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Show DR. W.E.TAYLOR'S LECTURES GREATLY BENEFIT FARMERS Livestock Expert Who Accompanied the Salt Lake Route Demonstration Train ill Long Be Remembered. 0XE of the most popular lecturers and experts with the Salt Lake Eoute demonstration train on its recent trip was Dr. VT. E. Taylor, director of the soil culture department depart-ment of Deere & Co. of Moline, 111. Dr. Taj'lor is well qualified to talk on anaphase ana-phase of farming, but the livestock phase is his hobby. He talked to audiences audi-ences up and down the Salt Lake Route on this subject almost every day during the trip, and in every instance he urged the farmers to be guided by the advice of the TJtah Agricultural college experts with reference to advisability of entering enter-ing the stock raising business on a large scale. Questions Are Answered. The talk which proved so interesting inter-esting and- instructing to the farmers of southern Utah may be of equal interest in-terest to farmers of 'other sections -nf the intermountain country, and is given herewith: Often this question is asked, "Does it pay to raise livestock on the farm?" Why not ask, "Does it pay to till the soil?" Both questions can be answered an-swered by saying "Yes" and "No." In both cases we say. "Yes. if the right methods are pursued." and very emphatically "no," If haphazard and unscientific methods are used. Successful farming involves two grand fundamental features, namely, slock raising and crop raisin?. These two features are absolutely interdependent, interde-pendent, for the success of one depends de-pends upon the other. If trre farmer ignores what might be termed scientific scien-tific methods, even though he observes both features, he will not secure the best from either. We know that crop raising requires a strict observation of four essential steps, namely, the seed bed, fertility, seed selection and cultivation. We also know that certain methods must be observed, such as adapting crops ro clfma te and soil, raising the most profitable crops to suit the locality or market, conserving moisture, rotation, etc. Three Important Things. In raising stock the farmer must keep in mind three Important things, namely, breeds, care and feeds. He must remember that those three things are of equal importance and that any disappointments he may have can be traced to a neglect of one or more of them or to error in Judgment. Judg-ment. 1 In the matter of breeds, good judgment judg-ment should be exercised. Primarilv, as a general proposition, a pure-bred animal is superior to a grade, although al-though grades, in some Instances, are very satisfactory. The percentage of failures to secure maximum results, however, Is much greater in grades than in pure-breds. Pure-bred productions pro-ductions are more even than In grades, the animals are In greater demand and command a better price on the market than grades, and purebred pure-bred animals yield a greater profit from the same amount of feed. I fully realize that there are ex--ceptlons to these statements, but in the main they are in keeping with re-cults re-cults obtained by our best breeders and experimental stations. In selecting the most profitable breed the farmer should exercise good Judgment . If he has an abundance of cheap pasture and roughages, he should select a beef typ. choosing a breed adapted to his climate and conditions. con-ditions. Again, some breeds are especially espe-cially adapted to southern climates, while others thrive where the winters win-ters are more severe, and some are better rustlers than others; hence, no fast rules can he iaid down regarding the selection of breeds. Land Values as Factor. Where land is more valuable and there is a demand for dairy products, as wefll ns young beef, a general-purpose animal should be selected. Dairy Burba ms. Poles. Holsteins and Ayr-shires Ayr-shires are among the best general-purpose general-purpose animals. Whore the land is very valuable and the demand is great for milk, cream, butter and cheese, j then the farmer should select the best 1 type of dairy breeds. Holsteins. Guernseys and Jerseys are regarded as the most profitable for dafry purposes. pur-poses. All livestock should receive good care, both summer and winter. During Dur-ing the summer, shade should be provided pro-vided and in winter they should be protected