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Show r BABES of the hilib. SHOCKING CONDITION IN COTTON FACTORIES. IThmm Cblldkoed Stockholders That Crlaa to Does It lulinl Is Grow- May Klch - fttn Am Tbt aad XtU Baana (Special Letter.) either in force or Inevitable in the near future. The white man, to whom the test Is not applied, has not the stimulus that the negro has to learn to read. This aspect of the question would lift it out of the region of purely ecoaomle or business consideration to a plane of the widest public concern. In Alabama the proportion of young children to grown workers la between 8 and 7 per cent. In Augusta, Ga, a count was made In June, 1900, through eight mills and 558 children under 12 were found working. Statistics bearing on the subject are hard to obtain, but that child labor Is a factor In the industrial situation appears evident from the fact that thirty mill presidents appeared before the Georgia legislature in opposition to a measure regulating such labor." surprise the reader to be told that In the cotton mills of the country children of 6 and 7 years are work-in- f 11 hours a day; that In order to perform their tasks with greater ease, for which they are paid as high as 10 cents a day. they call upon younger brothers or sisters to help them, and ,that when weary and sleepy with their tasks the din of the machinery and TREASURES OF MARCIANA. the heavy atmosphere they are revived by haring cold water dashed Into their Tke huoTiM False to Be Their faces? These are the facta brought out by Irene M. Ashby, who investigated the condition of the cotton mills of Alabama. " "Often the whole family, except the baby actually In the cradle, is In the mill," says the writer. "Two or three of I years or older might be on the pay roll, but the youngest paid worker can - get. through her work at 10 cents a " day with more ease if she has her little brother of 0 to help her. I hare seen a boy under 4 beginning his life of drudgery by pulling the yarn off bobbins to make bands. A manager courteously conducting me through the mill would often explain: These little ones are not working; they are helping their brothers and sisters.' I accepted the explanation until it dawned on me how numerous . were these wee unpaid assistants. It is a biting comment on the dehumanising nature of competition that generally and humane men should be willing to profit by the labor of lit-tl- e children without even a wage return for their work. "At one place I heard of children, working on the night shift, turned out for some fault at 2 oclock In the morning, allowed by a compassionate clerk to go to sleep on a bench in the office, as they were afraid to go home. Ladles told me of a common sight In the mill cottages; children lying face downward on the bed sleeping from exhaustion. Just as they had come in from the night shift, too utterly weary even to remove their clothea "A friend of mine in Atlanta, Ga., thinking of giving some of these little children a treat, asked S number "out to her place in the country and turned them into tb woods to play. -- What was her distress and amazement to find they did not know what the wood or the thing meant. I And dividends from these- - mills ate used probably for philanthropy, temperance and missions. I even heard of one myj Sunday school where the children were told that God had Pot it Into the hearts of good men kind-heart- ed Reev- ing Place. Venice will Lavers of remember, some time ago, a cry in the press, particularly in England, about the Doges palace going more or less to ruin, and that the great Marciana library, houses In it, was much too heavy to be safe. It Is not my intention here to reopen the question, which was never really cleared up, but to chronicle that at last the library la about to be removed to its rightful resting place, the Sansovino palace, erected on purpose to hold it In 1812 It was removed from there to the Doges palace by a decree of Napoleon, but has always seemed out of its element as it were, the rooms not being adapted for such a purpose. The collection is one of the most precious of rich Italy, there being 800,000 volumes, 100,000 pamphlets and 11,000 manuscripts, most of them of inestimable, value. Tradition states that the nucleus of the library of St Marks was ' a present made by Petrarch of some of his own works to the city; but history has it that the beginning was when Cardinal Bessarione turned over his collection, nearly 800 volumes, to Venice, in 1468, the latest additions being from suppressed monasteries in the provinces. Among lbs most ancient MSS. - are the Greek Evangelll' of the eighth gentury, apd an Old Testament of the hinth. Perhaps more interesting are the secular MSS. of the thirteenth and later centuries, illustrated by odd little figures of horsemen and salats. There is a "Dlvina Commedla, with grotesque figures, of the first half of the fourteenth century. There is a notable code of Hamed, of the thirteenth