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Show THE PANAMA CANAL TOLL8 QUESTION In vlow of tho split In tho Dem-1 Dem-1 ocratlc ranks ut Washington over President Wilson's request for tho , repoal of tho Panama Canal Tolls Mill, a complete review of tho entire question should provo Interesting. The entlro controversy hinges on n clauso In tho bill designed to encourage en-courage Amorlcan shipping which provides that all ships engaged In tho American coastwlso trade shall pass through tho canal free of charge. J Since only ships ot United States rcglstor ar permlttod to engago -i our coastwlso trade this limits tho jBj free imssago prlvllogo to ships flying nil the American flag. Iff Great Mrltaln protested against this If -j clause when tho bill was up for discus k b1oi,i haalng her protest mainly on B two treatlos, tho first of wholch was BJ H the Clayton-llulwer treaty of 1SG0 Hi Ej which hound both the United States H'i nnd Great llrltalu not to obtain an-', an-', i ' cxcluslvo control ovor tho canal and ' Pledged that tho canal should ae H I kept open "on equal terms" to the I sub J ecU and citizens ot both coun- Hti tries. This treaty was superceded by Kl tho HayPaunccfote treaty, which Hj provided for exclusive control of the Hf-1 canal by the United States but did H' not chango tho provision regarding H , "equhl terms. ' On tho contrary, it Hji repeated that provision and extended '' It to tho shipping ofall nations con- - forming to the rules ot operation Hft that might bo inado. HM Groat Britain protests against tho H r, i free tolls provision on tho grounc ( that It violates tho Uay-Pauncefote HB j. I treaty In that It discriminates against HB j tho ships ot all other nations and In HB; ' favor ot American ships. She has no HjF objection to our.grantlng a subsidy to U our ships it wo desire to do so, but fljji tho maintains that If our ships pass through tho canal tree ot charge then HH, ,, tho charges on nil other shipping HH.' must bo proportionally higher In or- Hi der to defray tho cost ot operating tho jj canal. In ntlior words, It wo can m fix a rnto ot $1.20 u ton with Amerl- can shipping froo, wo might ho able HHj to charge only $1 a ton If Amorlcan H ships paid thetr fair share. Tho treaty HHj therefore according to Groat nrltain HBlL has been violated In that wo have not HBV Cpt our promlso to establish "just HBI a and equltahlo tolls." . li Identically tho same situation aroso ' J according to Great Britain, undor B the treaty of Washington In 1871, s when wo protested against Canada's I rebates on certain freight on tho Wei- H Innd canal. Wo claimed that that B was a violation ot tho "equal rights" BBB guaranteed to us In boundary waters, Innd in tho faco of our protest tho rebate systom was abandoned. President Wilson and his support- BBBJ'I crs agree that England ,1s entirely H Tight In her domanda and urgOtthat BBBfii tho;dUcrlmlnatliig clauso ho imtnedl- BvSk yl " ""' , '""""" -1 ----.-...r,Tt. .... BBBl & BBBBBBBBBBbv j j nloly repealed, lest our national lion' I wr suiter. A-grent many Democratic congressmen, however, aro still Inclined In-clined to agreo with ox-President Taft nnd tho congress which passed the hill, nonce President Wilson's difficulties. difficul-ties. These members of the opposition base tholr stand on tho fact that all of these treaties aro voided, so far as tho Panama Canal Is concerned, concern-ed, by tho following very Important fact: When the treaties wcro made wo did not own a foot of land In Panama. They applied entlroly to forolgn territory. Slnco that time wo have acquired absoluto sovereign-ty sovereign-ty over a wide strip of land across the Isthmus known ns tho Panama Canal zono. This land has hecomo Ameri can territory and wo havo a perfect right to perform any operations on It which wo may dcslro without asking permission of any foreign power whatsoever. It wo wanted to dig a canal from Lako Michigan to tho Mississippi river wo should not havo to make a treaty with any foreign powor before hoglnnlng work. No one would question our right to do as we ploaso there. Now tho Panama canal can-al zono Is Just as much American territory ter-ritory as tho state ot Illinois Is. Why then, should wo ask permission ot Great Mrltaln boforp making laws governing tho' shipping across It? Tho following Is an extract from a pertinent edltorlay which appeared in tho N. Y. Evening Journal (Dem.) some months ago. "England's request to this country to pull down tho American flag ovor tho Panama canal nnd allow tho English to uso that plcco ot American territory as they please, Is not at nil now. "A good many years ago, as early as 177G, tho English objected to any kind of American flag, on any klud of American territory. It took something some-thing of a struggle to ruako them glvo up the notion that the flag ought to como down thon. "England Is wiser now, nnd after a Httlo while she will glvo up the foolish effort even thpugh It bo