison Gun-nison deposit, and that fali, on the way to conference, he brought with him a generous sample of the paint rock. Oruda tests indicated that the quality was good, and use wrs made of the material. Two years later, when the Salt U? ke theater-was theater-was completed, yellow ochre from Gunnison Gun-nison was brought to Salt iake, to make the first coat uf paint applied to ther new showhouse. The arrival of the railroad mace it possible to obtain paints from the case cheaper than tho raw material could be hauled from Gunnison, and the Gunnison deposit was forgotten. No further development devel-opment was undertaken until about two years ago, when 11 e property on whichi the depesit is located was acquired by C. W. Feterson of Salt Uake. Two short tunnels have been driven into the hillside hill-side within the past few months, and ore, is being mined and brought to Salt La koto ko-to be converted into paim. The whiting deposit near Jerome is soi extensive that for many years it was be- l lieved by those who knew of it that the-material the-material was too Plentiful To ever be of: any commercial value. Tet holes, put. down at various places, indicate that the-deposit the-deposit lies in blanket formation from-two from-two or three fcer to about sixiv fet: thick, and it is traceable across the couo-. try for two miles or more. Material Once Used as Lime. When the old caritol was erected at" Fillmore the material, which is really a-calcium a-calcium carbonate, was used for lime. By the settlers of the region it was frequently frequent-ly called upon to answer the purposes of" lime, and was used extensively for whitewashing, white-washing, but no attempt was made to develop the deposit other than was neccs-' eary for local needs. The value of the red oxide deposit near Koosharem as a paint material was known, to the Indians when the first Mormon, pioneers arrived in southern Utah. It was employed not only as a war paint, but it was used also by the Indians in dyeing-skins dyeing-skins and yarns and rugs. From time to i ime some work has been done on the deposit, as tho local need for paint of that particular character made itself felL There is a report, which. I have not j been able to confirm, to the effect that ! approximately SoO'fi worth of the ra-v , product was purchased several ycars ago i by the Santa Fe railroad for'paint pur-! pur-! poses. A It hough the quality of the deposit is ; reported to be high, it is questionable aa I to whether it will be developed immedi-! immedi-! ately, because there, are other deposit a 1 of merit reported to have been found much nearer transportation. Among the earlier residents of the sta(& ' to Lppretiate the potential valm of Utah's mineral paint deposits wa s John Heck", discoverer of t he famous Bun ion Beck mine in the Tiiuic district. Atlei' amassing amass-ing a fortune from metal ml'ts Mr, fcectc ; became interested in ike- mineral paint possibilities, and was- instrumental in bringing some experts from Europe to mck-; ar. examination of certain deposits. About the t: m-.; the examination wa.j in progress, or shortly afterward, however, how-ever, Mr. Beck suffered severe financial losses, which left hi.it a poor man. art! . the development of the mineral paint de -i posits vv.is forgotten. The existence of the d: posits, and :he early day history in connection with them, was recalled recently re-cently by the arrival in Sait Uake of the ; man who serveo as gu:de to the party ! of Europeans during tneir investigations, i The appearance o; the guide and bis ! story o! eariy day activities aroused new ; interest in the Heck deposits among locai ' men identified wiLh the paint industry jnd new investigations are being made with a view to developing the properties. |
