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Show ROOSEVELT GIVES ROMANES LECTURE Former President of United i States at Oxford j LORD CURZCN IN THE CHAIR j 8hllonin Thrster Crodd With Olltlngulthid Ptoplt When Amir, lean Tsihi on "Diologlcal An-sloglts An-sloglts In History." Oiford. Kiit land Th Rnmsnes lecture by Themlore Roonevelt. which to hnr been delivered on May IX, hut which was poatpond on account of the death of Kins Kdward. was Slven on June 7 by th. distinguished American. The Bheldonlan theater was filled to Its rapacity by notable persons snd Oiford students snd th. lecturo. which wss on "lllnlnglcal Analogies In History." was well revived re-vived Ird Curion. chancellor of ths inlrerstty. presided. In seeking to pen.trats th rauses of th. mysteries thst surround not only mankind but all life, both In ths present and th. past, ssld Mr. Roos T.lt. w. se. strsng. analogies In th. phenomena of 111. and death, of birth growth and change, between thns. physical groups of anltnsl life which w. deslgnat. as species, forms, rsces and th. highly complei and eomposltj entitles which rts. befor. our minds when w. speak of nallona and rlvl Ihratlnna. It Is this study, h asserted, assert-ed, thst has given sclenc. Its present-day present-day prominenc.. and th. hlstorlsn of mankind must work In th. scientific spirit and us. th. treasure-houses of science. To Illustrate, th. lecturer toog several sev-eral Instsnces of th. development of new species and th. extinction of species spe-cies In ths history of mammallsn life, showing that In some rases the causes can b. traced with considerable accuracy, accu-racy, and In other caeca w. rannot so much as barard a guess ss to why a given change occurred. Analogies In Human History. Continuing, Mr. Roosevelt said In part: , Now, as to sll of thse rttnomna In the viiluM.in nt .I'-Iri tin-re err. If tint t,. , i, ,1. .!,'.. at Irn.t irliiln nlosl In lh hlsinrv "f liumnii s...lnl.. In lli hlslerv of the rise In prominence, of the development and elmnse. of the lem-porsry lem-porsry d. milium, e. ai.it denlli or trn-f.irinsllon. trn-f.irinsllon. of Hi. groups o( varylns kind wlil. li form rsies or imilons. As In lil.iloay. so In liiiiiiiin hlslorv. a new form msy result from lh siwlullia-linn siwlullia-linn of a long-eilalllis and hllherlo very slowlv-chnnBlMK genersllsed or mm-sperulised mm-sperulised rorm: as. for Inmsnce. when a hurlmrlc race from a variety of causes smltlenlv develops a more eomples cultivation culti-vation and clvlllsntlor. That Is what ec- curreil. for Insiani-e. In western Kurope during Hie renturles of tlie Teutonic and lAlsr the gcandlnavlan ethnic overflows from Ihe north. All the modern countries of western Kuroe are desct-mled from ths slates created liy these norlhern Invsd.Ts. When flrst crested they could he called "new" or "young" states In Ihe sense that part or sll of the piople composing them were descended from races Ihut hitherto had not tieen rlvlllxed at all. and that thsrrroru for the nrst lime ent.-rel on ths career of cIMIIied coinmimllles. In the southern part of western Kurope th. new stales thus formed ousLtr.l In hulk of Ihs Inhahltants already In Ihe land under the I'.otnan empire: and It . wss here that the new klnadnnis nrst look shape. Throuali a relies a. lion their li.nu.-n.-e Ihea eten.1. cl hn. k Into the cold fnresis from which the Invaders had come, and liermany and rl andlnavla xltne.se. I the rise of communities with essentially Ihe sama civilisation as their southern nelahhors: Ihniiah In those communities, unlike Ihs southern cominunltl.