century, with Turks depicted in full costume, and a fragment of a Persian poem of i the fifteenth- - sntqrys7The autographs are precious to a. degree. There is' one of , Cardinal Bqssarfone, the "Dialogues" of Tasso, writings of Galileo, Sarpl and, more recent, of Goldpni, to mention only one or two. Othoka which can I choose- - to mention? Epistles" ofCicero. printjd Jn 1469; "Poems, Songs and Triumph of Petrarch, Anted 1470; the first sample of printing of Nicola Jarison,' and so on. Space forbids me to mention more, but I have given an idea of what treasures the library contains. Romaq correspondence of the Pall Mall Ga zette. . Antl-Smokl- presmee of Theatrical TOPIC-- O'NEILL AN1 por-sibil- s' y i 3 FORREST. Controversies concerning ... James O'Neill's alleged criticism on drama of today, brings to mind sn incident which happened when he was a beginner, or at least during the early "Virgtnlus, the title role of which was played by Edwin Forrest ONeill had the part of Icillus, and being a good actor, even then, did some splendid work in the character, which the star duly appreciated. As he passed Forrests dressing room one night after ths end of the play, be beard the ctar expressing dissatisfaction at something, in grumbling tones, and caught the sound of his own name. The next few minutes were very anxious onea to the young actor. Hearing Forresta dresser passing his door, he waylaid the man, and dragging him Into hla own room, asked in worried accents: "What did the old men say about tne a little while ago? I heard him apeak my name in no gentle voice. The answer which dispelled his vague feare, was: O, he was saying that if young O'Neill gets rid of that damn Irish brogue of his, he'll make a good actor sometime." te BIBLICAL FLATS. If all the plans of the moment are perfected, the etage will be filled with Biblical characters in another years time. Stephen Phillips has stated definitely that the play he ia writing for Edward S. Willard, is based upon the David and Bathsheba incident, and that the one he is preparing for Julia Marlowe is to have Mary Magdalene for its central figure. More imminent still is a play Mrs. Flake says she will produce before the year is out with the same Mary as its dominating per- I Ul T, feplstle frees the Biographer ef ' I Oliver Cromwell. An unpublished and most character- - ' lstlc letter of Carlyle's has recently appeared la the London Times. He bad been asked to subscribe toward thei raising, at 8t Ives, of a statue to the. Protector, and hla adherence was qualified with no little ferocity for the people who presumed to celebrate at the same time Cromwell' and "King eon, the great railroad speculator. The project tof the Cromwell monument lapsed, and St jjvea waited until the other day for a memorial of Its greatest citlsen. The dedication, the assures Times correspondent us, passed off without the ocean of flummery and mere idle balderdash which Carlyle deprecated. The btogadpher of Cromwell writes: My privats opinion, I confess, is that the present generation of Englishmen who have filled their towns with such a set of public statues as were never before erected by any people, ugly brazen images (to mere commonplace adventurers with titled on them, gnd even sometimes to mere paltry' scoundrels, worthy of immediate oblivion only), and who have winded up their enterprise In the statue' or memorial line by subscribing 25,000 to a memorial for King Hudson am not " likely to do themselves or anybody much good by setting up statuea to Oliver Cromwell I fear they have forfeited the right to pretend to remember Cromwell In a publlo manner. Cromwells divine memory, sad, atern, and earnest as the gods, says virtually to them, Forget me and pass on, y unhappy canaille; carry your offering! to King Hudson and strive to emulate him! Nevertheless, I have privately resolved, if such a thing do go on, to subscribe my little mite to it on occasion, and to wish privately that It tnay prosper much better than I can with any assurance hope. ' I think it will be very difficult to avoid the Introduction of such an ocean of flummery and mere idle balderdash Into the affair (If the public are fairly awoken to ft) aa Will be very distressing to any one whS feels how a Cromwell ought to be honored by the nation that produced him. New York Evening Poet ' A VAST NAVAL Time PROGRAM. ef Peer Fra nee Prepare Poeelbt War, "In time of peace prepare for war" la an Society, ' ; "l" -- fe- !