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Show XBESi&T LAKE TRIBUNE, SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER have suffered frequently from such with France, with th ingl exception which, from geographical reasons, Jnvs slop war had abol- share th American point of view how cm they run th of Italv, which by-t- h with respect of European entangleished all contingent frontier dangers. deadly risk?" ments. In , of British Rumania and th Today Europe. Deprived guarant, kill conPoland are perpetually menaced by France has with no littl By contrast, what th French wantattack coming from a Russia which structed a ystem of mutual insur- ed was som guarantee that if Gerdoe not accept the settlements of ance in Europe by loan she has pro- many did attack them then they would be sure of British support, not th recent war and Is committed to vided for the equipment of armi fundamental principles whk. seek to with Franc material, y instruction after delays. as In 1914, for no French h ha man will ever forget too atrocious overthrow th systems of government missions of .French officer In all Us west of Europe, in all the provided for French training In ar- day between Auguat 1 and 4. when RuBritish purpo remained ohecur. In mies. By separate treaties with western world. What., then, can mania and Poland do sav to pool Poland, h a word, they want a British altheir resources against th menses? has covered th future. In cas of liance a an insuranceof against transformation any arbitraCzechoto th return German spirit Franc. Belgium, Poland, slovakia ar all threatened by an ana memoes. Ana wiuun iimiis uue tion agreement into a new scrap of want to know that Briteventual German war of revanches new European system thus evolved paper. They com just as soon as Gerpowerful has given France s position f power ain will preachedin Incessantly by life. they want leaders What and Influenc which the country ha many start to attack, and to German political world know, mor inevitable than that these na- not enjoyed sine tn raji or in intra Germany and th would on It face that this believing asemolre roor than half a century ago. tion should consort for mutual restrain Germany. And, again, both sistance? The basis of this association Is fear, countries are but supporting views based upon experience, fear of a later based DEFENSE AGREEMENTS. upon material interest and geoto upset th existing situation Thar exist In Europe today a attempt combigraphical situs tion. The aT.d restore that of 1914. Will Not system Inof insurancethere against aggre-slo.- i. nation on mobilisation VIEWS CONTRASTED. represent are several reality mor than th combination At bottom, th divergence un1914 systems, the sgreemerits of the Little of th bayonets and In central power British and French view rest upon Solve Problem, Said. Entente, Rumania, that, it has no balancing set of th wholly anxiety of the o support each .other like states at the present foment. More- former to legitimate cap being drafted Into against any Hungarian disturbance, over on such questions as disarma- a attruggl not Interto vital special sgresments of Rumania and ment, revision of treat!, etc , this ests; into a war, Indeed, their whi-may By FRANK H. SIMONDS. against a Bulgarian at- combination Is crtain to stand with b fatal to their existence, based as tackandin Bulgaria has attacked both France and to prvnt any chang a I upon foreign trad, by virtu of Ita WASHINGTON. D. , Sept. 13 nation recent yearscontracts the Genoa conference proved. Otic mora, as In th which contraoct, of guarante a Greece, and discussion at London, threparations weakness of th group of states would leave them Tn some measure tpMcbu betweenall, th great and combination of Is The ar of th nations most of the French and Britlah premier above of French policy. Th th financial, at mercy th ef Germany, France, deeplv in debt to Britain and It Is French, on their ld. ar just as neighbor at Geneva brin two clear ,and' dis- Poland, and Beltinct national views Into 'contrast. th resources of Franc to fi- eager to avoid a condition of helo- or less specifically bevond In these lcesnass due to their adoption of a nance the reconstruction If not Into conflict. At London the gium, which more th of insures that military strength BritFranc herself has desper- system of arbitration In good faith issue was rafted between the will be mobilised countries. -need of a debt settlement with which wmiM not h edAntarf hv ate ish, Who were not Interested In Ger- all theseanystates attack by Germany. upn Britain and the United States and many ana thus would leav them in man payment and were avatnet the against of European hegemony, as- a position or isolation and helplessuse of force to make Germany pay any on of the nationa to anv policv France invites Britain join this and the French, who were vitally that France desired to adopt ness In case of German attack. to add its strength to sumingnot between selfish Th conflict It. would lead to fiscal bankruptcy imconcerned with German payments combination, four of the that . contracting nations, ness aid Idealism, or between mili nft resolved In case of German deand only then, she argues, will it mediately. and fault to use force as they had al- then tarism pacifism. It is between HERRIOT'S POSITION. be possible to reduce armaments and ready done in the Ruhr, tn France policies based upon geographical Im reoverthrown was arbitration. The British Poincare upon rely from conInvasion and geogfaph we Now, at Geneva have to there was the conviction that munity leal liability to Invasion. sider the Issue between two coun- ply that this Is a reeort