-s. there was no Infusion of new hlood, snd In each esse the new civilised natlnn w.il.-h ara.lu-atly ara.lu-atly deelope.l was composed entirely nf members of the same race whlrh In the same realon had for saes lived the life of a slowly chanalna tmrharlsm. The same was true of Ihe Ulan and the His vin.ll.-d l-'lrins of eiislern Kurnpe. when an Innl-Irsllnn Innl-Irsllnn of HcHii.llnnvInn leaders from Ihe north and Innltrallnn of Rvsanllne culture from the anulh Idited to proiluce the chant;1' which have gradually, nut of the tilth Nl.iv communities of Ihe forest and the si. -i. pe. formed ths might)- llusslan empire of today. "New" and "Young" Nations. Again, the new form may represent merely a splitting off from a lona-estah-llshed. highly developed and sp. l-llli.-d nation. In tills case the nation Is usually spokea of as a "young." and Is cntrei lly spoken of as a "new." natlnn; hut the term should always he used with a clear sens.' of Ihs inherence between what Is des.-rlle-d In such case, and what Is rie-scrlh. rie-scrlh. d hv the same term In spenklng nf a clvillg.-d nallnn Just dev-l..pc. from a hiitharlsm. t'lirthnae and Hvrui-iiKe weru new .llles 'ompiir.-d wlih Tyre and Corinth, Cor-inth, hul Ihs lltei-k or I'hoenl. Inn r...- was In every sense of Ihe word its ..I.I In ihe tiew i-ltysiS In the old city. Ho. nowadays. Vl.-torla or M.irllnha Is a new f-ommiinltv computed wllh Knaland or H.-nlhmd . hul the ancestral lyps of clvlllxnllon and culture cul-ture Is aa old In ona case us In the other. that great chniiue nre not pro.lured liy Ihs mere fa. t ti nt Ilia old civilised r.i.-e la sinhh-iilv plii.-ed In aurroun.lliiKa where It has aunln M an Ihrnuah Ihe work of turning Ihe wilderness, a work Hnlshed many centuries before In the orlalnal li e nf the race; I merely mean that the an. eslt-al history Is Ihs same In each case. We can rlahtly use Ihe phrass " new renpla" It sp.-iiklng of Canadians nr Australians, Atnerh ana or Afrtkan.l.-rs II.. I we use It In an entirely different sense frmn that In whh-h we use It when spe.iklna of surh roinmunllles as those f. .uii.l.-. I hv the norlhmen and their de. a.-en.lunis during that period of astonishing astonish-ing r.... II, w hl. h saw the descsn. hints of Ihs Norse sea-thieves compier and transform trans-form Normandy. HI. Ily, and the rirlu.h Islaii.ls. ws use It m an entirely ill rr, n ut sense from lhat In whh-h we use It when speaking of ths new stales that grew up around Warsaw, Kief, Novgorod, and Moscow, as ths elld savau-s of the steppes and the marshy forests slruugled haltingly and slumhllngly upward to become builders nf cities and to form stable governments The kingdoms of Charl.'iiianne and Alfred were new." compared with the empire on the llns-phnrws; llns-phnrws; they were also In every way dlf-rarenl; dlf-rarenl; their lines of anceslral descent had nothing In toinmon Willi tl ,f tl.s polyalot realm whh-h paid tribute to the "4.suis of llytiintluin; thefr six-lal prob-l-uis and afiettiine history wera totslly l"r..t,nt. Tl.ls Is not true of those "nsw" ..Hon-, will, h spring direct fr nhl na- . ...a It. :x'l. ths Arguntllis, ths Unllsd s i i i ill ii l I - States, are all "new" nall-.ns. .-..tnpte llh the natl-.tis of K I- but mill whatever ct.ana's In d-tail lleir tHIWi-lion tHIWi-lion Is ne.erth.-.e.s of U.- a-n-r.l y- pes,, tv p.. ss sh-n m IV. I s.l H--..I1. .1.-1 ,-t.l I I e .1!- ..i. . - tt.-n ;;:r .";:.'a.r .r: "n i ft .11. ..... . .-r Te .re III ea- h 111 t"ll .' 