Show The GREAT RIVALRY of COAL and OIL n J I I IL 11 wi w 1 i r L. L J s OIL TANKS S rye t G s ER- ER l l lr rE 4 r rL L IQ IP f n CL tA e f r o i iS S- S j v h J ll r r r l s 1 L p l l I 1 oI L SAND p Ci-p I l l r r s sl l I r OIL O UPWARDS L I OIL O THROUGH INNER y CASING IN G By GAS CAS IN OIL O SAND DiL 3 ANDS 1 TO TANKS ABOVE HOW HOW OIL IS STRUCK B lYl lYlA A Sectional View of an Oil Well Showing Show i 00 ing the Various Layers of Strata Pierced by the Heavy Boring Tools Capable of Penetrating the Hardest Rock 1 w f rr i. i r i. i r. i 1 VIi VI t i Ir it M iVi- iVi i Z T I the fact that oil C and coal cORI ar are 3 generally looked upon as 15 contrasting fuels it is remarkable that the products obtained from them there arc so 50 similar In this country nips mOB coal is used in its solid form as ne fuel to raise rale heat or to obtain steam but in other countries and particularly par par- in G Germany coal cOllI is distilled ti II ed ao 10 o as SA to obtain from it a eo number ot of v valuable products t The used to propel automobiles auto mobiles i is counterbalanced by tho made mad from coals which also can be used for the same purpose The paraffin oil used in lamps or something something some some- thing very similar can also be bo obtained ob tamed from coal Gas oil which i is a petroleum product prod prod- product used for enriching coal gas ga is very similar to a product that can be ob oh obtained tamed from coal coat Good fuel oil can be made both from petroleum and from coal It is of course conne well known that the principal part of the navys navy's fuel oil comes from petroleum During the tho last year of the war a considerable quantity of fuel oil was obtained in England from cannel coal In addition to many thousands of cubic feet of gay gal ga galper per ton of coal there was obtained from rom this cannel coal and is still being obtained about forty gallons per ton tonof tonof tonof of excellent fuel oil This oil wh when n test tested d und under boilers for steam steam-rai steam raising ing purposes proved very efficient and only a technical disqualification prevented prevented pre pre- vented it from being used as s naval fuel tuel oil However when mixed with ith fuel oil of petroleum origin the mixture was suitable for naval na fuel For many years past products similar sim elm ilar to all the principal petroleum prod acts have havo been secured from a mineral known as oil From Prom this shale ia is made an excellent fuel oil good lamp oil lubricating oils oils and other liquid L U l' l p rAT r 0 f L r 3 v. v 6 i t q j t products similar to those from petroleum It Is remarkable also that wax paraffin-wax which co constitutes constitutes ti the ordinary wax candles candle now in such general general gen gen- eral use can bo be obtained f from om coal from petroleum petroleum petro pdro leum and from shale The fhe distillation of coal and the turning of it into the numerous liquid products which can beso be beco co so obtained is a far more economical manner of using coal than that of shovelling it on to fires fin or into furnaces according to J. J T. T Smith editor of Oil News All AU oil figures lave have been upset bythe bythe by the war and much of the data on which exact statistics can be founded are lare not available but the accompanying diagram g gives a rough estimate of the worlds world's annual consumption of oil products The British empires empire's requirement of oil is large because of the enormous consumption of oil fuel by the Grand Grald during the war In countries like the United St States te and Russia which produce enormous quantities of oil on oil fuel to a large extent takes the place o of coa coal and this accounts for the largo consumption in those thole coun coun- trie tries America for example consumes at horn homo far more oil than she exp exports rte and as the export trade of ot Russia has been practically non existent since the outbreak of the war all the oil produced produced pro pro- there must be con consumed umed or 01 put into storage Boring for oil Is done dono with falling tools so heavy as to pierce the hardest harden rock rode suspended by bya byn a n cable and worked by team The material powdered is rai raised d by a baler baJer a pipe like cylinder holding 40 or 50 60 gallons It is lowered full fun of water which escapes the oil rising above it The baler aler is then raised and drilling is resumed Tho The powdered rock mixes with with the water and the baler is again lowered to bring bung it up r T J t- t I- I R s f lA Rest r ma ja 0 T f onri ll I PJ JO 0 TO tt c M rI m PRES T Olt Ol CONSUMPTION At ANN r t j I r |