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Show The Agricultural Trinity Livestock and Prosperity Ty Dr. YV. E. Carroll, Professor of Animal Husbandry Utah Agricultural College which can absorb his efforts una attention. at-tention. This is more or le;s undo-siraWe undo-siraWe because it will probably take hint away from his farm, the fences, buUdin.'s and equipment i f which need constant attention If they are to escape es-cape excessive depreciation which comes to uninhabited premises. ..A Market for Unmarketable Crops.. On nil farms there are always soma scattered crops that cannot be bar vested completely without the use ol livestock. a grade or p rtially spoil ed crops frequently are totally unmar kefcable and would be a total losl where livestock are not kept. Thesis crops are fully utilized on the livestock live-stock farm and return a profit Instead of a loss. 'Waste land and cornera that are difficult of cultivation and harvest are all profitably utilized bj livestock. Fields after harvest contain con-tain much feed of money value If narketed through livestock, which .vould 'be a total loss otherwise. The Children and Livestock One of the chief advantages of livestock live-stock farming comes from the appeal it lias to the farm boys and girls. The association with their live dumb friends gives them an interest in the production of the farm which cannot come from any other source. This interest in-terest will not only insure better work on the farm, but it will hold their attention at-tention from the glamor of the unrealities un-realities of life which are especial appealing during certain periods of the life of all boys and girls. There is no tiling necessarily or fundamentally bad in city life, but for the farm boy and girl unused to many of the city ways of doing things it does hold many opportunities for mistakes which may have a lasting effect. Livestock Farm a Business College One of the big advantages to live stock' farming lies in the opportunity it affors of making partners of the boys and girls of the farm. Poultry, hogs, sheep, and even cattle and horses can well enter into a partnership of this kind. If properly handled suon . a business can be interesting and profitable to both parties and at the same time be the means of laying the foundation of good 'business methods in the young people. Strict fairness and honesty are necessary on the part of the "grownups" if such business principles are to be instilled In the young and if the partnership" Is to succeed. suc-ceed. If a boy is given a fair business busi-ness opportunity to earn money by raising a calf or a litter of pigs and then has the responsibility of reinvesting rein-vesting and spending the money he will acquire a training and experience whicih fit tiim for similar transactons wth other men than his father. Greater Profit in Livestock Farming Finally, livestock farming' should be more profitable on the average than farming without them. A profit must, on the average, be made on Hie crops grown and also on the reeding of livestock. The two profits just as weil be combined on the same farm as to be divided between two proprietors. proprie-tors. A careful consideration of the various var-ious points involved in me discussion above should lead the adoption of the mst rational and profitable systems of permanent agriculture In the various var-ious sections, and result In a contentment con-tentment and stability in - our rural population which will indeed be the backbone of the nation. The ii.ter-mouniain we-t Is of r.ices-s r.ices-s ty and by force of nature a livest ek fctate. Utah is a typh-sl example of these states. When only approximately approximate-ly 'SI per cent of its land area was laved down in cuitivatable valleys, mother nature decided the agricultural d.-stiny of the State in no uncertain terms. Up to the present time probably prob-ably not more than one-fourth of the total tillable area has been brought under cultivation, leaving in the neighborhood neigh-borhood of 7S,0. square miles to le harvested, if at all, by livestock. Even when cultivation covers the maximum estimated area, there will still be available, In round numbers, C3,0O0 square miles of browse and native grrflsses for the production of meat and wool. This larger area cannot get away from livestock, but the advantages of livestock as a part of the operations of the farms of the cultivated area arc not always fully appreciated. The area now under cultivation and that yet to be tilled is and must be devoted quite largely to livestock product; jii. ,Tust how many livestock and what kinds can most profitably be kept on the cultivated farms of the State :s a problem largely for the future to solve. The climatic and soil conih-tions, conih-tions, size and location of the farm, shipping facilities, ownership or the farm, temperament of the owner or tenant, are all factors. It is fairly safe to assume, however, that as the farming area increases and cropping systems become more stabllzed, livestock live-stock will piny a larger and a larger part in the profits of the farming operations. op-erations. Livestock Insure a Fetile Soil. .The fertilitr of the' farming land of any country determines m a great measure tho standard of civilization which is and can be maintained. Countries with notably Infertile soil have a handicap in the national struggle strug-gle for existence which Is next to impossible im-possible to overcome. No generation has a right to leave the soil less fertile than they found it. No farmer has a right to pass on to a son a farm in a less fertile condition condi-tion than he received it. Soil fertility Is a national asset and those given stewartship over it should discharge the obligation in a very careful manner. man-ner. It is possible to main tain a fertila soil without livestock, but practically, livestock aid so materially that they can hardly be omitted from a thoughtfully thought-fully planned system of farming. Livestock Framing Stabilizes Labor Another great advantage of livestock on the farm is that they make possible pos-sible a more nearly uniform distribution distribu-tion of labor throughout the year. The more intelligent and reliable farm help will be attracted to tiie permanent, year-round positions, thus largely overcoming ov-ercoming the difficulties of the unreliability unre-liability of labor encountered in other systems of farming. On the well regulated livestock farm there is no perishable crop 'which on peril of being a loss of f full seasons work must be harvested and marketed market-ed within a week or two. Neither is the employment restricted to nor congested con-gested into the two comparatively short seasons of seed-time and harvest. True, there are crops to be seeded and harvested on the livestock farm, but most of the hay crops need oniy in-s frequent seeding and their harvest, coming as it does between seed-t.'me and harvest of other crops, provides contiD'ious and profitable summer employment em-ployment of farm labor, and relieves the otherwise congested seed-time and harvest seasons in proportion to the acre-nge in hay. The Farm and Family Labor. Another phase of the labor question which is well taken care of on livestock live-stock farms is the labor of tiie family fam-ily Especially can family labor (wlirh is usually of different ages and grades) be well and profitably marketed mar-keted on dairy farms. The boys and girls of the family can do much or the work that would otherwise require the time of a more expensive man. Driving Driv-ing the cows o and from pasture, looking aftet poultry and hogs, milking and many other things can be done as well by the children as by hired .ielp. Livestock Year-round Employment A third advantage of livestock farming farm-ing is that it gives tl a owner or operator op-erator a business which oe can operate the year round. It wot Id indeed take a good law or medical practice, or mercantile business, or any hus'ness or profession to return a good profit If It were open and running for only four to seven months of the year as Is the case with agricultural without livestock. live-stock. What actually happens, of course, In many cases is not that trte owner or operator is idle during tae time n's j farm business is closed, but that he see'.-a employment elswhere as a laborer, la-borer, or that he has aaother tiustnesa |