on-couraged on-couraged by treacherous American newspapers and American officials to put American territory and American Am-erican enterprise under English control." con-trol." Wo are glad to see that some of our Democratic friends havo tho temerity tem-erity to oppose President Wilson on this point and we sincerely liopo that the administration will bo strong enough to handle Its affairs In American Am-erican territory without being dictated dictat-ed to by any foreign power. Wo havo had strong administrations In the past ti COMPETITION FOR LITERARY 8UCCE88 An Idea ot tho Intense rivalry prevailing pre-vailing In the field ot literature la given in tho competition for the $10,-000 $10,-000 prize offered by Wlnthrop Ames of Moston, for the best American play. Although any one must have realized that tho capture ot this prlzo was the merest gamblers chance, the I Judges had to consider 2010 mfhn- I scripts. The many pcoplo who hrr constant-4y constant-4y trying to break Into llteraturo entertain en-tertain a widespread conviction that there Is a conspiracy against tho new writer among publishers. Thoy con-sumo con-sumo large quantities or postage stamps and haunt tho postolTico. Whon tho manuscripts como tumbling back, It Is hecauso tho publishers did not read thorn, or could not detect budding genius. Tho award ot this prlzo suggests that literary succoss takes long train-lug. train-lug. Tho Judges did ,not know who wrote any ot tho manuscripts, so this contest was puroly on merit. The money went to Miss Allco Drown, a familiar namo In tho flold ot fiction. Writing Is a trado Uko shoo making mak-ing or selling grocorles, and ono must servo his apprenticeship to win. 1' It Is astonishing what an enormous number ot pcoplo hollovo themselves to bo possessed ot literary genius. Tho slightest facility in use of language langu-age is hailed by admiring friends. Young pooplo- nro urged to divert tholr energies from farming or bpoK- fw tiU" . v f Ji " "- ' keeping, where thoy live useful lives, Into the scramble for literary success. Most of the best authors in the United States won their way through newspaper work. , Thero tnelr talent wag soon discovered, and they found helpful counsel. Aspirants who do noi wish to adopt this method of learfttna tho rudiments of tho trado may we:s stick to tho shop or the kitchen, where they aro at least sure of daily bread. 4. 4. 4. CONFLICT BETWEEN LABOR AND CAPITAL Vice President Marshall Says Is Irrepressible Irre-pressible and Neither Can Be Assumed as Everything Orono, Maine, Juno 10. Vice President Pres-ident Marshall delivered the principal princip-al address here today at tho University Univers-ity ot Malno commencement exercises. exercis-es. Ho said In part: "Slight knowledge will not enable the young man to assume the manage ment of life's affairs. In the Irrepressible Irrepres-sible conflict between labor and capital, capi-tal, he cannot ossumn that either property or labor Is everything without with-out tending to establish a peon class In America or an oligarchy of wealth. Complete knowledge may convince him that It wIM be better for the republic re-public to bo controlled by neither of theso classes. "In 1850, we had a republic whore labor was shtisflod, where respect for religion and roverenco for law and order nnd a sincere attachment to the Constitution were strong. In that year the proportion of tho annual wealth created In tho country by tho Joint fourth to labor and three-fourths to capital. Sixty years later tho proportion propor-tion had changed to less than one-fifth one-fifth to labor and more than four-fifths four-fifths to capital. This disproportion to my mind, has much to do with our r.cesent dlsconten4 "Usurious Interest Is no more but usurious profit has taken its place. The young man In assuming leader ship must create a public opinion and dovelop a moral sentiment agatnet usurious profit as against usurious interest. in-terest. this vlow is not lacking I dare the prediction that tho railroad ot the country would welcome n permanent perman-ent five per cent or six par cent accumulative ac-cumulative profit In oxching.j for their greater profit and so doubt, risk and abuse which come with It. State's Rights "Tho doctrlno ot state's rights Is now seldom heraldod except in opposition oppo-sition to needed "reforms must subscribe sub-scribe to the doctrine, but I realize that subjects which formerly were puroly ot stato cognizance have bo-come bo-come of common Interest between the states and that tho doctrine ot stale's rights must be supplemented by the doctrlno ot state's duties. "It state's rights are to be preserved, preserv-ed, tho young man of tomorrow must take, up this cry ot stato's duties; otherwise, our pleasing vision of Undo Sam as a patrlarchlal gentleman, gentle-man, with a beneficent smile toward American manhood striving for suc cess, will change to that of h quack doctor placarded When others fall, consult mo." |