toIn old fash- - because It Is th In appearance, purleast wsa. he ioned at and alliances. end the that shock Inevitable between tn vie tries one of which having ho direct ' the result will b and uncompro- and of Interests an Island state and menace frcm Germany advocates the In 1914. In the war, just as It was suing an aggressive last analysis , the mising foreign policy. In sohisfar a continental states. It Is not, more solution of security by the adoption whole debate is between fall, over, the collision between those who foreign relations Irtfluenced' (France of arbitration, the other of which, Is necessary to it was due perhaps morewto his man- and Britain, but between Britain and menaced by future aggression and argue that insurance more to the methods; his and owners to ner those than property now continental protect menaced state inevery of scars still shottf-irecent the policy than to be- by Invasion argue that Insurance policies are appearance of hiscame because of 1h past, vasion, seeks to reinforce arbitration who to cower Herrtot to arson. France argues snd very possibly future purby .some of insurance in the shape a temptation was felt It that, without sur- present be cause must insurance there of Its neighbors. against pose of mutual obligations. Agreed In that he might In view particularly of the fre- rendering what was vital, England was dragged Into the last principle as to the value of arbi- fire. of fires, but Britain argues show a spirit of conciliation which war. so Ramsay MacDonald and mil tration; agreed even, in fact, that quency world criticism snd per- lion of his countrymen believe, bewould in of lessen, the fires, that frequency despite srbitratlor. is the single wise solu concessions cause of British obtain greater proves that tnurance faue haps obligations of honor tion, the French and their conti- surance, conflagration. And abroad.Hen-to- t nental! associates insist that there doe not prevent, cannot, not. and could But debate Is further complicated bv must be some way of protecting the the fact that France has oropertv- her make vital concessions. He ofcould weak arainst the strong Just as long the the main property in th fire district, agree In London to arbitration as their Is no certainty that th while Britain has not France is con- question of German default that is, strong will accept arbitration. with saving her own property. he could agree that an Impartial jury The whole quet.lon of security Is cerned had Britain anxious to avoid being called should decide whether Germany Involved In this divergence In fundanot but h to upon flrht fire to save the prop- wilfully defaulted orFrench mental condition. to England, on an not could right of France or anybody else. surrendep Island, with the greatest fleet in Eu- erty set alone If the default wer thu RECENT HISTORY. acrope, a fleet which gives It absolute can Geneva he At must, however, see the thing In established. but security front Invasion, advocates the ItsOne the principle of arbitration, conperspective. The prea- - centcannot adoption of some form of guarantee ent historical In the smallest decree debate goes back to the confer V he wd if security which not Involve It of French power to modification sent In any responsibilities toward the enc or .Pans when Clemenceau, under to protect her own securtly.. sav as of the advice of Foch, Insisted that the he is able to obtain compensating continent. Moreover, composed Rhine should be made the military ' nineend Wilson arv1 guarantees. dominions, the British empire like- frontier of France and manifest to all after It wa wise undertakes to find solutions Lloyd George offered, if France would MacTVmaldquite and Herrtot had sunken to abandon this demand, give her the at Geneva that there was no immewithout responsibilities. guarantee of their military aid in diate prospect of any solution of th APPEAL AGAINST FACTS. case of aggression. That is the spewas ImWhen all is said and done the cial clatm of France to some kind pending question. Solution no basis no was Geneva address at of assistance for the French paid In possible because there wa advocated more than an appeal to the faith of advance, they did surrender the Rhine of accommodation. cTance between a of a guarantees system h!s hearers against the recent facts. barrier program, but the American any He asked them to do at obvious risks senate rejected the treaty of Ver- - nations as long as there waswould onestton that power great any what alone the British could do with sallies and the British escaped because of the arbitral decisions the disregard a was systrust that their Impunity, namely, support contingent upon board or ignore them and go ahead tem of arbitration would be adequate, America. did In 1914. Britain to ran all the risks of invasion, such j Nevertheless the British government as Germany because she as overtook Belgium just ten years aid not immeaiaieiy claim immunity wanted no guarantee deend In would the these argued, ?o, despite the fact that Belgium from responsibility Lloyd George feat the arbitration system by 'buildv of a treat conhis of by period power great throughout r,ro,td of powers. rival powers assuring her Inviolability and tinued to offer France assistance ing up THEgroups . h REALITIES. rr,, ined "'it h in j the limits of pacts, although with steadily diminToward this treaty. And the British premier ishing attractiveness. the But you must see the realities as advocated this method, despite all end of his regims he offered Poincars contrasted with tne eloquence, w nai the deadly risks to the continental a very different ten years' pact which the British actually