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Show JQ Z How Itlay and Austria " Are Waging War In the j Higher Alps How the J Sinews of War Are Lifted 2! To the Summits - Mar- j J velous Endurance of the JVIen of Both Armies. if Copj riht, 191 1 I International i Sj Dales to. -!W I K HEN one speaks of tho pres- I Mm. B cnt war now lnvo,vln6 nearly IttJ all mC ill". . i .salon I '"of I more frequently used than "hich I ILny 'h,r lb "ln lno trenches." for u hut phrase 1j ::s become indicative n a botn of thl lne ;,r"' ,ho llfo of 1 tho foldiers Whatever may be tho 'real 1 a;-,'",: 1 ' 'he hardships and tho e 1 dangers of beln : "In the tranches" on oU I the French border they can hardly ifflH jcompare with tho difficulties, tho hor- H of nber I your re'. "T"l - id U U 8 ?' N I . at V rors and tho rlaka incident to tho war-Care war-Care ulong the battlefront that acalai peuka of eternal miow and lco which .iru on tho border between Austria .ind Italy. There cllmatlo condltloua aro more severe, cxposuro more destructive de-structive to life and health, and greater great-er diillcultles ln providing for creature comforts and sanitation aro experienced. experi-enced. Around these and other natural nat-ural obstacles tho huge Implements of modern warfare must bo manned and utilized, but tho bravery and the endurance en-durance of the men have mot all these obstructions and they hnvo carried into mountain passes and ln tho evor-laatlng evor-laatlng glaciers tho present methods of conducting tho war "ln the trenches." They have burrowed under the snow and made temporary dwell-i dwell-i Ing places beneath tho glaciers, ln these dugouts tho men have eaten their tinned rations, mended their j clothes and made their reports with I as much regularity as If they were down on level ground. In odd mo-I mo-I ments they lay ln their blankets on I tho icy floor and gaze out the entrance I o!o upon tho snowy wastes. JLofty Mountains Scaled. Rugged, broken and lofty throughout through-out its whole length tho Austro-Itallan frontier touches tamo of the highest i ground ln Europe, eupoclully at Its northwest corner where Auatrla and Italy abutt upon Switzerland. At that point there aro mountains of ten thousand, eleven thousand and twelve thouiwind foot ln altitude, aDd there fighting goes on not merely among the rocks but on the glaciers and lco slopes. Troops are scattered abovo the snow lino and guns are emplaccd high up on tho glaciers. Even In summer at these points one must wear fur coats and uso sklis. In winter the weather is almost unbearable, yet the warfare goes on and all sorts of modern accessories ac-cessories have been hauled over tho nnow to tho summits. Great shells have been lifted up tho mountain Hides, hand gronades and barbed wire entanglements aro ln uso- Telaphonei have been installed In fact, all the implements of modern warfare have been brought up to the eternal snow clad peaks. The Tdeferlc. Batteries of artillery aro planted on tho ice, and at times the 6now runs red with blood as the men fight on tho slopes. Hundreds dlo of exhaustion and from loss of blood beforo they can bo reached for "no man's land" on tho Ice Is not easy of access and even when a wounded man Is picked up It Is no easy task to carry him to a dressing station over tho ice-covered rocks. Sending him down to tho hospital is oven more difficult, for this is done by what Is known as the "teleforlc" a wire ropo railway upon which Is hung a basket suspended from grooved wheels. Tho system is ono used in many parts of the world for hauling passengers and merchandise up the mountains and across chasms. Owing to tho steepness of tho mountains tho ones used by tho Italian army are built in sections one above tho other ; that la, ono section runs to a certain point where a transfer Is mde to ono running higher up and until tho do-sired do-sired height is reached. On ono or two of thoso teleferlcs eight changes art made. Tho wounded aro mado As comfortable as possible but the shaking up they undergo Is not con-duolVO con-duolVO to the comfort of a man with , shattered logs or bullet torn body. To I the well person the teloferlc does not look uncomfortable nor is It uncomfortable uncom-fortable except on windy days when I tho car coming down may be blown I against tho ono coming up. which gives ono a harrowing feeling, especially espe-cially when tho car Is hanging over a chasm. Sometimes the winds blow a gale for days at a time which, of course, delays the movlug of the mm-2 wounded and causeB unutterable suffering suf-fering among tho men who with only first aid must remain ln the cold ufttil ( tho wind ceases. The car for carrying passengers Is a sort of tray with metal trelllsed sides about nine Inches high. It Is Just largo enough for two passengers, who must lie huddled In tho bottom spoon fashion with tho feet of ono at the head of tho other. The Iron hooks upon which tho cago Is hung aro Just above them. As the wire rope somo-l somo-l lines sags tho car Is apt to Jolt about and give ono a seasick feeling. It Is safe enough, however, as the wire rope