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Show Zepllak and Vicar General Butchka-vlch Butchka-vlch of the Roman Catholic chuVch to death for revolutionary activities. The latter was executed, but Zepliuk's sentence sen-tence was commuted to ten years' imprisonment. im-prisonment. Early in December another revolution revolu-tion wag attempted in Mexico, the leader being Adolfo de la Iluerta who was offended because President Obre-gon Obre-gon would not support his candidacy for the presidency. The revolt spread rapidly, but before the month closed Obregon seemed to have the situation situa-tion well in hand. INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR Only one really big strike marred the record of the year in the United States, and that did not last long. The miners in the anthracite fields and their employers tried In vain to fix a new wage scale and working conditions, condi-tions, and on August 21 they broke off negotiations. With the approval of President Coolidge, Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania undertook to handle the problem, and proposed a compromise compro-mise on August 29. The strike began officially two days later, but the negotiations nego-tiations were continued. Pinchot's plan was accepted September 8 and the miners resumed work on September Septem-ber -20. At various times during the year the railway labor board adjusted the wages of certain classes of rail workers, work-ers, usually raising them. Some of the roads made separate agreements with their employees, giving them increased in-creased pay. April 9 the steel industry indus-try raised the wages of common labor 11 per cent and adjusted the pay of other classes, and on April 13 the Chicago Chi-cago packing house employees and building trade workers were given an Increase. The steel makers had been attacked bitterly for maintaining the twelve-hour day, and on August 2 Elbert El-bert H. Gary of the U. S. Steel corporation corpo-ration announced its elimination. The American Federation or Labor met in annual convention in Portland, Ore., and, among other acts, voted against the formation of a political labor party and also against the recognition rec-ognition of the Russian Soviet government. govern-ment. The advocates of these measures meas-ures and Indeed all the more radical factions in the federation were routed by President Gornpers, who was reelected. re-elected. DISASTERS Unequaled In modern times was the disaster that befell Japan on September Septem-ber 1 when violent earthquake shocks and resultant fires destroyed Yokohama Yoko-hama entirely and about two-thirds of Tokyo and ruined many smaller towns. The number of killed was estimated at 225,000, and the injured- at more than half that number. Though many of the houses were flimsy, the property prop-erty loss was enormous. The hundreds hun-dreds of thousands of refugees suffered suf-fered severely, but the American government gov-ernment and the American Red Cross were swift with relief measures, and other nations Joined In the work. Shiploads of food and millions of dollars dol-lars were rushed to the stricken land, and the Japanese government was materially ma-terially aided In Its task of rebuilding astronomer; ex-Senator J. A. Hemen-way Hemen-way of Indiana ; Prof. W. C. Roentgen, discoverer of the X-ray; Judge Martin Knapp of the federal court of appeals; Bishop C. D. Williams of Michigan; Prince Miguel de Brnganza ; TheophIl Delcasse, French statesman; Mrs. John A. Logan; George R. Peck, lawyer nnd orator; Charlemagne Tower, American statesman; ex-Senator G. C. Perkins of California; Frederic Da Belleville, actor; ex-Senator J. R. Bur. ton of Kansas. In March: Congressman W. Bourk Cockran of New York; William G. Beale, Chicago lawyer; Orson Smith, Chicago banker; Charles D. Norton, New York banker; Chancellor J. It. Day, educator; Dr. G. Frank Lydston, noted surgeon; Dr. John M. McRryde, southern educator; M. D. Campbell, member of federal reserve board ; Sen. ator S. D. Nicholson of Colorado ; Mine. Sarah Bernhardt, actress; Congressman Congress-man John R. Tyson of Alabama; General Gen-eral Manoury, French war hero; E. D. Hulbert, Chicago banker. In April: Earl of Carnarvon; Hor-ace Hor-ace Boies, former governor of Iowa ; Rear Admiral II. S. Knapp; Mother Superior Genera Carmela of the Franciscan Fran-ciscan nuns; Stuyvesant Fish, financier finan-cier and railway man ; George A. Yule, Wisconsin financier; W. T. Hazen, former for-mer chief of United States secret service; serv-ice; Taylor Granville, actor and playwright; play-wright; Jess Dandy, comedian; Bishop Bish-op Daniel Tuttle; ex-Governor Fred M. Warner of Michigan; Rev. Dr. G. C. Houghton, pastor of the "Little Church Around the Corner" In New York ; Maj. Gen. Frank D. Baldwin ; A. B. Seelenfreud, international secretary of B'nai B'rith ; Senator Knute Nelson Nel-son of