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Show The Riot Scene Changes DESERET NEWS SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH We Stand For The Constitution Of The United States By M. 12 A EDITORIAL PAGE SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1969 WILSON (Newsweek Feature Service) Some Ironies The familiar names quickly conjure a picture of burning buildings, soldiers with bayonets, and angry Negro mobs: Watts, Harlem, Detroit, Chicago, Newark. , Of Space Age As Having Been Divinely Inspired . J. OTHER VIEWS up -- For A St ronger U.S., Trim Defense Fat ; ; The $3 billion spending cut being forced on the Pentagon by congressional economizers may reflect in part a growing on the part of some Americans. - - But it also reflects an increasing concern over the power and influence of the complex, with its of for life. Americas way warping potential And it most certainly reflects a growing disgust with miwar-wearine- ss military-industri- al But this summer the names are different and the picture is blurred. The 40 cities that have seen racial strife sound like a roster of hometown America: Kokomo, Utica, Red Bank, Middletown, Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids. Moreover, the riots have been smaller, and there have been no major outbreaks in the big, northern ghettos. From Engineer Magazine, Engineers Joint Council, New York. ' By the year 2000, we will have exhausted such vital resources as iron, lead, copper and nickel, among others, if population increase continues at its current rate, a recent book predicts. A United Nations report foresees the end of life on earth if present trends continue. . . As man stepped on the moon, his fellows on tirth stepped ever higher to avoid the trash in city streets. While spacemen view our planet in brilliant clarity from a quarter of a million miles away,, its inhabitants cant see City Hail for the smog. As the astronauts drink pure water made available by advanced technology, Clevelands Cuyahoga River catches fire and Lake Erie dies. While our spacecraft soar unhindered and our astronauts log millions of miles in space without a fatality, our cities are strangled, our airports jammed, and 50,000 people die in auto accidents every' year. The costs of our technologically boosted gains in agricultural production are only now becoming apparent in massive fish kills and disruption of the Few people feel very confident about or analyzing what may be the end of a string of long, hot sumjust a lull in mers. But there is widespread agreement that the riot pattern is changing. , litary profligacy, inefficiency, and waste. In fairness to the defense establishment, it should be recognized that it is civilians, not military people, who make Americas world-wid- e commitments. As for the rising costs of military hardware, inflation . Jsnt confined to civilian goods, and more complex weapons are necessarily more expensive. Over the past decade the price of materials used in weapons has increased 50 per cent. The Mustang fighter plane of World War II, for example, required s of engineering for its design and develop250,000 ment. A fighter pLne produced by the same company now s of engineering. requires 18.44 million . . Moreover, it would certainly be folly for America to 'Impair its defenses when the Communists are growing more belligerent. The rape of Czechoslovakia, the Pueblo hijacking, 1 reconnaisance plane, the rearmament the loss of the of Egypt, the Soviet naval buildup in the Mediterranean, and the .continuing supply of arms to North Vietnam and North Korea amply demonstrate the continuing need for the U.S. to remain prepared. But there is also ample evidence the U.S. can reduce mil; itary spending substantially without lowering its guard. Kow? By. trimming fat. . ; ; A year ago Congressional Quarterly noted that the Army Jn particular was support-heavwith only 360,000 combat troops out of a total manpower force of more than 1.5 million. In Vietnam alone, where riflemen are considered the single 'most important measure of combat strength, the U.S. is field- -' ing only 40,000 riflemen out of the 525,000 military men it has in that area. The situation hasnt changed materially. Only last May it was disclosed that the Air Force agreed to pay $5.2 billion for 120 C5A supertransport planes instead of-- the $2.9 originally estimated. The Pentagons explanations would have been more convincing if it hadnt tried to hide the $2.3 billion increase, which by itself would account for all but $T00 million of the amount that Congress is now forcing the Defense Department to trim from its budget. '; Sen. William Proxmire of Wisconsin put the $3 billion cutback in defense spending in proper perspective when he obman-hour- man-hour- EC-12- . y, served: By cutting waste, contract overruns, foolish projects, and the disproportionate number of troops, this country could be more secure than it is. ;t i; supply-to-comb- at Protect Swimmers . ;At first glance, it would seem a simple matter to rope off a swimming area to keep swimmers in and boaters out, and thus help prevent the type of accident which seriously injured a 14- year-ol- d Kaysville girl hit by a boat recently while swimming at Bear Lake. ; Unfortunately, such is not the case. Tangled lines of government responsibility and apathy at resorts have made it 'that way. Because Bear Lake (like Lake, Powell and Flaming Gorge reservoirs) is an interstate waterway, touching more than one 'state, it comes under federal supervision. Before a buoy, marker, dock or harbor can be placed, it must have the approval of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, whose closest office is in California. ' The State Board of Health must certify swimming areas for safety. In the past, the health board has been reluctant to designate some areas for swimming in lakes and reservoirs because of the rapid buildup of the bacteria count when particular areas are used extensively for swimming. Lack of current and any effective method of treating the water facilitate the bacteria buildup. Moreover, a resort owner must request a designation for such a swimming place before the Board of Health can act. Many resorts have been slow or reluctant to act. As a result, swimmers and boaters