1-1 - I'-'.. . . I. I' e I.. " ..'"I t' .- o i i,,,. .1 ,'i", e. . . t in f r a ....I ptot. i.o. -a t!. I s..ii..l. In si 'le'of ai.n- rn il..i .l0.i.ti .a. are In i..lr .-o-tt. .. t'.e l-.l. .a .!..illng from barbarism Into I H.. aim . .--ak of the "de-ilb" of Still." a nn't.-n ot a . I Ilia it .... tl.e term ni.ti l.e tie. .t.r r either one or Ian l.wallv d'ffer. nt pro. eaa. a the ati.loaV With what ....:i. In I l .l .sl. nl h.alorv being Ta'snianl ma" f." r"lt an- -' atol". arlooa lit-tie lit-tie ilana of An. erl, ,tn Indiana have within the last ' iiturv or two . ..niplet.lv died nut. 'l of th. lu ll. IdoBla haie pettahe.t. I.avlna i.o d.-s.-.n.lai.is. and Ihe t.loo.l has dlaappeare.t Certain other irlhra of Indians have aa tribes .hauppearr.t or are now dlsappearlna . but their bhe..t remain., being ah.orhed Inm the veins of the white Intruders, or of Ihe l.ia.-k men Introduced hv Ihea. whits Intruders. S.I thai In reality they ar. no relv being tran.forme.l Into som.ttilna alatoluiely different from what they w.r. A Ilka wide diversity In fact rnii be covered In th stst.ment thst a civilisa tion haa "died out." Ph.nomgng Thst Puflls. In deallna. not wtth groups of humsn hetnaa In simple and primitive relations, hut with highly complei. highly epeelal-Ised. epeelal-Ised. clllllsed. or seml-rlvlllsed sow. lies, th.re Is need of great eaullnn In drawing ansloph-s with what has occurred In the development nf the animal world. Tet e.en In these esses It Is curious to se. how some of the phenomena In lha growth and disappearance of these comities, com-ities, srtinelsl groups of humsn helnea resemble what ties hsppened In myriads nf Instsn.-es In the history of Ufa on Ihlo Why do great artificial empires, whose rtllsens are knit by a bond of speech and culture much more than by a bond of blood, show periods of estraordlnary growth, and aaaln of eudden or lingering decav? In aome cases we csn answer res. Illy enough: In other esses wa cannot can-not aa )-el even guess what lha proper answer should be If In any auch case Ihe centrifugal forces overcome the centripetal. cen-tripetal. Ihe natlnn will of course fly lo ple.ee. and the reason for Its failure lo berome a dominant for. e la patent In eiery one The minute that the spirit whl.h flints Its h.sllhv deit-lopmenl In local self government, and In Ihe antidote In the ihmaers nf an extreme centralisation, centralisa-tion, develops Into nirre particularism. Into Innhlllly lo combine effectively for achievement of a common end then II la hopeless lo espect area! results, rolnud and certain repiihllea of the western hemisphere are Ihe standard csamplca of full. ire of ll.la kind; and Ihe fulled Klaus would lone ranked w..h them, snd Its tn.it, e would have become a byword of .1. rial. .11. ir th forcea of union butt not Irllilt. plied In the rlill war. Ho Ihe growth of soft luaury after It has reached a certain point becomes a national danger patent In all. Aaaln. II nee, la hut Utile of the vision of a seer to foretell what moat happen In any community If the average woman ceases lo become Ihe mother of a tamllv nf healthy children. If Ihe averas" man loaea lha will and Ihe power to work up to old age and In flaht whenever Ihe need arlaea. If Ihe homely, commonplace virluea die nut, If atrenath of rheracler vsnlshes In graceful aelf-lndulaenea. If the virile uunllltea atrophy, then Ihe natlnn haa lost what nu material prosperity can Offael. Hut there arc plenty nf other phenomena phenom-ena wholly or partially Inexplicable. II Is easy lo sea why Home trended downward when srcttl slave-tilled fat nts spread over what lot. I once la-.n a countryside of peasant proprietors, when gtee.l and luxury lux-ury an. I sensuality ale like a. I. Is Into Ihe niter of Ihe upper class.