Minnesota; Mrs. Matthew T. Scott, D. A. R. leader; Emerson Hough, author; Bishop Alfred Harding of Washington. In May: Rear Admiral W. S. Cowles; Howard Saxby, lecturer; Congressman John W. Rainey of Chicago; Sadie Martinot, one-time musical comedy star; Brig. Gen. II. M. Robert; N. C. Wright, publisher of Toledo Rlade; Dr. J. A. Macdonold, former editor of the Toronto Globe; A. G. Webster, physicist physi-cist ; Dr. T. N. Ivey, editor of Southern South-ern Christian Advocate; George Jay Gould ; Dr. Florenz Ziegfeld, veteran musical educator; O. B. Halvorsen, Norwegian statesman; Capt. H. W, Baker, ship owner of Detroit ; ex-Governor J. W. Folk of Missouri ; Congressman Congress-man Claude Kltchin of North Carolina. In June : Judge Thomas G. Windes, Chicago jurist ; Pierre Lot), French writer; Maurice Hewlett, English novelist; nov-elist; John MeParland, president ol International Typographical union; Paul Cornoyer, American artist; Mil-ward Mil-ward Adams, theatrical producer ol Chicago; Edward R. Potter, sculptor. In July: A. W. Marchmont, English novelist; Dr. J. G. Klernan. alienist of Chicago; Bishop James Ryan of Alton, Al-ton, III.; Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, philanthropist phil-anthropist nnd widow of harvester manufacturer; Vice Admiral de Bon of France; former Supreme court Justice Jus-tice William R. Day; Helen Ring Robinson, Rob-inson, Colorado's first woman senator; Congressman Luther W. Mott of Oswego, Os-wego, N. Y. ; Albert Chevalier. English Eng-lish actor; Dr. L. Wilbur Messer, Y. M. C. A. leader; Louis Couperus, Dutch novelist; John M. Slddall, editor edi-tor of American Magazine; Judge W. H. Gabbert, Colorado jurist; Rear Ad- or nationalists of Germany were exceedingly ex-ceedingly active, those of Bavaria usually usu-ally taking the lead. In September the Bavarians actually revolted against the Berlin government and made Gus-tave Gus-tave von Kahr dictator of the state. The reichstag thereupon gave Strese-mann Strese-mann dictatorial powers. A little later the socialist governments of Saxony and Thurlngia refused to obey the chancellor, and he subdued them by a show of military force. He yielded to Bavaria's demand for greater autonomy, au-tonomy, but this was not enough. On November 8 Hitler, leader of the Bavarian Ba-varian Fascisti, and General von Lu-dendorff Lu-dendorff attempted a royalist coup d'etat in Munich and other cities and threatened to march on Berlin. This revolt was rather easily put down by the national police and the workers and Hitler and Ludendorff were arrested. ar-rested. On November 10 Frederick William, the former crown prince, suddenly sud-denly returned to Germany from Holland. Hol-land. In October the separatists of the Rhineland got into action and set up a republic which was looked upon with favor by France. However, It was not able to maintain itself very successfully, suc-cessfully, and there was almost continuous con-tinuous fighting with the national forces. Another soparatist movement was started in the Bavarian palatinate, but it failed for the time being. Late in November Chancellor Strese-mann's Strese-mann's coalition went to flf.e.a and, being denied a vote of confidence in the reichstag, he resigned. Dr. Hein-rich Hein-rich Albert, unpleasantly remembered in America, and Adam Stegerwald both failed to form acceptable ministries, and so Dr. Wllhelm Marx, leader of the Catholic party, was made chancellor chancel-lor on November 29 and got together a cabinet that Included Stresemann as foreign minister and that was expected expect-ed to carry on his policies. The revolution in Spain, which was connected with the unsatisfactory war with the Moors, took place in September. Septem-ber. The revolt, led by General Primo Rivera, Marquis de Estella, was against the cabinet and corrupt politicians poli-ticians and also was an expression of reaction against the growth of socialism so-cialism and syndicalism among the workers. The king supported it and the cabinet resigned on September 14. A military directorate was established and Rivera was made sole chief of the administration. The new government govern-ment made itself popular at once by a campaign on profiteering and gambling, gam-bling, by cutting expenses to the bone and by other drastic measures of reform. re-form. Trial by jury was suspended because of the corruption of the courts. Altogether, it was a happy revolution for Spain. Bulgaria also had a revolution, almost al-most bloodless, when Stamboulisky's peasant government was overthrown on June 9 and the premier himself was captured and killed. Professor Zank-off Zank-off was made head of the new government. govern-ment. In September the Communists and peasants resorted to arms in an attempt to regain power, but they were soon suppressed. Andrew Bonar Law, prime minister of Great Britain, resigned on May 20 because of the Illness