Show yo 1 1 Sl r y 1 t 4 h ra c l y w t I r AM M hr W Ij r A r t or C o jO l I it f J A Law 1 To i Make Ma ke r mr ri P err ct tR 1 s 3 p y 1 z l How Sw Switzerland Expects to Solve t 3 Its Servant and Divorce Problems i id 1 1st d li liy y i I s 's Making by byl by l Making Training to ill Domestic r 1 d t tit Science Compulsory 1 lf o oi ot t i A Ao i iy o 1 y y 2 f jt J 1 4 I I r r F 1 s t t ww A ea i Mg f 7 aYa 4 J l 5 Y e aN d p y r s t Y po F t Rb J Y i 1 v 1 k o hK f s 1 Q x q 1 F i sq F f a a at ah t h aW Q 3 f 9 4 w wt t K 4 S ee T d x E EY Y 1 k L S 4 p t 3 Y tea i b be e L ps 3 v s 9 u W Ati w w YM IN Wilt A Rather primitive types of Swiss peasant girls who will soon be compelled by law y b K I to attend one of the new Public Housewifery Schools y i tAr Ar s sF GIs ft t p 1 J d t F FB N N Switzerland for tor R a long time tim I timI IN thoughtful persons have bave been wor wor- ried over three things which they the feel Ceel to be a serious menace me naco to the happiness hi happiness appl- appl ne ness s and prosperity of the n nation nation tion Ono One of oC them them is i the tho th tendency on the part of young men mn and women to post postpone pone their marriages until they are many years ears older than their own parents were ere when hen the they married Another is the increasing number of marriages which turn out far tar from hap happily pill and find al ais an ending all too often m in inthe inthe the divorce courts And the third Is i one that Is among the th worries of esery eHry e ery civilized civilised na- na nao na nation tion the tion tho growing scarcity of women who arc al e able and willing to cook and clean and do other kinds of housework in anything like an efficient way The Swiss have been pondering these problems long lone and earnestly and now they y halo o lilt hit upon upon p II plan which they belies bello belloe e will solve noc merely one or two Jut but all three of them It IS 11 to compel every girl to be b a II per per- perfect I perI feet housewife to housewife to make mak training in the i 1 roper care ofa of a home universal ersal and to compulsory to require every girl on 1 teaching a certain age to enter a school where she will bo be thoroughly trained in 10 cooking in washing pots and pans l in making beds and in every other house house- household household household hold duty dut Of course it is easy to see set how tal sal al and compulsory training in domestic science w Increase the number of capa cape blo ble capable servants but the Swiss advocates of the tho plan say ay it will also restore the earr car car- ear earlier Her lier age of marriage and reduce the number of divorces to a h minimum I litany Blany young men hesitate to marry they argue because they know the th girls they are aro in to love with are art absolutely un- un unfitted unfitted unfitted fitted to assume arum the management of even evenn evena evena n a small home Therefore they feel It necessary to put Off thel their wedding days daysI I until they are r strong enough financially either to employ servants or to bear the losses resulting res from their lives Ives incompetence i The divorce rate is going upward going upward by leaps and bounds they point out for exactly the same ame reasons because reason so few wives ives are real homemakers The average n man expects when hen he ho metrics malnes to get good neali and to have havo bar his hi home kept with Ith decency and economy When finds he-finds ho finds his wife WICO unable or unwilling to manage mannge a home well marriage quickly loses Its it atti actions for him bim and usually ho he cannot be b divorced too soon oon A bill has already been drafted for making domestic ti universal and compulsory and in several of the th can can- cantons can cantons tons of Switzerland it will wi soon toon become n a law According to the proposed measure ery e hather ery normal Swiss girl eirl no matter what hat her rank no matter whether rich or poor must b before fore she is twenty t give up at least one year of her life lit to fitting herself to be a II good rood wife WICe and mother If she marries anda and a useful member of society whether s-I s acre marries or not During that year which mutt must not be- be begin begin gin until she sh has completed her ele elemental ele- ele mental y education she fh must go BO regular regular- ly regularly to a Public Housewifery School as a adaily daily dally pupil If it her parents can afford to let her live at home If for that they are antoo too poor she tho must live liv in the school and pay so far as she can for her board and ard lodging by helping out of school hours with the housework there The schools al ate aie e to be free Lot foi all classes alike the expense they entail be- be bews mig mg defrayed ed out of the Joint contributions contributions of the state the cantons and the th communes Much of what hat will be b taught in the schools is what in bygone days day gills were taught at home by their own moth moth- Y w Ir 1 v y y f 3 s f tt tS S e r y r t th h S f ff f lA M MW 1 W Y j y t wl p i Fi Fx i S x to t F Fb Fv b v A x s Y Yc c I w wY f Y Yf t I t r rw a as M A I I t w s W YS e es s Miss Miu Gloria Gould Gouldon on the left who needs need no law tp make her