wanted ws som nations because It was precisely the Poincare rather cavalierly rejected. system which would not carry with cne method which freed the British But the sentiment in Great Britain It any responsibility for ffiem to from any real danger, not of lnva-- " gradually cooled and th Ruhr affair maintain the peaoe of Europ or supof involvement. really put an end to the possibility of port any country wantonly attacked, a British guarantee of French and unless their own safety and prosperHerriot's answer was Just as based-- upon the situation, not Belgian security. They did ity were directly Involved. Trance alone, but of most of the Meantime, as I have said. France, not want to be committed in advance beto re states. this an Poland, to but abstract Belgium, "Suppose," principle, European was t burden of this steech, "Sup- gan to construct systems of Insurance, tain their freedom of action at th critical moment.- They did not want pose that we adopt a' titration, which alliances ir you please, wmcn were dewe all odvocate and France surrest-e- d signed to Insure security and to comto be bound to Jrance, for example. as the war out of reparations bine th trength of the various states tn cas of war. unless at th moment " for th maintenance of th treaties war threatened British Interests and troubles at London recently, and tv.t then, when some nations which closed the war. And this sys- dictated British support of Franc And Americans must perceive that have adopted this method and aban- tem wa not only based upon but inevitably centered in the this. In substance, wa the Ameridoned all Ideas of mutual defense and can objection to th covenant of the even of the maintenance of their own military strength of the greatest conproper defence systems one nation tinental power, namely France. At league to article X. They must also takes advantage of this condition and the conference of Genoa two years ago recognize that British policy was Ina fluenced very mstertally by the fact Germany attacked Bel- the continental states, allies of the Qttck.in 1914? How can nations ex war, or Issued from th war and as- that the British empire Include gium posed to such perils, nations which sociated with the allies, stood solidly Canada, Australia and South Africa, IF SECURITY EUROPE RESTS "Bel-glu- Csecho-Slovakl- a, Gar-ma- n ar pr-w- ON MUTUAL AID' Without Arbitration, Guarantees,. btwn Czecho-Slovaki- a, Jugo-SIavi- a, h Jugo-SIav- ia C-- Jugo-SIavi- Cioho-Slovak- ia ut to Franc. Now those who at present cpntrot British policy seek to In sure that Britain shall not be so Involved, in European engagements as to be dragged Into a new war. The risk tor Britain Is not the failure of som nation to liv up to the treaty of ar bitration, but the necessity for Britain to liv up to some treaty of NO SOLUTION IN SIGHT. But for Franc. Belgium, Rumania, Poland, th risk Is all th other way. Thy can b Invaded, they hav been Invaded, and they ar today facing in Germany a great political group which proclaim openly It purpose to resiure ih old conditions in Europe, If they territorially and otherwise. the accpt th British solution and 1914 Germans presently repeat the are automatithey performance. thn cally Invaded and they hav not the smallest promise of British aid. no matter how wanton the aggression. it is, men, no 'mor man penect nonsense to Imagln for a moment that the British solution will find any favor on th continent. If there ia to be any general organization to preserve peace, It can only come from a compromise between the British and continental states. The latter cannot be asked to run all th risks: but in exactly th same fashion the British cannot and will not be persuaded to assume risks beyond their own Interests. They cannot escape responsibility for the defense of a system wantonly attacked, but they can In every way safeguard th method by which me character of the attack Is established: and that, after all, was precisely what th London agreement did In the matter of reparations. It left to arbitration the determination of fact of German default, bait It did not In the least tie the hands of those who suffer by reason of a deliberate- default "We' are Inevitably at the beginning I venture the of a Ion discussion. forecsst that whatever agreement Is ultimately made, if an agreement ever Cxecho-Slovakl- a. Yugo-Sla-vt- Is made. It wtll not be signed by 14, 1924, d on behalf of Britain or. Herrtot on behalf of France. In fact, ml' own guess Is that the speech of In Geneva wtll pretty promptly lead to the elimination of Herrtot. because he has failed to get from Britain whst the French as a people rerard as the Indispenatble and irre ld ducible minimum of assurance. MacDonald at Geneva, is wher other country In th consequence ef his all of Its policies, som of which snay hss repudiate! the obligation Lloyd George was at Genoa, it- as the French inherent In thas's Is Mentical. peace is to be. In- - not in themselves b such a to comu.