-, while Ihe muss nf Ihe i lllxclis grew In depend, nol upon their own exertions, hut upon Ihe stale, for Iheir pleaaurea and their very lived, ho, ..I Hut tins does not explain why ths forward movement stopped at different times, so fur as different matters were ronc.ru.d: at one time as regards literature, litera-ture, at another lime as regard archltec. lure, al anothe llni a reaanla i lly hull. ling We cannot even guess why Ilia sprlnas of one kind of enerav dried up while there waa yet no cessation uf an other kind Holland ss sn Example. Tske another and smnller Instancy that of lloll.tnd. Kar a period covering a little more then Ihe seventeenth century. Holland. Ilka some of II. a Italian illy statea at an earlier perltal, stood on the dnncerous height of ar.-ainesa beside null. nu-ll. .na so vastly her auperlur In lerrll tiy and population aa In make It Inevltnhla Hint ao r or later sh. must fall from the glorious and perilous eminent a In whl.h site had been rnlaett by her in n Indomlta-hie Indomlta-hie a.nil Her fall cam.: II could not have been Indentiltely poStpoiu-d' hilt It ram. fur quicker than It needed lo come, hecnuse nf short. -omlitaa on her purl lo which both lir.-itt lull. tin and Ihe l'nli., Hlalea wool. I be wise to p.iv heed II. r government was alnaularty Ineffective, n,. deceolittllxatlnt, l.elt.g allch aa often lo penult th., sep'.-ratl.l. the purtlcllh.rlal. spirit of Ihe provln.es to rob ths central ...H I...UIV or till ettlcl. ii. v. This w as had en. In. I ,e f,i w. iikn.-ss waa that s in ion In tl, h. pea. e l., ting societies where men hate to ihlnk of war aa posal-hie. posal-hie. and try lo Justify their own relu, tM, e to le t- It cither by hluh Buiiti.lli.K moral platitudes or else hv a piulosopi,,- r shorlslk-lilt-d r,.ulerlallatti. The Hutch acre vcty wealthy They grew- to believe be-lieve (l.'it they could hire oib.-rs lo do their nahtlng for them on land; and on sen. where th.y dltl their own nahtlng. and fought very well. th..y ,eft, h, lime of p..a.e lo make ready Heels ao ef. n. lent na either tn In., it. Ih. Hutch aguinat the pence being broken or elan lo give them Ihe victory when war came To he opulent unri unarm. -d la la eeenre ease m th. present at the almost '""I al nf tllausler In Ihe futllie II I. therefore easy to ... why Holland lost w hen she dltl her position itmot.g II.., powers; hul II la far more difficult lo explain ex-plain w-hy nt lha aante 1 1 him there ahould have coma g leaat a partial l..a of p.,H. Hon In His world nf an and letters H tm I-urk of divine nre burned Hself uul In Ihe nallnttal soul. As the line of great slalesmen. of gteal warriors by land and a. a. .nine lo an end, sn ths line nf II.. great liulch painters ended Tho loaa of pre-eminence In the schools I ,w.-,l th. loss .,1 pre-eminence In camp and In In the Intl. republic of Holland, aa In the great einpltt, of It. .me, It was nol death which came, hut Iritiisfoniiatlon li. .11. Holland and Italy leach ua lhat races that fall may rise sgaln. Danger of Racs Sulcld. There are tpieallnna whl.h wa nf ths great civilised nations are ever tempted to aak nf the future, la our time of growth drawing to an end? Are we as nations soon lo come under the rule of Hint great law of death, whh-h Is Itself Inn part of the great law of life? None can tell. Forces thst w can s.