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Show (Continued from last week.) The change which made th transaction trans-action visible to the eye of tt producer pro-ducer Is responsible for co-opratlYe marketing. It brought a psychological psycholog-ical change. Closer connection with l his crop after Its production made tht j buyer think more of the problems of i murketlng. j In 1ST3 the Alabama Grange put a I sales representative In New York. The I Mississippi Grange sent a man to rep-; rep-; resent them In Liverpool. Other state ' Grange organizations hired a man to j represent them on the various cotton ' markets. In some Instances ware- houses were leased where the producers pro-ducers sunt their cotton for grading and sometimes for actual telling. Cotton Cot-ton marketed In this way did bring higher prices, but the market as a whole was unaffected.. From 1900 on producers made nu-j nu-j merous attempts to market cotton cooperatively. co-operatively. In 1002 the Farmers' Educational Co-operative was organized organ-ized In Texas. Its first work was the staging of a campaign for maintaining the price of cotton by flat Many local associations were established, usually centered around a warehouse. These associations did eliminate some dishonest dis-honest grading and buying, they provided pro-vided good storage, but they offered no real solution to the marketing problem. During the World war the South had a taste of prosperity. There was real money In cotton. With the close of the war fhey feared & backset In their market. They determined to do what ttiy could, to stabilize their prices. With this in mind the American Ameri-can Cotton association was formed In 1918. In 1019 prices rose 60 per cent, due to an Intensive acreage reduction. But the high prices brought a heafy 1020 crop. This, along with the general gen-eral conditions, crashed cotton prices. Cotton producers discovered that the conditions under which they were attempting at-tempting to handle their bnilness In 1920 were almost as unsound as the system under which their fathers had opera id In 13G0. Auron Sapiro met with the association associa-tion In Montgomery and aroused Interest Inter-est by telling them the story of California's Cali-fornia's plan of co-operative marketing. market-ing. The plun didn't meet with general gen-eral approval. The association set to work to make a marketing plun of it own. When It was completed the fc-nnvers couldn't be Interested. 81owly the American Cotton association began to fade Into the background. In Oklahoma, Mississippi, Texas and North Carolina the Suplro plun had found fertile soli. The Oklahoma Cotton Growers' association as-sociation was organized nnder the leadership of ChtI Wllllama The Sapiro plun Is a simple piece of machinery. ma-chinery. It Is composrd entirely of txina fide growers of cotton who slim contracts under which they pledge to deliver their cotton to the association for a certain number of years. The organization must acquire no cotton by purchase or trade and It is allowed to muke no profits. Title to the cotton cot-ton Is vested In the association which Hgrevs to nsell the cotton and to pay ttie resale price less the cost of handling. han-dling. The receipts are pooled by grade and staple regardless of the time of delivery or sale. This equalizes the returns to the growers. The Oklahoma organization made Its start In June, 1021. By April, 1022, 24,.riOO contracts had been signed, one-third one-third of the Oklahoma crop acresge. In less than a year the association had completely replaced cotton brokers and secured directly for the growers the spinner and export price. The average prlos for the year was around $7.20. Results of Organization. Growers In the Mississippi delta were next to organize. The Staple Cotton Growers' Co-operative association associa-tion was formed, which signed 2,200 producers of long-staple cotton. In 1921 they marketed 1.13,000 tmles, getting get-ting an average of more than Blx cents a pound more than outside growers. The Oklahoma plan moved over the line Into Tens, where 12 per cent of the state's acreage was signed. One thousand of the I'lma cotton growers of Oklahoma Joined the Arizona Pima (Vitton Growers' association, to which nearly half the urreage of the Suit Itlver valley was pledged. During the first marketing yeur Its sales topped the outside market from one to two rents per pound. In live other states cotton growrsrs begun marketing the Snplro way. There was North Carolina with 27,000 growers and 40 per cent of its acre- ge signed by November, 1021. Then followed the Arkansas Cotton Growers' Grow-ers' Co-operative association; the Georgia Cotton Growers' (Vvoponitlve iiHsorlatlon; the South Carolina (Cotton Growers' Oo-opornMve association and the Alabama Farm Bureau (Vitton as-sorlntlon. as-sorlntlon. The lust big st ii the formation of life cotton marketing machine wan the organization of the American Cotton Cot-ton Growers' exchange. This Is nn overhead agency which Is attempting-to attempting-to bring together on a common hal the Interests of all American cotton growers. It was crusted by the Arizona, Ari-zona, Texas and Oklahoma associations associa-tions In 1021. It alms to atnndnrdlzi the marketing of cotton on a national co-operutlve basla by co-ordinating the operations of Its eight inemher state association. Each state association retulns full control of Its own sales ! activities, hut It Is expected to em- J ploy the exchange whenever possible. . Tn co-operative movement has been ! blessed with two favorable seasons for Its development. Hut It Is still ill an I embryonic singe. It has had little In-i Alienee on prices, but a great service' has ln-en rendered growers hy selling cotton on a grade hails ami by soil- J lug direct to the consuming trad. |