that caused his death In October. He was succeeded by Stanley Baldwin, who had been chancellor of the exchequer. On. October Oc-tober 1 an imperial conference and an economic conference of the British empire em-pire opened in London, and various Important measures were debated and adopted designed to bind the component compo-nent parts of the empire by closer commercial ties, at the same time leaving leav-ing them their full measure of self-gnvernment. self-gnvernment. These questions brought to the fore the old question of free trade or protection, and since the government gov-ernment had promised there should be no change in the tariff policy during the life of the existing parliament, Prime Minister Baldwin dissolved parliament par-liament on November 10 and an election elec-tion was called for December 6. Former For-mer Premier Lloyd George, who had been on a speaking tour of the United States, arrived home just in time to make up his old quarrel with the other wing of the liberal party, and went into the campaign with vigor. When the votes were counted it was found that while the Liberals and Laborites both had won many seats from the Conservatives, no one of the three parties had a majority. The Laborites, however, announced that their leader, Ramsay MacDonald, would undertake to form a government as soon as called upon, whereupon Prime Minister Baldwin Bald-win declared he and his cabinet would closed other candidates came forward, notably Senator Hiram Johnson of California, Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania Penn-sylvania and Senator LaFoIlette of Wisconsin. For the Democratic nomination nomi-nation there were several probabilities, probabili-ties, Including Senator Underwood and William G. McAdoo, avowed candidates, candi-dates, and Senator Ralston of Indiana, Gov. Al Smith of New York and Governor Gov-ernor Silzer of New Jersey. There was much talk of the possible nomination nomi-nation of Henry Ford by one of the old parties or by a third party, and his admirers were exceedingly active. The Republican national committee, acceding to the wishes of the President, Presi-dent, selected Cleveland as the place for the national convention of 1924, and set June 10 as the date for its opening. Previous action by which the representation of the southern states was reduced was rescinded by the committee. Secretary of the Interior Fall retired from President Harding's cabinet on March 4 and was succeeded by Hubert Work, the latter's place as postmaster general being filled by the appointment appoint-ment of Hurry S. New. Attorney General Gen-eral Daugherty, against whom impeachment im-peachment charges had been made the previous year, w-as fully exonerated by the bouse judiciary committee, the report being adopted by the house on January 25. Among the appointments made by President Harding were Robert Rob-ert Woods Bliss as minister to Sweden; Swe-den; Miles Poindexter as ambassador to Peru ; R. M. Tobin as minister to the Netherlands ; E. T. Sanborn as associate as-sociate justice of the Supreme court of the United States, and Gen. Frank T. Hines as director of the veterans' bureau. The latter appointment was followed by charges of mismanagement, mismanage-ment, waste, etc., against the former director. Colonel Forbes, which were investigated by a senate committee. Having passed the agricultural credits cred-its bill and many acts of lesser importance, im-portance, and killing the ship-subsidy bill, the Sixty-seventh congress came to an end on March 4. The Sixty-eighth Sixty-eighth congress met on December 3 and the Republican majority was so slender that a bloc of so-called progressives pro-gressives held the balance of power. Speaker Gillett was re-elected and President Coolidge then delivered his first message, in which he declared himself in favor of American membership member-ship in the World court, advocated reduction re-duction of taxes and opposed the soldiers' sol-diers' bonus. Two governors got into serious trouble. Walton of Oklahoma, who said he was fighting the Ku Klux Klan, came into conflict with the state legislature and assumed virtually dictatorial dic-tatorial powers. Despite his efforts to prevent it, the legislature met in special spe-cial session, the house Impeached him on numerous charges and the senate, sitting as a trial court, found him guilty and removed him from his office. of-fice. Walton was then indicted by a grand jury. The other state executiTe in trouble was Gov. W. T. McCray of Indiana, who got into deep financial entanglements en-tanglements and also was indicted. The Supreme court on April 30 decided de-cided that foreign vessels could not bring liquor into American ports, even though sealed, and later the liquor stores of several Hners were seized t New York. Foreign nations protested but could not well take any action. However, late In the year the