-e and other forces Hist era 1.1.1. 1, n or thai can bin dimly be apprehended appre-hended are at wnrk all around ua, latlh for good and for evil. The growth In lux-urv. lux-urv. In lova of ease. In laale for vapid and frivolous aacltsment, Is both evld.nl sn-1 un'.e ."-. Th. rn .-t is I'm ! t i... ..f !. .! . tl In i. i.,.w lo a l.ti-f or , r t. e el .,t I . i. - l of I e .- il red . - -.a of c. nil..! I w u I .1.. p.-. ol " cl. .i ....I v--t.t. . a en.- tin. .1 f..t i-. v, ... ..Mr i- .. - t. -.civ .1. . I j.'.- w..l "" " 1 here la I. -o h that ' ..,.!! . .- ... .-- em for I - foll.re Hut H-.re la I- . -, al... t lrl o-tl.t give ..a hop.- V . ta l.."le rt to be ..... M t. mi I'.e propnel of e.ll 1 b.M.-ie ..Ml, all .. I earl that a c at future rett ,,.,. for .-but .-but whether It .1 a or rt-a ... i .or dnlv la not allered llowe.-r l-.e I ... tie n.ar go. Ihe e-ldier w .ih v .-r t e nime will wlih utmost i .v-r .1 .... . l.ite.l MSk. .... I bear bin... If n ...I II In detent na In 1 1. I ... 1 I .1... ,, ,. will, we belong lo peopl. a .1 1 ' tie .... yielded to the. raven I...I of being St. II In the ei.-a H at I a hi the gr.al nan Mi., the nil a that bate ex pamled en-l that bate phiye.l a n.'cMv pan In ihe w..r!.l. b..e In tl ,,l grown ell and wenken-.t an. I .....1.-...I Ibonghl ..a In at. .1.1 all .tal.g-r. all effort, ef-fort, who ..,,,,1,1 ri.L, nolhlns and who therefore g ilnr.l nothing In the end Ihe same fat. n-nv oterwhelm all alike; but the mem- rv of the one type perlah.s w IHl II while lb. other le.v.a lis mark deep on 111 history nf all ths future of mankind man-kind A nation that seemingly dl.s msy be le.rn agiin and even though In the physical sense It die utterly. It msy y.t band down a hlstnry of heroic eel. lev., cent, ai d for all lime In come may pro foundly Influence the nallona thai arts. In Its plsce by the Impress of what It has Jnne. H.ai nf all la It to dn our part wall, and at It,, same time tn a.e our blood live young and vital In men and women At tn lake up lt.e leak as we lay tt down: for en shall ear a..d Inherit lha earth, flul If II. I., whl.h la heal. Is denl.d us. then al leaat tt Is nurs to rememb.r that If ws chooee ws can be torch-bearers, as nur fathers were before ua. Ths torch has been hsnd.d nn from nsllon to nation, from clvtlliatlon lo civilisation throughout through-out all recorded time, from Ihe dim yeara before history dawned, down to ths biasing bia-sing spl.ti-btr nf this teeming century nf nurs. Il Is dropped from the hand of Ihe coward snd the sluggsrd, of Ihs man wrapped In luxury nr lova of ease. Ihe man whoaa soul wss eaten awav by aelf-Indulgenre: aelf-Indulgenre: II hss been kept alight only hv Ihoe. who w.re mighty of heart and running of hand. What they worked at. providing. It was worth doing al all. waa nf no leis mslt.r than how they worked, whether In Ihe realm of the mind nr the realm of the body. If their work was good. If what Ihey achieved wss of substance, sub-stance, then high success wss reslly theirs. Itrtngth With Morality. In ths first psrt nf this lecture t drew cerlsln snslogles between what hn.l occurred oc-curred tn forms nf animal life through Ihe pr.te.alon of the agea on Ibis planet, snd W-Ul hss occurred snd la occurring lo the treat arlin.-lal civilisations whh-h have era. h ...Ily spread oyer the worlds surface during Ihe thousands of vears that h.ue rhip.'-d sin..