understand that even a fashionable heiress to wok cook s f 1 T wo h orne I s Y ys students of sp e y v vr r them and make a good home for them domestic aci ci-cence ci xv r to do her duty also to her country to tow who cence those around her and to herself whether fi find d th their theirl n en marries w she or not l lL suits bathing b Domestic science pupils pupil in a New NewYork s su And when once she is thus fitted the York school Rw s 's as uSk useful fuhl in m inthe supporters of the bill declare we shall t ilia e kitchen kitchens Itc en hear no more of 1 as s on the those thosa social and and anders For tho v ers framers of the bill have t x faced the fact boldly that the a bea beach h tS domestic mother is i no longer to be bo relied upon J lems that t ate ale aleto to teach her daughters housewifery l C now the thc ne ca In Switzerland as ns in this country i k S Sr i r so much m legitimate mate anxiety there are of course cO cour many mothers v who ho I I Many women M ofa t e dl I are now bad d do tea teach c h their i 9 vy d 4 t m i is s t res r e e s a e s d daughters s a u c h s i t r work and very br W J through s sheer hoe h c r A f fc As carefully still 8 it t i 11 l y 43 c y ipso ignorance there a w they have never nevermore are many RK A housework done more who ho do not s s N Nd they know noth noth- A Some Sonn do not be because d a 1 tt sag mg of the dill difficulties cause they cannot that ho because they they- them them- themselves r g t M in the tho doing of selves know k now n o TV no themore than c a i it nothing of the t-o ti more cats time needed if It itis about house housewifery is to be done donego donwell Or because ft as c they well They there there- therefore go out to work r ra fore wax nn nn- nn they have no time f shy a n f 6 wh I f C z y y patient anent in which to teach rh me ma or reason them and t take 11 keto to Others do not scolding When because they will they themselves not seo ew no n because reason the they i y Y Young oung coo cooking ki ng PUPI pupils 1 m in a New York w leU settlement I ement house preparing a full course dinner J A h hay a A v e 1 AMm actually w 1 they should has ha c e the bother or they are arc ambitious for their daughters wish them to be bo young ladies ladles and there there- therefore therefore fore think they must not soil their hands Others again and they not a few donot do donot donot not because theta daughters arc are beyond their control and do not wish to be taught If the th average latter day girl eirl is to be taught housewifery she must therefore bo be taught at school This is a point on which most of the tho Swiss have made mado up their minds According to the plans already drawn up in Switzerland at the Schools housewifery in the Cry ery widest t meaning of or the term term will bo ho taught All who go gothere there will be b taught how how how to do everything that must be done in 0 awry cry house if it is to deseno the name of II a ahome ahome home they will sill bo taught to do it well too and with sith the least possible labor Not only will they be told what the it bet best methods of working are arc but they Aill be bo made to do the tho work according to the tho best methods do it again agam and again agam under the surveillance of experts until they can do it easily and well sell ell until in fact they themselves have become so far as in to them lies experts in the doing of out it They will clean rooms make fires wash ash dishes polish and dust they will willin willin willin in turn do everything indeed that s scrub woman roman does docs a a housemaid asell as well sell ell as a caterer a cook and a housekeeper They v will sill ill also while lule at the th school wash and starch and iron a professional proCessional laundress watching catching them the while and giving them advice ad letting them know how to deal with flannels and lace hat shat things must be boiled what must not They will be bo taught how to make clothes too how to mend patch and darn how to make mako simple dresses and make old dresses look new They are even to be taught it is said how to keep accounts and write rIte letters For tor their most important work that if f f caterers and cooks g girls will have qUite special training while at the Housewifery Schools They will each In turn do the marketing They will buy with nith Ith an expert looking on to see they buy wisely Isely what they need to make the various dishes they are to be taught how to make and aid actually snake make And all the these c dishes will be bo of the sort that depend for their value on the skill with which they ate ale made mad rather than the tho costliness of their ingredients What the teachers will aim elm at is en enabling abling their pupils to provide provid those de 1 pendent on them with really good food at the least possible co cost t They will sill teach them how to cook eco eco- economically eco ceo economically as well as ns skillfully how to tomake tomake tomake make dainty dishes out of what shat may seem but worthless overs left-overs how to turn sorrel leaves unto into soup wild berries into lams Jams aras and concoct sa ory out O of and wild herbs And while teaching them they will sill im- im impress impress im impress press upon them the