government govern-ment negotiated an agreement with Great Britain whereby the right of search was extended to about twelve miles from shore, and in return It was expected the ship liquor regulation would be modified. The extension of the search limit was made necessary by the activities of the smuggling fleets which kept the country well supplied sup-plied with wretched liquor. On May 4 the New York legislature repealed the state prohibition law. In October a conference of governors on law enforcement en-forcement was held in Washington, and President Coolidge pledged the full aid of the government machinery, but Insisted each s ;te must assume its own share of the burden. President Coolidge had the appointment appoint-ment of one ambassador last year. Col. George Harvey resigned his post at the court of St. James on October 4 and Frank B. Kellogg was selected for the place. Immediately after Its summer vacation vaca-tion the Supreme court rendered an important decision upholding the laws of the Pacific coast states which prohibit pro-hibit aliens from owning land. These laws, of course, are directed against the Japanese especially. EVENTS OF 1923 PASS IN REVIEW Happenings at Home and Abroad During the Twelve Months That Have Just Closed. PRESIDENT HARDING'S DEATH Futile Attempts to Settle German Reparations Rep-arations Problem France Occupies Occu-pies the Ruhr Turkey's Diplomatic Diplo-matic Triumph Terrible Earthquake Earth-quake in Japan American Prosperity and Politics. By EDWARD W. PICKARD ' With the exception of Germany, ruined by her own acts, and Japan, .- shattered by the forces of nature, all - t the world was better off at the close of 1923 than at its beginning. This Is especially true of the United States, ' Italy, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Tur key, and probably Russia, though the Information coming from the land of the Soviets has been so colored that It was difficult to determine true conditions con-ditions there. Economic recovery of the world was retarded, as it was during the previous previ-ous twelve months, by failure to settle the matter of the German reparations repa-rations and by the steady decline of Germany toward the point of absolute collapse. The occupation of the Ruhr by France and the resulting disputes with Great Britain brought on repeated re-peated crises each of which seemed to threaten the final disruption of the entente cordiale. Several proposals fo commissions to determine Germany's capacity to pay were made, but each of them required re-quired the participation of the United States and each time the American government found unacceptable the restrictions Insisted upon by Premier Polncare of France. As the year drew toward its close, however, the reparations commission was preparing to appoint two committees of experts to help work out the problem, and President Coolidge approved of the appointment ap-pointment of Americans on these committees. com-mittees. Turkey gained power and prestige through the Lausanne peace conference confer-ence and the resulting treaties with the allies and with the United States. Late in the year she added herself to the list of republics with Mustapha Kemal Pasha as her first president. Under the leadership of General Trimo Rivera and other army officers nnd aristocrats, there was a house-cleaning house-cleaning in Spain that resulted in the turning out of the crowd of politicians that had for years been battening on the spoils of misgovernment. The so-called so-called democratic government was overthrown and a dictatorial council substituted. President Harding's death in San Francisco threw all the United States and indeed all the civilized world Into heartfelt mourning. Vice President Presi-dent Calvin Coolidge, succeeding to tfee chief magistracy, carried on in general the policies of his predecessor. Mr. Harding had been considered the certain nominee of the Republican party in 1924, and his demise threw open the lists and made the political contest Intensely interesting. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS German reparations and complications complica-tions resulting from the failure to pay them occupied much of the attention of European diplomats. Early in January Jan-uary the allied premiers held a futile conference in Paris, and France prepared pre-pared for separate action to collect from Germany. About the same time Secretary Hughes announced the United Unit-ed States would not consider Berlin's proposal for a four-power European peace pact and also informally advised ad-vised France not to occupy the Ruhr. France, however, was determined, and the reparations commission gnve her the opening by declaring Germany In willful default In coal deliveries. Germany Ger-many formally protesting and Great Britain not approving, the French on January 11 began the occupation of the Ruhr, seizing Its most