( la With the Inspiring title of the Red Brotherhood, a league hae been founded to band together boys who are open to promise that they will not commence smoking until they are at least yi sixteen years of age. There can be no ' question as to ths harm inflicted upon Jt . tb rising generation by indulgencs in the smoking habit Taking its title o ., f from the watchwords. Real Example v i V " and Determined, the Red Brotherhood t has been formed that boys themselves - r V si 1 may meet the evil without calling in the assistance of state legislation, as has been found necessary in otbsr f countries. The organization alms at extrsme simplicity in its working, and boya of every class and creed are In.' f e- - ' vited to become members. There are no feet, and there will be no public - appeal for money. To Join the Red JULIA MARLOWE. Brothers boys must visit or writ to la soon to appear in the character of Mary Magdalene.) (She the warden of the society, St Hughs, Penzance, simply making the promise: tonage, and with Judas Iscariot as an the newspaper man, with a quizzical "I will hot smoke until I km sixteen important individual in the action. twinkle In his eye, asked:- yean old.". , A badge sad additional Sudermaan is believed to be the author "And bow long have yon been a genInformation will then be supplied. of the play. In England a pair of play- tleman?" London Express. wrights, Rudolph de Cardova and Mra. "Just three years," was the answer. Alicia Ramsay, are writing a play of the title, "Mordecai, the Jew. Yankee la Buela. ' STAGE whispers. An American company has received More than 300 new plays by French as kibdek construct a street rail"capt. mollt." a franchise to The first performance of "Molly authors will be produced before June 1 way llnd in St Petersburg which innext " volves building sn enormous bridgs Pitcher by Kathryn Kidder and her Charles Henry Meltzers play The in N. company the Elizabeth, J., over the River Neva. The whole cost First Duchess of Marlborough," Is other evening proved a notable occaof the enterprise U estimated" at meeting with much success on the rubles. The franchise has alroad. ready received the sanction of M. The late Robert' Buchanan left - beWitte, the minister of finance. In hind him some finished plays, one of financial circles it is believed that this which, "The Good Old Times," may be will have a powerful political and ecoproduced in London next spring. on the future of Russia nomical effect "Robert Emmett, an Irish play, and the United States. M. Witte cerwoven around the love and patriotism tainly Is anxious to develop a connecof that young Irish hero, and written tion between the two countries and by Brandon Tynan, ia now in preparawill have DiT'hesHatlon in doing so tion for productions even at the expense of France, though Cecil Raleigh Is writing a melotwo strings to his bow will be better. drama for Mrs. Langtry. It is, said to deal with certain incidents In the life A OltlnpM at tM Buk EarUad. , of the Aciros-an- d will he cslted"A Tfce BanI of'En gland ' is a pretty" Womans Tragedy." healthy institution, with a capital of a According to her own say-sCalve little over 872,000,000 and a surplus of returns thinner, in better health and about 216,000.000, yet the governor reyolce, thanks to last year's rest, and ceives a salary of only 10,006 a year.' a better Christian, a closer acquaintOur smallest city banks pay as much ance With Turks and Egyptians having as that to their presidents. The' pay of cured her of her tendencies toward Its 24 directors is (2,500 each per anPantheism, and other Theosophy num. The bank is a vast building, things. one story high, and perfectly isolated! Theodore Burt author of There la not a window to be seen in "Tom Moore in which Andrew Mack KATHRYN KIDDER, its walls. Its offices- are lighted from is starring at the Herald Square, has the roof or from the nine inner courts lion. The state of New Jersey, which started to write a new play for Mr. and garden. At night a detachment Of enjoys the distinction of possessing ths M4ck year from now. Its site of the battle of Monmouth, where scene will be laid In America and Mr. the Foot Guards, commanded by a captain, watches over the safety of the the brave Molly distinguished herself, Mack will break Sway from Ireland "Old Lady of Threadneedie Street" officially recognized the evert by the and be an Ameriran officer. 00 JUST UKE CARLYLE, ct, ee 'I AFTER THE DAYS WORK. (Too tired to undress, the little ones throw themselves on their beds and fall asleep.) . to open a cotton mill that they might earn money so as to be able to put a nickel into the missionary box!" The Worth It Colpebl. Nor does the culpability belong wholly to the South. In 1887 a law wag passed in Alabama limiting the hours of childrens work in factories to eight a day. - At the Instigation of Massachusetts mill owners the law was repealed in December, 1894, on their proiplse to establish a factory in Alabama. Today the mills thus eetab-.