| Show nl l l urn M T I Y all tl La e T v her ITi Among r A v pe Filipinos i v iii f By Frederic Hi J 7 Haskin MI 7 r 7 P i r tr f li r 1 i t sw f o f d t j f i j i p ft f y II tt h r f 4 i ti t L 1 j f l r p i f I l Ii A r rA 1 A L 2 k z k t tr v r T lIk 3 L II r i i q ij l I w 1 lI i if ij t t j j I N I I I hl i tt f i D t i j Y t J r It I I j f In t t tt i t f rJ i A 1 i ft f f It f fr T a if 1 3 i C 1 1 11 I I I 0 M r f 1 f k t 7 11 ii i ff o f if l l l i L tji I Im I l 51 i m 0 J t X t 4 t i IZI I v rw A i 1 v j 1 f if 1 l t tf Ij i y l f i r J 1 S 2 2 V m IIi Y 1 3 11 if Jr t 1 Ji 1 0 jc fJ f i 11 ii 1 lJ V l jl II vJ d i G 7 JI i k Pi tJI i fil J x 1 s jg i t 7 hI 1 FDA TZ L k t l 14 J e J ill t 5 ff J 4 c 0 ri i iI i ic l i I I I i I Ti I 1 I I j I IU I I i i I i il t P I j J 11 I I I I 2 1 i I 1 II t n r t jf F 1 ri I j U k t i it t IP A I c 11 1 c 1 IP J 3 I i I IJ a V J I 1 ll i D Dc J S Q 0 1 1 a i r i t tm c m y 1 I j i J I lt lf n t t t i 4 t A i lk J h Lif J l t I Ji us A t N hj k 1 1 JI f 1 i I t f fj Il C t w l S J It 4 1 Jk t i fJ M rt J it iti t 1 I II i X i f L i t f t f i F i f f U c as f t ki li I I ott i tL d 00 k i i 4 S 1 c 1 iii I 1 4 I I II 0 if 4 r I t v t t J I II J 1 a i 1 I W e Y 1 I IT ii o 4 Q J ff fh I i 3 4 3 j m mI If U r I t j 4 c i rt z J 1 l I i d J 11 td c II 4 N V r 5 b x g q p c I T c B t 0 I IT It Ij I j i f a C LJ a aa a T f ty l J 4 S 8 0 r u P A 1 Mf L NA TR T ff Ill 11 G SCHOOL Y J 1 J f l II 11 Education Is the the main VI of ot the American gov government government government In la its attempt to recon reconstruct L the Philippines The school schoolteacher schoolteacher schoolteacher teacher is la the Ule headline performer in tho experimental drama that ia is being enacted in th the Ule effort to civilize the motley tribes who make up the population population pu lation laUon of the archipelago We found here kinds of or people speak speaking speaking ing thirtyfour languages and sixty dialects The complication became more serious when it wax was learned that this mixed mass was wag heterogeneous less than 10 pr per cent of ot the whole being able to converse in a common tongue It has been an belief belle that the Oriental is incapable of ot enlighten enlightenment ment went that nature intended him mere merely merely re rely ly for tor a n hewer of wood and a drawer of ot water Those Tho e who claimed to know the east were quick to advise saying that it would be well enough to train the Filipinos muscle mu cle but that any effort to develop hie hl mind would be a waste of ot time and money Uncle Sam SamIs Is always ready to profit by the experience experience experience ence of at others nevertheless he is a great believer in the virtue of ot the little red school house hOUMe and HO so one morning Dorning In August 1901 the army transport Thomas dropped anchor in Manila ManUa bay and began to discharge dl charge its human cargo of ot American teachers teacher It was a 8 merry lighthearted crowd come to hustle the east to work out the greatest experiment any an nation in inthe inthe inthe the world has ever attempted i Other pedagogues followed until toO were at work here The total number I Iho who ho have come out for tor service is 1800 1300 It would be difficult to describe de the obstacles which these pioneers met and anti overcame They went into districts that were so 0 unsafe no army officer dune dare are leave his tent without army arms Having Hav Having Having ing no knowledge of ot the local vernaculars vernaculars lars they had absolutely no way of making their wants known to those Muse lle upon whom they had bad to depend for supplies and assistance atance in their work At first their lives Ih w altogether lack lacking lackIng lacking ing in the comforts and conveniences to which they had ben been b n accustomed a cu tomed at home That th thY y ret ln d in the t rice ce of or all discomforts and dangers is an everlasting tribute to their cour courage courage courage age 2 The mortality y no g the teachers has hag not been boen great greal In seven seVeA years only onh have ve died from all causes have More have J from owning drowning that p rW fJ the lo 1 j of life lite from this th s eo Q r r p sting mat m at f 4 I tempts to cross swollen streams and 7 perilous straits For a time smallpox caused one or two deaths a month and several have haye been victims of ot cholera Six SL teachers have hae been murdered by bandits four leaving hayIng been killed at one time They The were captured by b T ladrones and carried around for a week or more mote before being put to death the out laws seemingly being undecided about what to do with their prisoners and it ha has Ras occasioned much regret that a amore amore amore more determined effort was not made to rescue them Another teacher was killed while leading a party part In repulsing a band of desperadoes This brave brava fellow engaged the leader lender of ot the ladrones in personal combat and both were killed Still another pedagogue was waylaid anil killed because it was thought a book satchel which he was as CArrying currying con contained contained money None of the teachers have been molested within the last two years although on a 8 number of occasions Jons different ones have fallen In with bandits on their travels The School