important . . cities one after another. President Harding expressed his disapproval by recalling the American troops from Germany. Chancellor Cuno, with the support of the reichstag, declared a "moral war" of passive resistance and ordered all state employees not to obey the French. The mine owners and later the Industrial magnates fell 'n with this program and for months the French were balked In their eiTo'-ts to get any considerable revenue from the region. They seized customs, bank funds and railways, and arrested many Industrial loaders and officials, hut the passive resistance was not broken until un-til late In September. The occupation occupa-tion was assisted actively by Belgium and passively by Italy. Great Britain, Brit-ain, though she did not actually hamper ham-per the French, gave them no help. On May 2 Germany made a new reparations offer of $7.f(Xi,0O0.0O0, with many conditions, and It was Immediately Im-mediately rejected by France. England Eng-land also declared the offer insufficient. Berlin then asked a new reparations conference on the total sum and offered of-fered annuities of l,500.000,0Nj gold marks. Great Britain invited France and Italy to Join her In a reply to this, and submitted a draft of her proposed answer, but this also fell through. The British government thereupon sent a note to France nnd belrium decWrlng the Ruhr occupa tion Illegal and a failure. Insisting on an impartial reparations Inquiry after the plan suggesfed by Secretary of State Hughes, and saying France must pay enough of the money lent her to enable Great Britain to pay America. Again no results, Premier Polncare declaring Germany must settle set-tle the reparations question before an economic accord could be reached. Chancellor Stresemann, who had succeeded suc-ceeded Dr. Cuno, announced the abandonment aban-donment of passive resistance and said no more reparations would be paid and the treaty of Versailles would be repudiated. ,He also put an end to the aid which the government had been giving the Inhabitants of the occupied oc-cupied regions. Soon after this the Industrial magnates of the Ruhr and Rhineland signed a pact with the French for the resumption of work and of payments of material. In December the reparations commission com-mission decided to appoint two committees com-mittees of experts, one to examine German money in foreign lands and the other to try to devise means by which Germany might balance her budget and stabilize her finances. Poincare now seemed In a yielding mood and President Coolidge announced an-nounced he approved of unofficial American participation through the selection of Americans as members of those committees. Turkey's diplomatic victory at Lausanne Lau-sanne was not easily won. While the conference there was deadlocked In January Mustapha Kemal mobilized armies to move against Constantinople, Constanti-nople, Mosul and other points and called three classes to the colors to combat the Greeks In Thrace. The quarreling in the peace conference was Incessant. On January 31 the allies submitted a treaty to the Turks, demanding its acceptance within four days. The Turks agreed to sign it if the economic clauses were reserved for future settlement. Lord Curzon departed In a rage, and on February 6 the conference broke up. Diplomatic conversations continued, however; the British Indicated they would make concessions, and the conference was resumed on April 23, Russia being excluded. ex-cluded. On July 24 k treaty was signed which gave to Turkey nearly all she had demanded, the question of oil concessions being left for later consideration. A few days later the United States, and Turkey signed treaties of amity and commerce and on extradition. By October 2 the allied al-lied military forces had evacuated Constantinople and the Turks soon after took formal possession of their old capital. Warfare between Italy and Greece In the autumn was narrowly averted. An Italian military commissioner and his aids were murdered in Albania and on August 28 Italy demanded that Greece apologize abjectly and pay reparations. The Greek reply being unsatisfactory, the Italians promptly bombarded and occupied the island of Corfu. Greece appealed, to the League of Nations, which was disposed to take up the affair; but Premier Mussolini Mus-solini declared Italy would withdraw from the league and Ignore its decision deci-sion if It Insisted on arbitrating the dispute. The situation was most embarrassing em-barrassing for the league, but the allied council of ambassadors rescued It by assuming jurisdiction and ordering order-ing Greece to comply with Italy's demands de-mands almost In their entirety. Greece gave in, apologized and paid 50,000,000 lire indemnity, and on September 27 Italy evacuated Corfu. Mussolini achieved another triumph by an agreement with Jugo-SIavIa whereby Italy obtained possession of Fiume.