- clll.s of temples slot poU. cs first rose lie. I. Is lha Nile and Ihe y rates, and the harlaire of Mlnoan Crete hrt.tled with the masla of Ihe Aegean rrafl. Uul of course Ihe parallel Is Hue only In Ihe roughest and most general way. Moreover, even Itetwe. s the civilisations nf tttday and Ihe cltllliatlnna of ancient time, th.re are dlfrr.-m-ea an profound that we muat lea csutk.us tn drswlng any conclusions for Ihe pre.. nl baaed on what haa happened hap-pened Is the paat. While freely admit-tu. admit-tu. I- all nf our follies and weakneasea of today, II Is yst mere perversity lo refuse tn realise lbs Inrrrdlhle advsncs Hint has been made In ethical staudarda. I do nol brll.ve that th.re la lbs slightest necessary nec-essary connecllnn between any weakening weaken-ing of vtrlle force and llita advance In the moral standard, this grnwth of th sense of nbllgattnn In nne's neighbor and of reluctance tu dn that neighbor wrong W need tiava at-ant patience with Hint silly cynicism which Insists lhat kindliness kindli-ness of character only accompanies weakness of chsracter. tin Ihe contrary. Juet sb In private life many nf the tn.-n t.r Biroiigesl chatacl.r ar the very men of loftiest and moat exalted tnornllty. so I hell.ve that In national Uf. as Ihe ages go by we shall And lhat the permanent national types will more and more tend t,.ar. la those In which, while the Intel, led stands high, character stands higher. In which rugged strength su.l coutag.-. rusced capacity tu realat wtongful ag. gieaal. n by olltera, will go hand In hand Willi a lofly acorn of doing wrong to oil. .rs This Is the type of Tlmolc.tn. of HnmpUm. uf Washington and 1. 1. . ..In These Wire as gond nun. na disinter, att-d and iins-nish n.cn. as ever served a state, and II, ev were nl... as alrona men na el.r founded nr anted a stale H irely such examples prove thai there Is nolhlns nolh-lns Clnptnn In our effort to rntnhlnti I'tsllt-e and strength tn the siime nation The r. ally high civ mentions iiiust Ihctn-scltes Ihctn-scltes supply the antidote tu the self In-d.ilseiice In-d.ilseiice an. I love or ease which Ihey lent) lo produce. Problems of Modern Nations. Kvrtv modern civilised natlnn has many an. I terrible problems to solve within Its own Lnr.lers. problems thai aria., not iii.-t.Iv front Juxtaposition of toteily slid ,1, I ts but .specially Itoui the self , on-a. on-a. lo.isnexs of both poterlv and riches l .t.h tiallon must deal vvllh these mat. I. ,. In Its own fashion, and yet the spirit lit w I I- I. the problem la approached muat ev. r 1." fiiiulamenially the same It I, ui. I be a spirit of blond humanity: of l.r..tl.rt Iv klii.lne.a. of a. u e of re. ap.tiitlhlHty. one for each and each for til. ui.il at ihe ssitie tlnin a spirit aa re. u. .1. is Ihe p.. lea from every form of w itl-t-e'S and seiilliiicntallly As In war to p.. I. Ion Ihe , a lo tin cruel ttr .i.i: to Ihe brave man whose life hla ..,,,.,.,11.1. Jeopatdlsea. bo It, civil affair. It revolting every ptlmlph- of , ,eil the feeble and dull willed, a rewal.l wbl. h Is really the r.,l.h..ty of what hti.i.-r. wlaer, abler men hats earned 'llo ....Iv effat-llto wuy lo help any man la b, help hint lu help bin. a, It; and Ihe aula! I. "on I,, teach l.llt, I. that lo. tall l. permanently helped al I be ei.. i,. of a . tie viae. True Utterly ehowa ll.t ir to l,..,l advantng. In protecting the rights of oti.-rB. and sbih-cIuIIv of mlliotlll.