from extremely cold weather. weath-er. We know that the normal heat of the animal Is maintained by fat and that fat is made from feeds contain-tnining contain-tnining carbohydrates. Just as coal makes heat because of the carbon it contains. We know that If a room is kept at a given temperature, say 76 degrees, by consuming a certain amount of coal, that more coal is required re-quired to maintain the same temperature tempera-ture if the windows are open and zero winds are permitted to blow in. The Fame is true of an animal. A cert a in amount of ra rboh yd rates will maintain a normal temperature without with-out waste, but if the animal is exposed ex-posed to excessively cold weather it will consume more of t lie stored elements, ele-ments, or demand more feeds containing con-taining those elements, in order to maintain the heat, or it will perish. Hence, to minim izr losses, the animals ani-mals should be well protected during abnormally cold or inclement weather. Again, housed animals rhould have an abundance of fresh air. ot herw'p they will suffer, just, ps a man will suffer when deprived of a sufficient amount of pure atmospheric oxygen. Pure Water Essential. Pure water 'is lso essential, and the temperature of the water should be considered. Ice cold water in the winter or warm, stagnant waiT during dur-ing the H'.im rr.fM" Is nor cond in ve ' o the best results. Animals, lik" h'i-nians, h'i-nians, appr'-i-iat e and a i e 1 enfii M by ucod sanithrv surrounuints. tnre it ft and s to reason thai ibis feature should not he overirv .kr-d. To profitably fc-d ;, n animal ie-(IijhF, ie-(IijhF, first, a scientific knowledge of the phenomena of crnwth and. sororid, good judgment. The laws of growth Tit- just pi" exartii.T as the la ws govern: hg t,p r-om bin a t on of el-nu-N:s In r-h--m:FT r-. V;t: o'H n 1 ; " s l i i n t : : ." v rn - f ; i r r f r lores " 0 j-r on; of the frdinr value of bis f'-e'Is ber-ause Yf combats nsciros rfnireTTif-nTs. Wr nv.-t not for ye I f ha r.:i t ;rr-' s la ws v,; not tff-vnif rnd -,. inrf-ro:vp, n-'V can tb'v be Itrno-ed if U best or d'lrM sultp are oMao-r-i. W rr.i;M not only ;;e 1 ne nyhl !.- nf, ; s or psl-' psl-' stane-i, but the proportions should f rU'ht. , We know that to co,--irft g:owh . an production In th" anirrnl it ttvist be civr-i protein a:d ;. rboh yd r,i t . and if the bfs r'-;:e Hr to he ob-t-iine !. t"1 e J roport lou.v rr.ust be i xa- t. just as v-ff know t h r if we a f 'tn ;. I o ir.anu fa ct u r wat r. for Ins? ; n re, we rouFT crr.birie two volum"? of dro-ri w;-h one rci'imo of o:;.K'-n. for no o rb-mcn -.s con-. Jj' n d w . mr.ke v.-a r r, -or can It be made by rornb: ::!:::: thr-se two ekur.tr.'s other 1 ha n a ? ftro-p s'u' cd . Pro fir, ir.ak--? the; rrowth, and carbohydrates car-bohydrates furnish ei.'-r:;.'. hat and fa.:. The amount of encii to srive de-p-nds t:p''n vr ) t io Hnd r'uiui'"-iv.rr, r'uiui'"-iv.rr, is. T"-e pri-.r.r- ns vr ry from nr.f part of pr"-;:! to fou- and onf-balf onf-balf to five and one-half parts of rn r bouyn m.t . Fr-f-ds rr h 1 r j protein pro-tein are cottonseed meal, gluten feeds, cowpea and soybean hay. alfalfa, al-falfa, clover and vetch. Those rich in carbohydrates are corn. Kaffir corn, milo, corn fodders, timothy, sorghums, potatoes, sugar beets and many others. As to Food Values. A steer fed corn and timothy hay for a period of three and one -half months made a gain, of sixty-iive pounds. Another steer, weighing the same at the beginning, fed the same amount of corn and all the cowpea hay he wanted, made a gain during tho same three and one-half months of i:6 pounds. In litis instance in-stance the timothy hay was worth $22 per ton on the market and the cowpea hay 58 per ton. Soybean, clover and alfalfa hay. when compared com-pared with timothy in connection with corn, shows practically the same results. Why the difference in gains? Corn and timothy hay are both carbohydrates, carbohy-drates, that. is. they contain too much of carbohydrates and not enougli protein, making as they do an abnormally abnor-mally wide, unbalanced ration. On the other hand, while corn is a carbohydrate. the legumes mentioned men-tioned (cowpea, soybean, alfalfa and clover hay) contain a larger per cent of protein or enough to balance . the corn, making a ration that provides the elements which always promote a maximum grow-ih. During the growing "period