- In January American and British commissions met in Washington to negotiate ne-gotiate the refunding of the British war debt to America, and their task was soon completed to the apparent satisfaction of both nations. The Washington treaties on reduction of armament and concerning the Pacific were ratified by Italy In February and by France In July. Through the efforts ef-forts of an American commission sent to Mexico, the government of our neighbor was finally brought to amicable ami-cable terms and the long-withheld recognition rec-ognition was accorded by Washington on August 31. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS Overshadowing all other events In the United States was the death of President Warren G. Harding. He had long planned a trip through the Middle and Far West and to Alaska In order to talk with the people and get their reactions. Though tired out and far from well, he started on June 20, accompanied by Mrs. Harding and several members of his cabinet. After delivering several Important addresses, notably one advocating American membership mem-bership In the World court, he sailed to Alaska. Returning thence to San Francisco, he fell ill there on July 2S. Four days later, on August 2, he passed away. The taking of his body back to Washington, the services there, the trip to Marion, Ohio, and the Interment there of the little town's distinguished citizen on August 10 gave the people of the country ample opportunity to show In what high esteem and affection they held Mr. Harding. Literally the entire nation mourned sincerely, and all the other nations gave expression to thei"- grief. Vice President Calvin Coolidge took the oath of office as President at his father's home in Plymouth. Vt., and assumed his new duties at once, retaining re-taining the entire Harding cabinet and announcing that heLwould carry out the Harding policies" where possible. It had been taken for granted that the Republican party would nominate Mr. Harding In 1924. and Mr. Coolidge Cool-idge Immediately became a probable nominee. However, before the year the ruined cities. Among other serious disasters of the year were : January 3, twenty persons per-sons killed by collapse of a bridge at Kelso, Wash.; February 8, mine explosion- at Dawson lulled 120, and one at Cumberland, B. C, killed 30; February Feb-ruary 18, twenty-two patients and three attendants were killed in Insane asylum fire on Ward's island, New York ; March 10, Greek transport sank with 150 soldiers; April 6, tidal waves in Corea and Japan killed COO ; May 14, Hot Springs, Ark., partly destroyed de-stroyed by flood and fire; May 17, seventy-three killed In burning of a schoolhouse at Cleveland, S. C. ; June 10, disastrous floods In Kansas, Oklahoma Okla-homa and Colorado; June 15, thousands thou-sands of Persians killed by earthquakes earth-quakes ; June 18, several towns destroyed de-stroyed by eruption of Mt. Elna; August Au-gust 14, coal mine explosion at Kem-merer, Kem-merer, Wyo., killed 98; August IS, Hongkong badly damaged by typhoon; August 22, million-dollar flood in Arkansas Ar-kansas valley, Colorado; September 8, nine U. S. destroyers wrecked on California Cali-fornia coast, 23 lives being lost ; September Sep-tember 15, typhoon and floods killed 5,000 In Japan; September 17. large part of Berkeley. Cal., destroyed by mlral C. D. Sigshee ; William Ilolablrd, Chicago architect ; Gen. Francisco Villa, Vil-la, ex-leader of Mexican rebels; Sir Charles Ilawtrey, English actor. In August: Warren G. Harding, President of the United States; Col. John I. Martin, veteran sergeant at arms of Democratic national conventions; conven-tions; Mrs. Candace T. Wheeler, author; au-thor; Prince Fabrizio Colonna, Italian statesman; Randall Parish, author; Juaquin Sorolla, Spanish painter; Frank D. Weir, noted horseman; Charles Archer, English actor; Marie Wainwright, actress; Ralph L. Polk, publisher of city directories; Baron t-Kato, t-Kato, premier of Japan; Kate Douglas 4 Wiggin, author; Alonzo Kimball, ar- tisl ; Princess Anastasla of Greece, formerly Mrs. W. B. Leeds; Thomas Mosher, publisher. In September: Edward Payson Dut-tnn, Dut-tnn, publisher; W. R. Thayer, author and Journalist; Dr. C. F. Mlllspaugh, botanist of Chicago university; Paul J. Rainey, explorer; Max Bohm, artist; ar-tist; Dr. Edward Ryan, noted Red Cross worker In Persia ; Viscount Mor-ley, Mor-ley, English statesman and author; Chauncey I. Fllley, former Republican leader in Missouri; Chief Justice C. I.. Brown of Minnesota sum-erne cour-r flames; September 27, forty killed In Burlington train wreck at Lockett, Wyo. ; November 13. earthquake in Shansi province. China, killed 1,500; December 1, nearly ;XI killed by bursting burst-ing of dam near Bergamo, Italy; December De-cember 9, nine killed and many injured in-jured in wreck of the Twentieth Century Cen-tury train at Fnrsythe, X. Y.; December Decem-ber 15, destructive earthquake In Colombia and Ecuador. NECROLOGY Death reaped bis usual harvest of prominent men and women In Ifi'j.'i. The more notable of bis victims were, in January: W. T. Whiting, Wisconsin paper mill magnate; Edwin Stevens, actor; Mrs. Cora L. V. Richmond, spiritualist spir-itualist leader; Dr. Emil (',. 