runs ovor a drum at each end of tho course and forms a doublo lino of overhead railway ono car go-Lng go-Lng up whllo the other comes down. Guns Hoisted To Tho Top Of Peaks. All food and ammunition are sont up by this means even big guns, for which purposo a special teleferlo is rigged up. Ropo ladders are also hung on the mountain sldos and the nu n cling to these and climb hun-dredfl hun-dredfl of feet Wherever It is possible wooden nhelters have beon erected where tho men may rest and "thaw out." Theifl are heated, but the smoke is diverted to tho valley as tho enemy might by Its aid bo ablo to loc '- a i ninp and turn their guns on this spot. Men Burled In Tho Ice. All mountain climbers agree that walking over a glacier is no easy task. When viewed from a dlstanco It seems llko a smooth sea of Ice, but once upon Its bosom one encounters crevasses and grcH lumps of bulged up Ice. All the men of tho Alpine Corps both ln the Austrian and Italian army wear spikes on their shoes and carry an Iron pointed pole which they dig ln the Ice to got a firmer hold. Many times patrols aro stnt out ovor tho glaciers and there Is a skirmish. The bodies of the men killed aro rolled Into the crevasses of the glaciers and tho wounded moved buck to camp The lco of the glaciers Is said to keep a body perfectly preserved for years, and as the glacier moves down It carries car-ries tho body with It and finally brings it out at tho tonguo. This has been tho case with bodies of mountain climbers who havo lost their lives by falling Into crevasses. What a gruesome grue-some sight the mountains wfll show when they give up tho hundreds of men whose bodies Ho wedged ln tho! lco. Bayonet duels have frequently taken place on the lco, the dead bodies of tho loaers falling into tho chasms below. Lonely Sentry Duty. Tho observation posts aro high up on some peaks whero the sentry clothed ln white stands guard day and night. His shack Is hidden In a snowbr.nk and thoro from time to time he warms up. There Is not much danger of a night attack ln tho high Alps, consequently con-sequently when night comes ho goes into his shack and pulls himself into a sleeping bag for tho night. His alcohol stove is kopt burning, and from tlmo to timo hot chocolato helps to mako llfo endurable. The men are stationed on mountain duty only about thrco weeks at a time after which they go to the valley for a rest. During Dur-ing mountain oervtcj they rarely Change their clothing or shave, and both officers and men are a shaggy, unkempt lot. Fresh wator Is too precious to bo used and snow Is bad for the skin, consequently there la Little Lit-tle washing done by tho men and a steam bath Is one of the first duties when they roach the valley. Many of tho mountain barracks sot up ln the snowbanks aro wlndowless as warmth Is more prized than ven- j tllatlon. Anything that Is weatherproof weather-proof will do for a uniform, white, of course, being preferred. Good boots j and heavy stockings are of tho greatest great-est importance even with theso tho nKn'H feet are often frozen and have t to bo amputated. When the men come to the shacks from du: 'hey usually gel somcih.ng to t ."U then go to bed Many times their clothing la a mass of ice yet if they are not 1 I wounded and do not fall from ex- haustion they arc rar- 111 und do no I I seem to catch cold. The exercise they ( get when an artillery duel is on scorns to keep them In the prime of condl- tlon. It is shivery work, however. In I the early morning when tho men crawl out of their sleeping bags at I dawn and go out on guard, frequently in a raging snow storm. Avalanches are among the Krcatest ( dangers. The reverberations of tho big guns sometimes loosens the snow i and lco and sends tons of it with rock ' I besides down the mountain side and T ' j I not Infrequently tho men have to bo I dug out. Guns for bringing down air- j craft are also planted on tho summits and In ono or two Instances hostile airplanes have been wrecked far up i on the mountain sides. It is needle to add what was the fate of tht aviator. : H So. a bitter campaign Is being carried car-ried on ln the snow covered moun- j tains and passes and the scenos of tho H conflict are unprecedented in tho history his-tory of tho world While it Is truo that both Hannibal and Napoleon led their soldiers across tho Alps they had no fighting of any consequence whllo on tho Journoy and did not have to keep their men camping In the snow and lco for months. Nor wore they j compelled to worry about tholr food supply for enough to feed tholr men on tho march could bo easily carried along. But today everything pertain-Ing pertain-Ing to warfaro must bo carried up the j mountains and the ingenuity of man I H has solved tho problem. Tho engl-neers engl-neers of the conflicting armies have H been wizards ln road building and In mechanical devices. In short. It has revealed to a wonderful degreo tho resourcefulness, endurance, courage and capacity of both theso nations. MM Tho Austro-Itallan campaign In the mm I Alps will go down ln history as tho 1 I greatest of all mountain warfares MM |