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Show 5n tbe abor Morlb. OCCUPATION FOR WOMEN. Miss Alice "W'oodbridge, of the 'Working-women's 'Working-women's society, has recently been investigating investi-gating the opportunities and wages in a great variety of occupations. She finds the factory worker is generally better paid than the saleswoman or stenographer. Girls in the silk mills receive the high average of f 6 or $ 7 per week. The occupation of a saleswoman sales-woman Las very little to commend itself. Toe hours are long, the work hard and in the big cities women rarely receive more than ?6 per week, though a few heads of departments de-partments may receive as much as $12 or $13. Stenography and typewriting were, up to a few years ago, quite lucrative, but plenty of women can be found to do that work now for from 13 to $5 per week, while the girl who can get $12 considers herself fortunate. The best occupation a girl can adopt is something new. Piano-tuning, silversmith and watch shops aud drug stores are new occupations that women could undertake. un-dertake. The occupation of a trained nurse is not overcrowded. There is a demand for them, and they receive from $lt to $25 per week. Every girl is not adapted for this work. She must be both physically and mentally fitted for it. Miss Woodbridge's conclusions are that the old-fashioned women's wo-men's trade of dressmaking and millinery afford the greatest opportunity for a girl. No machine is ever likely to be invented that will design, drape, fold and fit. It offers of-fers a girl the possibility of an independent business of her own some day, while the wages paid are very reasonable. Make Them Stockholders. One of the latest suggestions in regard to i making railway employes to some extent stockholders of the railway company for which they work comes from the president of the Chesapeake fc Ohio railroad. In his last report to the stockholders, he and the directors recommend the establishment of a community of interests between employes and employers, by dividing the surplus earnings between stockholders and employes in proportion to the capital invested aud wages paid. For instance, if the capital was $00,000,000, and the amount pa d out in wages $5,000,000, and the surplus earnings $650,000 per year, he would pay the stockholders stock-holders 1 per cent on their capital and all employes who had been in the employ of the company one full year 1 per cent on their wages. As the earnings of the com- j pany increased the dividends to stockholders stockhold-ers and employes would be larger. In any event the employes would receive regular compensation, and would share to some extent ex-tent in the prosperity of the company. This system has beet adopted on one of the French railways and has been fouud to work satisfactorily. It would seem as if such a plan wou;d to a great extent do away with strikes and inaugurate a new and better era in the relations of corporations to their employes. it is necessary for him to stand up for his rights he will be supported by his associates. associ-ates. The sympathy between "the different divisions of labor is strong enough to help each other to secure justice, then unionism is a failure. There is another phase of the question. Labor has learned by experience that if a union quietly submits to .an injustice being put upon a fraction of its members, the injustice in-justice will be extended until all have suffered suf-fered what was at first offered oniy to a portion. If a union did not support a few in their just demands the union would certainly cer-tainly lose these few and probably others. This, with the "picking off" plan of the employers, would in a short time destroy the union. Therefore the very life of the union depends upon the loyal sympathy of all organized labor expressed with judgment. When the demands of labor are just and all other methods of settlement have failed, tho public will always be in sympathy with the strikers although the sufferer from the injustice are few. Felix Holt. Labor Notes. New York unions are still talking politics. Indiana unions ere boycotting the state fair. The Miners' federation of Germany has 220 locals. The London Building Trades council represents rep-resents 10,500 men. The master printers of Denver are going to form a typothetx. New Toak wood carvers expect to win their eight-hour fight. Ohio river steamboat employes are agitating agitat-ing the organization of a union. The percentage plan of paying union dues is meeting with universal favor. During July tho Trainmen's Brotherhood paid out $13,000 in death benefits. The Knights of Labor are opposed to the enlistment of members in the militia. A freight handlers' international union Is among the possibilities of the future. The waiters' union of Denver is one of the strongest in the Centennial state. Like their brethren here, the barbers of' Indianapolis are In favor of Sunday closing. England