Expenditures No small amount of at criticism has been offered by those who believe that the government is spending a 8 greater grater amount of ot the revenues on education than is for fOI the common good of or the people In 1902 16 per cent of the reve r revenues ve venue nue of the islands were weSe o used in edu educational educational educational work but this decreased un til last year the proportion was only 11 Il per cEnt The appropriation for 1905 IB is 1 which is about less than that spent during tho the previous J i year yea I Although the amount of the tho expendi ture is being gradually diminished the I I volume of work accomplished is in increasing creasing which fact Js is due to the benefits of organization fl It is shown hown that the amount the government Is in investing investing vesting on education in the Philippines I is not excessive when compared to what is III being done in other places I Japan has a a population about seven I I tinier times that of the Philippines yet it IL is I spending sixteen times as much on gen eon general eral ii h ruction fraction while more than one me fourth of ot the Ul entire revenue of Porto Porte PortoRico PortoRico Rico IB is being used in furthering the cause causa of ot education The school authorities have tava their gen general general general I eral scheme of education wall 1111 formu formulated formulated formulated and merely mereb ask aak for time In which to demonstrate the practicability of oC their plans Plan S The total number n r of I dran dren in the Ule b t ir 1 I agog agas as of 6 und 1415 14 is tl t has bas been bean to h a ot of to n In Ute tine schools at one time The primary pr mary mory course requires three years r rs thus It will be seen that if this standard can be maintained for a period of or ten years the greater portion of or th the eons conn conning ing generation will have a working knowledge of English I mathematics S Sand and geography The Ther greatest trouble encountered countered at the present tent lime tip e is fa that the kite children chil are r coming in faster tte than t n they can be accommodated te the th eni earn earni MV I ment meat for 1905 having reached the th ston figure of It is proposal l to remedy this by b extending the us agi limit The Course of Study The course of studies for the lh ph U I grades includes only those thoe of or tho the simplest sim simplest simplest character such as English 1 h irith arith arithmetic geography industrial work arid and music The intermediate coil rou a In lii Includes Includes I eludes advanced English arithmetic tc geography history the study if f plants animals and physiology In hit course the boys are taught agriculture or shop work and the girls are instructed l to n I housekeeping In the secondary school the pupils may toay choose either eith r a tt lit literary literary course trades trade agriculture com commerce commerce merce or teaching Night schools are maintained in all the trades so that those who are employed during the day dayI may ma not b debarred The industrial Idea is 18 becoming popular in all aU the he t e Asiatic countries and iz of tills this sort are now being con conducted conducted ducted in China Japan India and the Federated Fed rated Malay Iala States The hours hou of o school in the Philip Phlin Philippines pines are different from those in the tine United States The session opens ovens here at in hi the morning and closes for tor the day at 11 Most of the American instructors conduct a It class of native teachers during two hours of the afternoon About American are now employed here and this number will not be materially de decreased decreased decreased creased for several years None of the t white teachers are engaged in primary primary mary work their whole time being bahl de Ju devoted voted to intermediate instruction or to supervising There are now about natives teaching touchIng in n the primary schools The Filipino has two Juaa qualities ties which are conducive to success as asa a aa a teacher He is patient and sym sympathetic sympathetic sympathetic pathetic but Is inclined to be Indifferent indifferent ferent about keeping regular hours and unless constantly watched is not I apt to be thorough i It is a fact tact not generally known i that the oldest olde t school under the Amer American Amerlean lean ican fla flag is located in the Philippines What isnow Is no the University of Santo Tomas was organized d in Manila by Dominican friars In the year 1011 and I members of ot that order are still In control con control control The oldest college in the United States ie is Harvard which was opened In 1016 1036 William and Mary college of Vir Vr Virginia Virginia ginia g inia was as organized In 1698 1693 while Yale was founded In 1701 liOI The Dha Philippine exhibit at the fit SU Louis Worlds fair did more toward tow fd i t I advertising what Is being done here i than all that has been written on the subject This exhibit occupied forty foty I seven seen acres of ground and was houses house houseIn In buildings The manner in which i Americans flocked there was an indi indication cation of the great interest in tIe the I islands 18 which prevails throughout the United States President Pr Francis s that the e Filipinos Fi P I 1 spines were were the over overshadowing