of the animal, the amount of protein feed should be increased and when fat It desired a larger quantity of feeds containing carbohydrates should be given. If the farmer will onlv study his feeds and provide the necessary requirements to stimulate growth, he will be richly rewarded. We must remember that building an animal right is like building a wall that will endure. When the mason builds a well he uses the right number num-ber of brick and the proper proportions propor-tions of lime, sand, cement and water. If he ignores rules that have proven successful or given the best results, He will have a very unsatisfactory structure. Comment on Rations. If the dairy cow Is fed in m haphazard hap-hazard way. the results will be unsatisfactory. unsat-isfactory. If a cow Is fed an unbalanced unbal-anced ration she may produce 4000 pounds of milk during the year, while on a balanced ration, costing the same as the unbalanced one. she may give 6000 or more pounds. Thousands of experiments have so forcefully demonstrated the advantages of a properly balanced ration that the dairyman cannot afford to be lax in his feeding operations. The dairyman should also remember that individual cows require different, amounts of specific elements as well as In varying proportions, hence, each animal should be studied. An ideal ration is corn silage, 40 pounds; alfalfa or clover hay, 15 pounds; cotton seed meal, 1 pound ; ground corn, 3 pounds. A good ration is clover, alfalfa, or pea hay. IS to 20 pounds; corn silage, 35 pounds; corn meal, 2 to 3 pounds; oats, 2 to 3 pounds; linseed meal, 2 pounds. The calf can be raised at a profit dr a loss. If it is given whole, milk the chief source of profit from the cow is not realized, but, on the contrary. con-trary. If the cream is separated and sold or made into butter, a double profit Is made. Tt has heen repcaterllv demonstrated that it is more profitable to raise the calf on skim milk than on whole milk. The fat is in the cream, and the pro-( pro-( tein is in the skim milk. The full nutrient value can be restored by adding corn meal or some concentrate rich in carbohydrates ami fat lo the skim milk. Needs Mother's Milk. During t he first few days of the calf's life, jt should be given l:s mother's moth-er's milk and during the following week or ten days t lie whole milk should be gradually diluted by adding skim milk. When the calf is given skim milk only, a small amount of ftneiv ground corn meal or some other eonStcntrati's which contain practtcailv the same ingredients as are found in cream should be added. Such a diet is nearly iqual to whole milk in promoting pro-moting growth, and after the. pHf is weaned from milk, he is more hardy and responds more promptly to roughages and concentrates than the .ralf that, has followed its 'mother or 'has been given whole milk. The advantage to be gained by giving giv-ing the calf Mtim milk is nicely set forth in experiments carried on In Ka nas. which are in keeping with many others along the same line. The Kansas station gives the following fol-lowing report : Tn connection with the milk, all of the calvry iv re given corn meal or kaffrr corn in equal parts. After weanin?. all were placed in a fer-d lot and given th" Fame retion. It will bp s'-en that while he ogives on Fkjni milk did rot make quite as great a gain as the others, the daily rain after t br milk wa s tn kon a wa v from them and they were placed in the feed lot was greater in the skim milk calves tiiai i in tho;.-? fed whole milk or wen- 'eft wiih the da'1!. After the r?.T lias rachd tlm are nf fl few wee;.; b. in 7! r ad r.f Hd'll ng corn meal to the mill;, it in better to give the whole grains, eithr oat. rorn or barb-v. The young calf will l ho;ou-.rbly m;ibaie the f. ... thcrehv I er eiv ing a (Ten t er benefit t i.'l n If given in i "e form of mo;ii, which it Ih a; t to swallow nnnir:'! icy ted. In f"-dlng a alf. to prevent S' Ours and st on: 8 "h ' roubles. rr a (. cure should be tak'TI to J;ee;- the prt l I Hem, It shouM be said'-i 1 horou ) -l . aft '-r ea-h (Vcding and 'be t.en f;,ol ! a l.-o he kept iea n. out s r--, n he rd;eved b- rivirg a t ea spoonful r,f Kood men! t v. o or three times each 'la v. Mr. Martin. IrerdF-una n at the Deero dairy farm, v- omm'-r-N the fliniv-ir. fliniv-ir. ' r?. t ion for pu re - bred ',r.i- mp.-v .-': 'Calve?, until the-.