th much needed lesson that all dishes hale hae not the same food value and that what shat hat is good for strong strongmen strongmen strongmen men is not good for little children or invalids According to the program there will be bo special classes for teaching girls how to take care of children special classes too for teaching them the ele- ele elements ele ments of sick nursing how to deal with simple ailments how to give first aid prevent the spreading of infection foster health and strength There ate ale also to tobe tob be classes for tor teaching them how they can best serve sel ve their and md their fellows while whilo making the th best of own lives os At these Housewifely Schools in fact every girl eirl will be fitted so far lar as s she IS capable of being fitted to do her duty to her husband and children if she mar mar- marries marries marries ries to feed them well take care earn of I d they will Ill however howver realize all that good housework house means and therefore be b the tho better able to appreciate those thosa who do it Nor is that all While doing domestic work at school the average a girl will probably acquire a taste for it will find pleasure in to doing it If therefore she has to earn her daily dally bread there is II a good chance that she sir will sill III decide to earn it by becoming a servant And that she will bo he the tho more mora inclined to do because at the school she sill w ill III have been made to realize the importance of regular meals holesome food and of under healthy conditions Besides any prejudice there may no v be against a 1 servants servant's sel vant's work on the th score of its not being bems genteel will speedily vanish when girls of all ranks have hav to learn how to do this work and have the tho fact impressed upon them that it is just justas as much their duty to be good house house- housewives housewives wives as it is their brothers brother to be goad gO goodsoldier soldiers Nor is it only the th shortage of good mistresses and maids that will b be rom rem remedied rem remedied when hen every ery girl is a II trained housewife these Swiss reformers argue The shortage of good wives Ives as of good mothers and good homes will also th then n oon cease to be For a good housewife L 4 is as a rule a good wife wit and mother v vas J Jas as she knows how to do the tho th work a a wife and mother has to do how to tale take tak rare carof of her husband h and children In sickness as 85 in health how to make a good born home for them a home borne in which there ther are ar clean clean- cleanliness cleanliness cleanliness liness warmth comfort and good fool food She isable is able to turn every penny the he has hasto las lasto to good account When every girl is fitted so far as in Ing Ingher her lies to be a good housewife the the maker ofa of a good home a good wife wit and mother the th average young man will be bemore bemore more eager to marry than ho he h Is now and the th average married man will be bemore bemore more reluctant rel to part with his wife That is the tho firm conviction of many of those wh who support the tho proposed law Although the tile bill has many enthusiastic enthusiastic enthusiastic supporters it has also in Its pres pres- present pres- pres present present ent form many bitter opponents For whIle the th overwhelming majority of the Swiss are ar heartily in favor of girls be- be being be being ing trained in housewifery a fair sec sec- section sec section tion of women them them women for the th most part are ar strongly against the th training being be- be beIng be being ing made mad compulsory For one thing the term Service Year which has been applied to th the Housewifery School year has an ominously military ring in many moth moth- mothers ers era oars Is it not enough that you take our son sons eons they ask angrily Must rust you OU also rob us of our daughters Then many mothers vho who cannot cook even n potato properly are arc firmly con convinced vinced minced that no one can teach their daughters housewifery house so 50 well as they can and therefore although they have haye never ne tried to teach them bitterly resent the proposal that they should bo be taught by some one else Some Seine bourgeois object strongly to theIr daughters going to the same school as or class working king class girls some som socialists object equally strongly to theirs heirs going to the same school as bourgeois girls fearing lest they should imbibe their bourgeois notions while some ans object more mor strongly still to theirs going to any school when they might be out earning wages Mothers with more money than site Ih are arc inclined to scoff at the idea that their daughters need know housewifery and so 50 of course do the many mothers who ho cherish the delusion d lusion that theirs hase ha ha especial special talents a perfect genius for something or other They indeed are qUite indignant at the mere thought of their gifted ones wasting their time learning how to cook But But in Spite of this opposition theris there Is every likelihood that the education of girls in domestic science will soon be reqUired by law v in most of the Ule th cantons of Switzerland and that eventually the tho plan will be b wide nation rj ti |