shadowing g feature of the Ine fair The I records show that ninetynine people out of every cry who entered the exposition ex exposition I position grounds rounds visited the Philip Philippine Philippine pine village This exhibit cost coat the I government 10 cents for each visitor A novel feature of the educational I exhibit at St Sf Louis which is bearing I splendid results was the distribution of letters written by Filipino pupils to 1 boys oye and girls in America Canada I England and other I countries These were given to teach teachers ers en who visited the fair for circular i r tIon among their pupils A 1 register was as kept of all parties to whom let lets 4 s tens were given and at the cloa seas of i the exposition this book hook contained con names The correspondence now I going on between i children and their little brown brothers j across acro S the ocean is both a stimulus to toi i the use of proper English and an ex exchange exchange exchanges I change changes of valuable information i While It is yet et too early to judge i what effect education may ma have upon the Filipino it has been demonstrated beyond a doubt that he is anxious to receive instruction and that he is s an apt pupil John Barrett lost his chance of becoming boco minister to Japan by bysa say ing that the Filipino was as os bright as ast asI t I the Jap yet the universal opinion among the teachers here seems to be pe that the rising young diplomat stated tine the ease case correctly It is said that there are now more people in the Philippines who can speak peak English than Spanish Almost any child spoken to In Eng En I lish h will reply rep in that language and dna this Is not only onh true of inhabitants of or orthe the cities but of the country residents as well A Crop of Agitators Those who are pessimistic concern concerning concerning ing in the satisfactory results of education education education tion among the Orientals contend that the oncoming generations will refuse to work and will eventually develop into a crop of malcontents and agitators a ors It Itis Is claimed that every time a pupil is gained for the schools a la Ja laborer borer Is lost from the hemp fields that education exalts a native in fn his own owne estimation e so that he considers him himself himself self above manual labor Jabor laborThe The optimists grant that this is true rue in many instances but claim that hr hf same may be b said of any country where education has been introduced among an Ignorant people Without lt t I approving the natives aversion to I fig es t it fl they t hold that tha t this am ambi bi on o risk above poor 1 stan sf h i ees cs commendable co that his sense of distinction will improve with his I education It time he will realize that the nat natural natural natural I ural transition tran from a lowly station to one of greater importance is by bylong byI bylong I long and persistent effort toward fit i j ness mess rather than by gratuitous ele cle i His failure to grasp this truth I I at once does not make his case hope hopet hopeless I less That he Is capable of and will wilt willing wIlling t ing dig to receive instruction is the saY sav i i ing feature of the situation Given an apt pupil the responsibility to ul ultimately ultimately produce a creditable graduate rests entirely with the insight and an patience of the tIle tutor The real dan dun danger dungel danger ger gel lies in iii the granting of premature authority if the na native native native tive is given responsibility before he heIs heIs heis Is equal to It the mistake can only result in disappointment and ond embar embarrassment embarrassment embarrassment for all concerned The defenders of the Filipino scout the idea that he lie is incapable as a worker They The contend that his inclination inclination tion to shirk physical labor is not due to inherent laziness but rather to toa toa toa a lack of Incentive In the past he was poorly paid when he ventured to work and was shamefully robbed if he lie succeeded in accumulating wealth which would have discouraged the ambition of any race no master Lter how naturally energetic its people peo a might have been The tendency to exaggerate exaggerate ate the dignity of a little learning is due to long familiarity It with the Span Spanish Spanish Spanish ish code whereby the ignorant had to and support their superiors Recent experiments with native naUl labor have ve tended to support the foregoing conclusion The contractors for the electric street railway in Manila Manna sue suc succeeded in completing their work on time lime They offered twice the scale prevailing during luring the Spanish regime and gave each laborer 10 cents extra at the noon hour By providing the workman with cash to get something to eat near the work prevented him from straying away and made him more fit to labor than if f he continued without eating The contractors in charge chargo of the harbor improvements had no dUll dim difficulty culty in procuring help holp when it be became became came known that they would pay promptly In former times the laborer received resolved about 10 cents a day da but he I frequently had difficulty in collecting his wages This low scale together with the uncertainties of payment naturally made him hini indifferent When the Americans |