-a privilege al.oi.l.l p., tolerated be, .. It Is t" the advantage of a minority, nor yet t e. nUBC It la to Ihe Hdianlage of 11 iniil.nlv. Nn doctrinaire n,,.,,,,., f I rights nr f.ee.lum ,,f contract ran si. it.. I In the way of nur cutting nut ,,l, ... from Hie body pollllc. Jual a little lit-tle ,.,ii wa afford tti follow the doctrinaires doctrin-aires "f an Impossible -nod Incidentally of a ' Ibly it nth-si rn hie - Social revolution whi. i In destroying hull, l.l.ial Hul, la Hi,. ; " properly right.) tin,! the r.iiu. Ily, , ...Id dealloy the two chief agenls In i be advance of mankind, and Ihe two chief teaaons why either Ihe a, Italic or the preaeivatlon nf mankind Is worth while It Is an evil and a dieudMI thing to he callous tn sorrow and suffering, and I, lit,, I lo nur duty lo do all things p.. sail, Is for the betterment nf aoclul ouulitlona hut II Is an unspeakably foolish thing lo strlte tor this beiierment by menus so dcstni.llve that hy wu,i ,.nVB ,. ,1.1 ir.ndltlnn. to heller. In dealing with jl iheae ao.ui pr,, ,,. iiiij. mate telatlun. f fUIllnVi wllll In private uaa and business use, wllh labor, la-bor, with poverty, the one prime necessity neces-sity Is In remember lhat. though baldness bald-ness of heart Is a great evil. It I. nu greater an evil than soilness of head. Uul In a, billion to these problems lbs n -t 'Tii;,.,t. and Imp -rtant of i.tl J t. : l I, to .. l.i,-., or less .1. .r.-e T. ll - r - t, .t r. ,i h..,.- . . r .' ! t i . . - i t I r . , I . ,. i. . .,1 , I ' ' ' 1 .'d wt'l'h nit'-Ht' alien I I I- i . nl, a . It ,iir ni. ti mure an- i ' ' ... .- it . wn. on .1. aim in. or ' ' . l-.l ..e,,,lv at'.. ,1 f.. in, Ihe bar- nil. h .n.r p. opt.. I. ft b. bind usee tl I t el, able ,1,11b nllt Tier , anliol I... sotted bv th. f l.l, ..-oil.,,. ,,l.;it, of a",. at tuh. people, wllh little paiettl re. p.... and Iht.ae cut and dtlt .1 theories of 11- polllb-at noraerv nhl. It have auch 111,;!.. I applicability null. I the crnah of el,. ,,tal force Neither can Ihev be ...I, .l hv Ih taw hrulAlltv of the men wl... whether al home or on the roush fi, .utter nf ell luxation, sd-.pt might a th- only slsndnrd of right In dealing with other men. and treat alien races only ao euhle. la for exploitation No hard and ts.t rule can be draw-n as differ from one another far more widely wide-ly than .oma nf Hum differ from us Hut Ih. r. are one or two rules which must n.. be forgott.n In Ihe long run. there ran na nn ptetinratton for one rare man-sglng- nr controlling snntti.r ttnl... lha manaaem.nl and control ate ea.rct..d In Ih. Inter, ,t and for Ihe benefit of thai other race This Is whst nur people, hate In the main done, and must on-Units on-Units In lha future In even greater degree de-gree to do. In India. K.gtpl, and Ihe I'litl-Iptlnes I'litl-Iptlnes alike. In Ihe next place, as re-gants re-gants every race, everywhere, at home nr abroad, we rannnt afford In deviate from the great rule of rlghteouat.eas which, bids us Irest esch msn on his worth as a man. He must not be sentimentally senti-mentally favored because he belong lo a given race; he must not he given Immunity Im-munity In wrnng-dnlng, or permuted to cumber lha .round, nr given other prlvl-legea prlvl-legea which would be denied In lha villous and linflt amnng Ihemeelvea. tin Ihe other bend, where ha acts In a way whh-l- would entitle htm to respect and reward If h wera nf our nwn stock, ha Is pisl aa much entitled to lhal respect and reward If he cornea of another Btok. even thnugh that nlher atnek produce, pro-duce, a much smaller prnporttnn nf men nf his type It, an dors our own. This hss nothing lo do with aoclsl Intermit, gllug. with what la called social e.piallly II has lo dn merely with lha queatlnn of doing do-ing to each msn and each woman that eh mentary Juallce which will permit blm or her lo gain from life the reward wbl, It should alwava accompany thrift, sobriety. self.eontr.,1. reai-cl fnr lha rial, 'a nr others, and hard and Intelligent Intelli-gent wotk lo a given end To more than such lual treatment nn man Is entitled, ami l.