had 270 strikes in the last ten months. They blame McKinley ior most of them. In St. Paul .no distinction is made in wages of male and female teachers in the public schools. The machinists won their fight with the Wyandotte & Kansas City railroad. In union there is strength. Michigan lumber mill men are out for a ten-hour day at the eleven-hour wages which heretofore prevailed. The coachmen's union of New York has declared war on scab liverymen and undertakers. under-takers. Lively funerals may conddently be expected. Fifty-four stonecutters on the Vanderb'lt Why Hungarians Com Over. No wonder the miners of Hungary prefer to eoLue to this country and that ininy Uioauudi are employed in tae coal mines of the United siai.e. Xne daily wage of a reg-u reg-u ar hand at the fiuimarian mines is from -2 to 40 cents per day. The wages in the mines are rather higher, being from 48 to 60 cents per day. The wages in the iron mines are lower, as they are generally in populous districts where living is cheap. Boys and women are also employed at about Tialf the above rates. Living is very cheap, although poor. A comfortable house can be got for $2 per month. Food and supplies are cheap and many mine-owners sell them at a slight advance on cost. In many of the state mines a deduction on one-fourth per cent is made for the music fund. mansion, near iisneviue, . nave sirucK. for an increase of wages from 40 to 45 cents an hour. The strike at the Oliver Iron and Steel company's bolt factory in Pittsburg has been sutt.ed. Concessions were made on both sides. Two out of three of the militia companies of Nevada have decided to disband. The use of the militia in labor strikes is the cause assigned. . There is very little prospect of a settlement settle-ment of the tailors' lockout in Denver. The matter is now in the hands of the state commissioner of labor. Two carloads of scab iron from the Carnegie Carne-gie mills was sent back from Pittsburg recently re-cently as being uunt for use. Unskilled labor is dearer after all. Profit Sharing. There is no doubt but what profit sharing, when properly conducted, is a great benefit to both employer and emploKQLourse it should be 'nanaged judicio.Jiy7jd?'""so managed it will be a prosperous investment. It teaches employes thrift and shows them that care, interest, attention and skill mean greater profits to their employer and therefore there-fore to themselves. When the workingman is given to understand that his employer means to allow him a fair show he is not forever thinking about strikes; he is attending attend-ing to business. His employer also thinks more highly of him when he has taken him into partnership as it were. In Mr. Oilman's recent book on 'Profit Sharing" he gives some interesting facts regarding re-garding some experiments in profit sharing. He admits that the manufacture of woolen and cotton goods offers a rather unpromising unpromis-ing field for this system. Three years ago, however, the directors of a New England cotton mill resolved to try it. They had discussed dis-cussed the plan for over a year, so did not enter into it hastily. The plan adopted was to pay not less than 6 per cent of the dividends divi-dends for the next six months to the eni- f loyea in proportion to the wages earned, t was estimated that this amount would be equal to the interest upon the full amount ot his wages for that time if placed in a savings bank. Every employe who had t worked continuously for six months shared these dividends. The experiment ha been eminently successful. During the very lowest low-est ebb of business the profit-sharing corporation corpo-ration paid its stockholders regularly 12 per cent per annum and their employes over 3 yer cent upon their wages semi-annually. Of the forty competing cotton corporations in the same place which were not profit sharing, their highest dividends were less than 10 per cent, while iu the lowest ebb of business the average was only 5 per cent, any many paid no dividends. We hear a good deal of profit sharing being well enough when business is good, but what will be done when there is loss instead of profits to share The answer to this qucs. tion seems to be that under a system ot profit sharing there is less likely to be a loss. It is also very probable that employes would be williug to forego profits, or even submit to a reduction in wages for a brief period of depression, if they knew they would reap part of the profits on a revival of business. An Efficient Wav. UULVU UUVUi MAO M .DW KJ b I. V . Moines, Ia. On Labor Day 2D,000 people celebrated and numerous unions are being organized. Better late than never. Unorganized bakers in London work eighty hours a week. In Manchester union men work only fifty hours a week. Quite a difference between tweedle-dee and tweedledum. tweedle-dum. Over 10,000 coal miners are out in the Monongahela district resisting a reduction from 33' to 3 cents a bushel. They do not believe