- n- nvo v-f.cyH old. sbouid he rive,, u .,e mi lit a :.d one-K-ird of a poord of ciftn and all the bay wvl rra'-s t;, v w ib fja. Afler a pr.'-l of f,'(, vr-fl-n, fj" ir eenl of :-kiiTi milk -' o :r) be f,.;,( rl p,v h we-;-; unt I ad t m.'ik Is i m The ,-, mount f L-r-.i,, ;. i.j ).,. in. ere-is-d from on-t'ei''! of m pom,! to t-.'.o pounds, a cording to the age of the a:f." Skim Milk Better. In ?.T:: r'iu's with s',-';-n rrlik ;-nd v. bob- jru.k, lie fo;r;'l tu'.t pf'er a ' ; ." wa ,- ';.( v s o : it r, a u e a g r h t r ( yi ! n on ,: r-, n i Ik 'ban on wb.o'c milk, w'' en '- e r r ajnriTit arc! kl:r.;s cf con '' i.: rn : i were ad ed. Martin's fgl-a-s are very heal'hy and rn;dve n v: a tk;i gro.v.b. XotJiliiir ra.se i on the farm will pro-du-e ij: : .-er :,:.d more profitable turns Cm 1 " Iiol-. If the j,1,;- is p-operlv Jed and -,re I for. i- , t-mrr t-mrr if m , a j 'k f t a . 1 1 e ,n a no-it t"ne me tui.e tb.'.i if required to mature a-, roji o; corn, and the profit is very at- tractive. If th Iior is plvpn corn an its principal diM i 1 io profit, in not preat; In fact, the farmer will secure only about the market price for his corn, but if the scientific lawn of prowth are observed In feeding swine, several times tlie market value of the corn can b sncurnd. The animal should be. Riven a mixed diet containing the rurht proportions pro-portions of protein and carbohydrates. Tf skim milk is piven, which 1p rich in protein, a liltln rorn ehonld b added. If skim nitlk is not available, or the pic cannot be placed in a. U-gume pa st urc. a sma 11 a mount of tankage or Home food oontaininc BEFORE WEANI NG '210 days In io- lot after wratdiiK. Number1 i-entrth' Average' Cost I Averaco Concentrates HOW FED of 1 of daily for 1 daily per "0 cahes I time I rain "'it!;sj cnin jirnin'h , I I d.-'ys I rounds iix i n ! pounds ( eain Skim milk ! 1'' j 17i . )".':,"" $2. 2H 2.1 I 4 Whole milk j 10 f.t I 1.9 7.06 1 .9 470 Running II with dam -1 22 I M0 I 1 4 41 2.0 47fi protein sh'iuld be cdven with the corn. The farmer phou'd keep in mind oil the time tlie nees-ity of pivlns; llb-er;illy llb-er;illy a protein U wllo tho pig Is (fro wins: ami iiureaso the corn v.iien fat is dt-sired. Pins should enrne ns early (n th spring as iinsyible and, as soon as ond I ; Inns p'rm" , be pla ced on a, rye past tire unt II plover or alfalfa posture has made a pood start. Enter they should ho piaef.( on a soybean, co".v;-'a, vetch or i;(.e pasture and finally firm bed In a r.vi et corn or dwarf oj n field. t ever th pasture mav he. a littb; . orn should 1 r, y veri f-a 'ii d: v to ba 'a n- e the preen !-u'inri'-i-, I lo(r ,-n yf rs fj, t i s tretn'-! ,- . i.nver tf i,t ;i jjd profit a 1 i!e to ha-.e fr-ur -oi, 1 1 n hour fiehis. Field No, 1 1? ,-ov.n n. rye early In tho tall and pee.-Jed to clover as soon 1 '-e f:o::t ;.--,es out of I )i- around. Ki-hi Nr. :: is pr.wn to a!r;,lfn r.r 'doer. pr femidy alfalfa. FjeJd No. :f IS sown t' soyhea cowpefjfi. v.-tcl or rape. Fi i'i No. 4 is planted lo corn. Tlie rye nffordH fatly pasture and til? HlK.'i Will tramp tlie rjovej- seerj in ttV ground in I he (spring. Fj om the rye r j-f 1hey me plat i. d ill tlie. 8 :fa Ifa or clover j ;: '.t -jp-. y nd frr:n ih'Te iiro l!ie -;, h'an or mp; p.-in-t hp . h nd when place.i tn t )-.c corn fl'dd t ,..y ;( rr; uj vi) 1 he r'ltl Of fill 111. p--.Muie. Soii.etirnfiK it, is Wei io have a pi a and rape, pasture m-p-aia . e. f.r, t 1,;, t J ),, ,! s can be I ha I ''"1 Wee 1( Ili.Mlt, W. IT C t lie p;, j,- tt:res a etiaii'e to r.rov. . I.!v piirsuimc this courve th.; Iiokh do the ni;jjor portion of (he wo'i; and ti:e rnriner will rc'ijve fiom bis land from J4' to f f.r i r a.--,., dej.f ndu,- lanjely uj.on its Jertihty. Fure-hr'd bo'i; are more profitable than (.-raiis from every standpoint. In f. . i ' " 1 1 1 1 jj fj, ij,nlj hoi; peat ca ro siio'iM be taken to avoid inbreeding. It is a lan.eic.ji.le fJU.-t that millions of do,.ars ai" waKtcJ yeutly by feed-in feed-in om to into ed pi ;i. in i-'.-U- 'tin a breed the farmer sho d"! be covern'-d by conditions. 1( t:.e hoKs are to he turned on an ex-tensive ex-tensive ro:i'i) ranu, then a bacon :;.-.e is .j- : i i.ii ile, for the reason ti at they Jii.idy roMlery. A Turn- worth or I lampshire v dl liirivi- v,Jier; si : t d hoe v.'i'i! I sla r. e, ;tnd tho same r i .s ' i : i "A va i let y will not do aft w l as, lard hriics when kept ir, a r-Htiii-fd home. |