- .. lished are working at least fifty children under 12 years old for 11 hours a day. ' - - 1 This Is not ga Isolated Instance. Much of the opposition to the passage of a protective law through the Southern legislatures is made by representatives of Northern corporations, who are taking full advantage of the of child labor. When a bill regulating child labor was before the Alabama legislature the mill owners' opposition to the measure in the senate was represented by a lawyer, who was also the president of a cotton mill, the owners of which are "phllanthorp-ic- " Northern people a corporation of clergymen and a railway attorney! In eleven mills I visited, owned by , Northern capital, says the writer, "there were twice as many children . under 13 as iq thirteen mills owned by Southern capital. - The total .number of children under 12 In the mills of Alabama, Including the unpaid helpers, "I CoCjputed to be 1,200. This number is not stationary or diminishing; on the contrary, it Is steadily increasing and the experience of other Southern states prove, that It is. The Color Feeter. "The question has a graver complication in Alabama and throughout the South than it has in any other part of the world. It is inseparably connected with the color problem. The rapidly growing mill population la entirely composed of white people. The (Illiterate negro sends his child to school; the illiterate white sends his to the cotton mill In most of the Southern states an educational test for voting is Gov. Voorhees, the CHINA. and several other high of- CHANGES IN ficial and Mr. Grover Clevdand also accepted an Invitation THE UNO OF THE DRAGON MAKING to tttend Excursion trains were PROGRESS. run t Elizabeth from all parts of New Jersey, and the town of Freehold, wherl the battle was fought, sent a KIum4 MUaloaery Telle ef tb specUl delegation of Its citizens. ef Tkre Wan Says Ame4 lavaeloa Ban Ceased Waay Reform, la tb Empire. ' I MIMS WILCOX'S LATEST. Wheeler Wilcox is to the fore The Rev. E. E. Aiken, a missionary again with another very ilever vaudeville Iketch comedy, this time. Mias who lost his wife in China, ia now in Mati Keene, for shorn the sketch this country with his two children. was trltten, has Just finished rehearsWhile engaged in hi work in China, als fq sn early production. A dress Invariably wore the native costume, as rehearsal the other day revealed Miss It gsva him greater opportunity of Keenl in the principal role, that of a access to ths people he sought to servs. onue lawyer, and one carrying many He has appeared before American auwitty and breezy tinea, which Mias diences In the asms costume. Mr. Keen whose own personality le noth- Aiken says the Chinese now regard the ing tt not breezy, reads with unction boxer movement as having utterly coland Bturalnebs. lapsed. They now entertain a kindlier Mis Wilcox's clever and convincing feeling toward Christinas than they ways of putting truths, a atylaaU her have done at any previous time. The own, I splendidly exemplified in this, passing of the storm of war and masher Host recent sketch. Miss Keene, sacre Is to be followed by n brighter with er usual and at the same time day than has yet dawned upon "the with many land of Slnlm." Speaking of the Chinnusm), by comparison otber versatility makes her self over nese people, he says: "It could hardly be expected that a into lie character itself. H versatile power ought, to be great, ancient and conservative race valuaile to some manager of a stock should change their religious beliefs com PE y. instead of touring in a van-deand customs, and adopt Christianity without a struggle. In the recent upsketch in one role only. rising In north China, we aee history '.1 repeating Itself; yet the power of ttE JOURNALIST'S SATIRE. Christianity in the world la now so A Mwepaper mans satirical definigreat that it does not seem possible tion, g s "gentleman" (possibly hav- for religious persecution to go to the ing i mind some certain one whom lengths which it reached in many forbe JM met) was: mer instances. Witness ths way in "A entleman is a man w)so has no which persecution has already been employment, and who has plenty of stopped and the wrongs of many native money to spend." Christiana righted through ths interWhfie in London he met an actor ference of Western nations. , whom he had known in America. After Moreover, the experience of the greetings were over, during which he past ia China has been that the war noted that the erstwhile actors with Great Britain in 1842, the war and surroundings Indicated with Britain and Trance In 1860, and the possession of wealth, and that hla the war with Japan In 1894, each sucmann was that of one in high social cessively resulted in opening the emposition, he said: pire tar more than before to commerce WSB, what are you doing nows-Jyand modern civilization, as well as to missions. The uprising of 1900, It It 7'a doing nothing Im a gentle- true, differed from all that had gone man, laughed his old acquaintance. before in that it represented a tremen Takhg lq the situation somewhat. doua popular movement in reaction against everything foreign. Christianity Included. The fact that, as such, it has totally tailed, must be as appar REV. E. B. AIKEN, rent to the Chinese themselves as it Is to all the world; and, notwithstanding the anarchy which still prevails In some districts, there are already sign of beneficen! results, Bee Betters Way. "No lawyer of the last century took such liberties with