in covering their light under the crest of a bushel. A number of the large typographical unions of the country have issued a call for a short hour convention to be held at Cincinnati Cincin-nati October 13. The indications are that there will be a large attendance. The potato diggers of Greeley, Col., have formed a union tor the purpose of regulating regulat-ing prices. About 200 men have signe 1 the membership roll, and are determined to assert as-sert their rights and demand a fair day's wage for a fair day's labor. The steamfitters of Philadelphia struck on the 2nd inst., for a nine-hour work day and a uniform schedule of wages. A demand is made for $3 a day for 6teamQtters and $2 a day for helpers. Every firm refused to sign the schedule and 200 men went out. Painters have 30 unions workiug 4S hours, 39 unions working 53 hours, 97 unions working work-ing 54 hours, and only 18 uiftons, out of a total of 2ot, working 60 hours a week. This year 78 strikes were ordered, 59 were successful, suc-cessful, 11 compromised and S unsuccessful. A bill was introduced in the legislature of Ohio, a few days before adjournment, to make railway companies liable for damages sustained by any person, including railway employes, in consequence of any negligence on the part of railways or their agents. A similar bill was killed by the Democrats in the last Utah legislature. Australia believes in protecting the working work-ing man against the rapacity of the rich. A banker at Melbourne, Australia, was recently recent-ly fined $25,000 and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for swindling working people 1 out of their earnings by land dealing. An-'other An-'other got a dose of $2500 and four years. In this country that class of swindlers usually break into congress. , The next big move in the labor unions of Cincinnati will be the enforcement of the use of the working card by all employed on buildings in any capacity in its erection. The matter was referred to all unions for a vote, and returns show all favor the move. The order will be promulgated shortly and a man with a card will positively refuse to work with any one not supplied with a like working card. The latest report concerning working women is very interesting and instructive. In the twenty-two largest cities in the country coun-try 17,472 women, who earn their living by work, were interviewed by government agents. They make on an average $5.51 per week, and they represent 342 vocations. Their average age is 22 years 7 months, and their average engagement in work, four years and nine mouths. The recent strike of telegraph operators In Spain developed a novel method of conducting conduct-ing the fight against the powers that be. All of the operators remained at work as usual and received all messages offered by the public pub-lic for transmission. But there would be no response from the operator at the other end of the line, and of course the message could not be sent. As the company would be unable un-able to tell who tbe refusing operator was, they could not get back at him. The oper. ators finally won their point. Church and Labor. Rev. Dr. Hanlon of Omaha in a recent sermon ser-mon said: "The laboring classes are drifting away from the church. Our church is made up of women to a large extent. The men are drifting away from it. We must take a stand on this great question affecting capital capi-tal and labor. Ihe church has been too much inclined to lean toward the interests of capital." capi-tal." Not only is this so, but ministers are too apt to preach over the heads of their hearers. They do not concern themselves enough about those questions and difficulties difficul-ties with which the workingman is troubled nowadays. E Pluribns Unum. During nearly every strike of labor we hear a good deal about tho wrongfulness of thousands of men quitting work who are not directly interested in the troubles which cause the strike. We are told for one instance in-stance that the wages of only 325 men at Homestead were in question, yet that 8000 men struck aud the foolishness of such a course is pointed out by wise editorial writers. At the time of the switchmen's strike at Buffalo all sort of silly arguments argu-ments were used to show why the firemen, trainmen and conductor should not also come out Of course the first thing to settle is whether the strike is right in the first place whether an injustice has been committed by tl e tuisbvyer and other m. ans of setting tbe difucuil.tr have been unkvaillog. Admit, tiu tuit the. Kirke is ju-iiti,t'i, it wnt'd seem as if it were tua duty . f iii organized labor to upport the tloiuauda of :t,eTr sulking sulk-ing brothers. The foundation of unionism ' -t "an jury to oue is the concern of all." If a man thought bo would be left to fight for his rights unaided, would he join a union, pay dues and concern himself with its affairs? He would not. He became a member with the understanding that V'60 |