-- l, the no! bv force expressed In mu mand approval. If war cam through agreement at Paris thai France should tual guarantee of certain nations the single, isolated, nakd act of of one country without any the Rhine barrier asd receive agais.si others, but by th unlvraal of th In return principle of arbi- sequenc of events, a guarantee wouid treaty of assurance acceiianr b ens In But th onlv German tration, comnulsory aimpl.cotsafe, abovor debate. com against agtrression. In this situation ' Franc will re- that all nations agree to it In ad- war do alway usually come it that act, I venture to guess, to a system of vance; an abstract way: wholly akywly frequently theory,' alliances and of Increased, not diminconsonant with British interest and as rivalries and clashes of Croat th necessary antagonism until In conceptions ished, mUitaTV establishments this she will have the support of the something suddenly precipitate na-sa FORCE FOR PROTECTION. But the guaranteeing continental states. Belgium. Polsnd, But he Is this principle explosion. Ciecho-Slovakition remain, bound, hsiple, comYtigo.Siavla and Ru- to a Europe advocating som of made nations up mitted mania, nations which find themselves In- -i On other hand. When war do In the same condition ss France with of which have al been many times and seve-of which have long come,' ,thit threaten Instantly th exrespet t. thfir neighbors. The al'en-men- t vaded been deprived of their Independence istence of continental state. Belgium, may come at once at Geneva, and all of whom hav very sound rea- for xample, wok to find herself th or eventually in some lntematicr-athat what has hap- field of battle between two conference such as is now proposed: sons forto relieving them may. happen again and pened her reliance upon a treaty of but It must come, because commuwill unless th'ey relv upon physical despite guaranteed neutrality cult as solemn nity r.f dangers will mak community as as moral well to strength protect and sacred a any arbitration comof policy a pact for th futur could be. What He Is talking from themselves. Does this mean the end of the not which been Invaded haa (Country French entente and the complete for nm centuries to countries which use. then, to org Belsdum to avoid alliances and rely upon written words? withdrawal of Rrttaln from the con- - are painfully striving to rebuild And France was invaded through Beltlneit. 1 carinot he'Ieve this, because recentstill ruins or national reconstruct enorgium, although trusting In som part Brttih interest still remains regained sfter long to the she hsd failed to formous. Another European war might existence Just and he is asking thm to tify hertreaties, northern aa well as her castInvolve Britain would almost certain- servitude, a system, which if It does not er p boundaries. ly Involve her even If she wer free accept the Th great benefit of th Geneva And Its work, ofwill leave them helpless In even ni all entangling contracts. Impending ruin without discussion has been that It puts th correnuences. whether she were ' a face of British semblance of a the promise whole th b-e question clearly oefor belligerent or not. world. Th British and th continenif not fatal, to British prosperity, assistancs. You" must course, of the In se. logic en tal disclosed their ar views since It would close European markets of the Frltlsh situation. If Britain tirety, th fundamental divrgenct and further .destroy European purof the herself to And commit ar men disclosed support absolutely. chasing power. And" if,. In such tab-llsh- es Prance tn case of German attack, exposure of thes divergencies fe-maregained European here-mon- France may In the end Invite that atth fact that neither can preand economically tack, pollttoallv perhaps she has already by the vail, that the sol possibility of any Britain veould be menaced Instantly Ruhr operation , that is, at least, International arrangement to preserve and uHerK-the British argue Th use of neace must result from th comprowhat I A i m a ti hi n i nniT British armies to maintain peace mise between th two conception which will divide th risk and th rein me ena. men, l cannot see any might. In fact, be their use to mainon Interand It Is also oult some Moreover. British from French French side tain the escape policy sponsibility. form of Ktmrftntss for., the mainte- ests. What the British seek is In- obvious that no real agreement can b n nance of peace, som sort of an surance against the use of their own reached until' Russia and Germany ar to use her fleet and arm resources merely to serve the InteT- - one mor lnld th debata. for It ta selnst ahv wanton and wilful at these nationa who 's of another nation. The very tack upon Eur"pean peace, to defend unity of the British empire might he snd futur policies explain th apwere If dominions a th eainst compromised prehensions of various nations and which ta the more menac- - asked to cross the sess to share In their refusal to surrender weapons e ;tu France and "Belgium have the terrible costs of another European and rely upon abstract principle to In good faith accepted arbitration ' as war which came about' through the defend open frontiers. of European states lesdlng The Geneva conference has sh-ea-dy the method of settling international iHvs''le ' differences. The alternative, as I have In the end to the act of formal as- - abolished the prospect of a new Waah-ilngton the part of one. but in on disarmament. conference said, is the creation of a continental arression svstem of alliances. France. Belgium, rei"t- - resulting from reciprocal acts shlch cannot o aiscuuwea sav ey " to the little entente and Poland, vvhlcn of both. willing aocept respon- cn"tri(s f any slbllltie. as the British argue- - quite Justlv .From th British point of Inview a meatnust in (1h coure of time beget yet form' r.f guarantee amounts McCtUT snother combination and restore the sure to a blank check, to pooling na- - (Copyright. 1924, by th tlonal Interests, to supporting an Itustlnn of SOU. Newspaper Syndicate.) lntrt nml, , prnl ' O-- mi i f" - SN extra-Europe- ,i KM Mac-Dona- ld i i .7TC if . lo J i n .'1 I; j vv -- ' ''.V.o1.lJ'JrrvnjiSs4-- T! - Csec.ho-Slovsk- ia it... military-strengt- .msk, M": il fife sup-r.n- i WW . h mm. IB ill jr If -- TTf ! 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