-aa than such Just tresttnent no man sh ,ld receive. Duty of Nation lo Nation. Tl e other tvpa nf duty la lha Interna, (tonal duty, the duly owed by one nation na-tion In another. I bold lhal lha laws of Inotalllv whlrh should govern Individuals Individu-als In their dealings one with the other are Jost as binding cntu-arnlng natlnnf In their d.-allnra nne with lha oilier. The application of lha moral law mual la dirr.-l.-nt In th two rases, because In one case It tiss, and In ths nlher II has nol. Ihe sanction nf a civil law wllh forte behind II. The Individual ran depend for his rights upon Hi courts, which themselves them-selves d.-rlvs Iheir fore, from II, polite power nt the alata. Th nation can de-and de-and iiiain nothing of Ihe kind; and therefore, aa tltli.a are now. It t ll, hlkhrst duty of the moat advanced and freest peoples In keep themselv-ea In such a state ot readies, na tn forbid In any b. Hsu, nr tbap. .11. tit lha hops nt nr. resting the progresa ol the world hv sulking sul-king tlown Ihe nations thai lead In Hull .,..e,... would l, foollah Imbed In p.tv he.-.l lo Ihe unwlB. peraona who de. all., distil It, amcnt It begun by the very plea alia, of nil oil, era. should not l. left helpless l f re any possible to... Hul we must r prol.ni. iptiie ns aliongly both the lenders and Ihe peoples nciicrslun and Inbiulty by the strong nt the evp.-ne. r III weak. We should tol-tl.tle tol-tl.tle lawl, aatieas and wIckedliesB neither l.t- Ihe weak nor hy the strong; and both weak and a, tons we should In retura Heal wllh scrupulous fslruesa. Th. foreign for-eign nollcy of a great and s.-ir r..teelliig co.tnirv should be rondiict.d on exactly the Name plane nf honor, of Inalaiem upon one's nwn rights and nf rea..-ct for ll- rtshts nf others, as when a brat- and honorable man la dealing with hla (el-Iowa (el-Iowa I'ermll ma to support this statement state-ment nut of my own experience. l-'or ti. mlv eight years I wss Ihe head of a gloat nation snd charged especially wllll Ihe , lutl or II foreign policy, and dutli.g Iho.. yeata I look nn action Willi tel. r.-n, a lo any other people on Ihe lace of the earth thai I would not have felt In. tilled In taking aa an Individual In ,1. ,ln. a will, otb.sr Individual.. I la-llcte thllt wa of II,. great civilised ,, ...I.. ua ol lodny Lev. a right to feel that long careeia of achievement He before t.-ral count rle. To each of ua Is t h.i.r.-d the honorable prltll.ge of doing do-ing hla purl, however small. In that work. I,.! u. suite hardily tor surceaa. even II I. t ao doing we rlak rnlliire. apiirultig lb. t.r k.,,,1. nr email endeavur whn know It. Itht-r f ill, ire nor ail. . . .. I .el its hope that ...il own blood el, .,11 continue II, I be land that nur chlhlien and .1.11-ilt. .1.11-ilt. i,-a ,1,11. In n In en, 11, aa gcnert.ll, ins si,, .11 arl-c to lake nur places and play a mlvbl, and ilouiliji.nl purl In the world Hul whclher ll.ls bs denied or granted by Ih. M.,1. we ahull Hot Bee. let lit bust the -ill.l:,. II e ours lhat we huve eurtlid onward the lighted lurch In nur ,l.ty a, 1. 1 gei.iralloli. If w It,,.. th. ,. its nur eyes cl. ... and wa gn out lot. i Ho, ilaikiuss. and olli.r hands grasp lb. l-.l. h. nt least wa can say that our putt has been burns well slid valiantly. |