1 1 i i.S'h, eminent rabbi of Chicago; George Hamlin, singer; Constantino, former king of Greece; W. M. Moore, financier; finan-cier; Alexandre Ribot. French statesman; states-man; Frederic Harrison, English historian; his-torian; Wallace Iteld. motion picture star; Max Nordau. German phlloso-pher; phlloso-pher; Dr. Paul Reinsch. former minister min-ister to China; Dr. W. X. Haines. toi cologist of Chicago; Henry Clews. New York hankc In February; Bishop C. J. O'Reilly of Lincoln. Neb.; Cardinal Prin -co. archbishop of Naples. E E Barnard ' retain office at least until the new parliament had met In January. During the early months of the year the Irish republicans continued their guerrilla warfare or. the Free State, but on April 10, their chief of stalT, Llam Lynch, was kllle-d In a fight and on April 27 Eamon de Valera ordered his followers to cease hostilities an; negotiate peace. The Dublin government govern-ment refused to treat will) him and on August 15 he was placed under arrest. ar-rest. Chinese factions fought bitterly throughout the entire year, and in October Oc-tober President LI Yuan-hung was succeeded suc-ceeded by Marshal Tsno-kun. Considerable Con-siderable excitement was caused in May by the capture of a number of foreigners by Chinese bandits, who demanded de-manded large ransom and Immunity. The prisoners included several Americans and English, and for a time armed intervention by their governments govern-ments seemed likely. However, the Pekin government bought off the outlaws out-laws after long negotiations. In Russia, ns the soviet rulers gradually grad-ually modified their Communistic policies, poli-cies, there seemed to be steady prog ress toward stability. Most other nations na-tions still withheld recognition of the Moscow government, hut a number of them made commercial arrangements with the soviet regime. The Russian supreme court condemned Ar;hbJjhop Edwin G. Cooley, Chicago educator; Sir Ilalliday Croom, British surgeon. In October: .1. w. I'engough. Canadian Ca-nadian poet and artist; Oscar Browning. Brown-ing. English historian; Prof. Malcolm McNeil of Lake Forest university; ex-Governor ex-Governor II. II. Markham of California; Cali-fornia; Ralph Peters, president Long Island railway; Dr. Boris Sidis. psy-chopnlhnlogist psy-chopnlhnlogist ; Dr. C. P. Stelnmetz, famous electrician; Andrew Bonar Law, former British prime minister. In November: G. It. Huntington, president Soo railway; S. K. McCulI. Massachusetts statesman ; Frederick If Kawson. English metaphysician; ford Thome, noted lawyer if bjj, Anthony Catiiinetti, former rnmi-sioner rnmi-sioner of immigration; G. C. Ta.? president American Railway Express"'. company; Frederick Dixon, former edl- " tor Christian Science Monitor. In December: Earl of Loreburn. former for-mer British lord chancellor; A. O. Bunnell, veteran newspaper editor of Dansville. N. Y.; Sir William Mac-Kenzie Mac-Kenzie and Huron Shu ughnessy. Canadian Cana-dian railway magnates; John R. Kalhom editor of Providence Journal ; William A I'inkcrtiin famous detective: detec-tive: Lawn. nee Sperry. American aviator tied In English channel; ex-Con""' ' an Ten T Cable of Illinois; Illi-nois; T '-trolcl Mover noted alien'"! " Iciig... or. i "td viwt-nii Union I FOREIGN AFFAIRS Germany's Internal troubles, political, politi-cal, economic and financial, were Inextricably In-extricably tangled up with her International Inter-national woes and brought her to so low n state that her regeneration seemed at times almost hopeless. Royalists, Roy-alists, separatists and communists conspired, con-spired, revolted and rioted. Unemployment Unem-ployment increased und in the cities all but the Industrial magnates and the profiteers were reduced to near starvation, although the crops were large and the rural districts were overrunning over-running with food stuffs. The government govern-ment tried to meet the situation by keeping tip the flood of paper marks and of course the mark declined until billions could be had for one dollar and those who had anything to sell refused to accept the practically worthless currency. In August Chancellor Chan-cellor Cuno presented a "rescue plan" to the reichstag. It was rejected nnd Cuno resigned, Gustave Stresemann succeeding him and forming the first coalition majority government In Germany's Ger-many's history. He undertook to reform re-form the finances by the issue of a new currency, the renten mark, backed by the country's resources. This was far from successful. Throughout the year the royalists |