tb court as Gen. Butler," said a Bostonian. He ran riot over Judges and juries, and In hi later yeara was even petted and humored by opposing counsel. I happened to be ia court on an occasion when he was defending a client charged with a most serious offense against the community. The esse attracted great attention. On the third day the defendant did not appear and the Judge asked Butler to be good enough to produce him. It la Impossible, your honor, said the general. But the business of the court The learned counsel must proceed will produce the defendant, aald the Butler Judge severely. repeated: Tour honor, it Is impossible. Tb defendant is not in my keeping. After a consultation with him last night I came to the conclusion that he was guilty and felt it was my duty, as his legal adviser, to warn him to leave the state Immediately. He departed, your honor, without informing me of his The jury laughed outdestination. right, .and me solemn Judge had to retire to his room to conceal his ris- ible." Turkish Sallee's Mistreat. The Turkish sultans mistrust of every one is sometimes carried to a degree bordering on Insanity. For example, alien Kadri Pasha, whom he had disgraced aod appointed vail ol Adiianople, dle his remains were to he Interred af Constantinople. The coffin containing the body was on the way'to tbeTurklsbc(ipIlalalien the sultan suddenly ordered that it should be sent back to the place whence it came, a suspicion having suddenly arisen In his mind that perhaps Kadri Pasha was not dead after all, but that he was attempting lying In a coffin to gain admission to the capital in order to conspire against his master. -- xiora which France haa made the basla of her new naval program. This program provides for the construction of 100 new fighting ahlpa as an addition to a navy which in aiz and effectiveness is second only to Great Britain's. The first of these ships has already been launched. It It the Leon Gambetta, and will cost about (6.000,000." It will be Been, therefore, that France means not merely to build the new ships but la resolved that no expense shall be spared in making them the best of their class. Although England is mistress of the seas by virtue of her immense naval establishment and maritime spirit, French naval constructors have no superiors in the world, and French war vessels are inferior to none, Indeed, it is conceded that, next to the United States. France Is more progressive in naval construction than any other nation, has less veneration lor old and more hospitality for new ideas than most, and In this respect is far ahead of England, where conservatism Is strongly entrenched in the Admiralty. When the French republic shall have realized its ambitious plans, it will have little fear from any single nation; but this program will put a burden on Great Britain it the policy to maintain a narjr of an effective strength equal to any two ether nations is to be maintained. - . T Beet gager le Colorado. The beet sugar factories already in operation lq Colorado will produce in ths next three or four months enough sugar to satisfy all demadds of every man, woman and child in Colorado and thousands in adjoining sections. And there will not be the slightest danger of any Lricka of re finer of the east In adulterating the saccharine product On the contrary, not only will augar that Is sugar be shipped to all, but the price will be steadier than has ever been known, for the people will not be tt the mercy of a rapacious trust The Independent augar producers of Colorado will pay out to farmers for sugar beets this year nearly (2,000, Due and Wilt also disburse over (500,000 to employes and others. With the freight rates and other necessary disbursements, it Is reasonable to believe that the new industry will add (4,000,000 to the fund of prosperity of the state. And the best part of it all Is that nearly all of thla money will be put Into circulation in Colorado." It will form an endless chain of good times, the beneficent results of which will be felt in every walk af life In the Next year it is extremely likely that the sugar beet average will be more than double, and the outlays by the factory owners Increased accordingly. Denver Republican. Sewing Birds. Most curious are the sewing or tailor birds of India little yellow things not much larger than ones thumb. To escape falling a prey to snakes and monkeys the tailor bird picks up dead leaf and flies up Into a tree, and The Letrat Flmal Wonder. with a fiber for a thread and Its bill , The newest horai wonder Is the for a needle sews the leaf to a green "Shasta daisy, originated by a flower one hanging from the tree; the sides California. of It measures sewed a an grower up, art opening to the nest foot In circumference, and, --when one thus formed beinj left at the was exhibited recently in a florist's That a nert is swinging in the f window In San Francisco, people liter- snake or monkey or even mai see it. t suspect ally flocked to "3 V |