now tend to invade areas that should be out of bounds to one or the other for safety reasons. Boating regulations already require that the operator of a motor boat shall not exceed a slow, wakeless speed, when , within 150 feet of swimmers or a designated swimming area. And swimmers who venture too far from shore into traditional boating lanes are inviting trouble. But better protection for swimmers is needed and could be provided through improved coordination among the Corps of Engineers, State Parks and Recreation Division, and the State Health Department. Among the most frequent exnlana-tion- s: The people of the ghettos see no profit in more destruction in their own neighborhoods. Instead, more of them are tunneling their rebellion through militant organizations, programs and demonstrations against specific tarbig-cit- y gets. y police are now better equipped, better trained, more confident and cooler. Awareness of their prepared- ness and of equipment like the machine that can spray rioters with smoke and pepper irritant for 10 minutes has psychologically deterred would-brioters in big cities. So has the law and order issue, which apparently has shown that most people, including many Negroes, will not stand for more turbulence, Big-cit- , Curb Sign Vandals ' When vandals destroy highway signs, as they did to the extent of $1,500 worth of damage to 40 signs in the Kamas area this week, they not only cause a considerable financial loss to the state but also can endanger motorists. But sign vandalism wont be curbed unless citizens w:ho witness such acts notify law enforcement officers. As an incentive to do so, a $200 rew ard is offered for information leading to the apprehension and conviction of vandals. The possible consequence of knocking over a stop sign, for instance, can easily be imagined if a motorist unfamiliar With local roads happens upon the scene. Even discounting the danger, destruction of highway . signs costs Utah taxpayers between $150,000 and $165,000 a , year. Such careless deeds are paid for by all the taxpayers through increased taxes, higher insurance rates, and fewer facilities and services. Even the vandal himself shares in these losses. If hes a taxpayer, the money comes out of his pocket. If hes too young to pay taxes, the money comes out of his parents pockets. So get smart, all you roadside marksmen who like to take pot shots at highway signs. You prove nothing but how thoughtless and childish you are. And you risk getting slapped with a fine of up to $299 and as much as six months behind bars.' h h ecology. We spend $80 billion a year on armaments, give or sell our obsolete arms to people who need food into the and bousing more, and rush development and manufacture of weapons still more frightful than those we already have. Events are moving faster than we are we think in terms of 3 billion people while the actual world 8 bilpopulation is closer to 4 billion and will be 2000. the lion by year We have the technology now to control population increase, to provide pure water, to dean our lakes and rivers, to replace and rebuild our cities and our transportation systems, to educate people all everywhere. We do not have the money for moon to the time same the trips these and at and for more and bigger weapons systems. These facts, ironies and paradoxes prevent new establish priparameters within which we must orities. Man must go to the moon, but he must also akg a better life for himself here on earth. To do both, we need to measure the benefits of pell-me- e Small cities have suffered a time-laand are now at the point their y cousins reached several years ago. Their police have had less training and react more emotionally. Negro militancy is developing in these smaller towns for the first time. g, big-cit- "The ghetto people know they're the ones who suffer most in riots" and there has been more restraint in their actions." people had been wounded and one person actions, says a Justice Department offi-wrial. They want to avoid being hurt. In many big cities, police attempts to improve community relations have paid off. A number of police forces have told their men to become social workers as a means of crime prevention, in one officers words. Many have stepped up black recruitment. The gap between cop and black citizen has narrowed. Newark had a quite different story this year. Last spring, after a Negro boy was shot by a policeman, large, threatening crowds gathered. The 1967 riot, which left 26 dead, had started much the same way. This time, the citys entire force of 1,300 policemen was called up and order was restored in one night One widespread fear, at the same time, has proved to be unjustified. Earlier this year, there was some alarm that the summer would bring outright guerril- There is little doubt that enforcement agencies have grown more efficient at riot control. The symbol of their progress is an basement in the Pentagon where, amid computers and There is also some evidence that some Negroes have adapted the three-ac- t drama made popular by college protesters: demands, demonstrations, then disorders. A black campaign against a Cairo, HI., vigilante group followed that pattern, and so did a strike by black hospital workers in Charleston, S. C. la warfare, particularly against the dead. police. The fears were based largely on the Cleveland riot of last summer, when police and black snipers fought an open battle and 10 people were killed. Sniping, moreover, was reported in several riots early this summer. But those reports proved false, and some urban analysts have berated the press for spreading inflammatory misinformation. The Lemberg Center for the Study of Violence, at Brandeis University, has assessed 100 past riots and found that only 25 involved snipers. Of those, only eight incidents were clearly planned. - - ' There have been several direct clashes between Black Panthers and police in 1969, notably in Chicago, where five policemen were wounded in an attack on party headquarters. But in many of the smaller cities, the riots have followed an old pattern: a single incident sparked the blow-u- fr In York- - Pa., instance, a black youth accidentally burned himself with lighter fluid. Afraid of punishment from his parents, he said white youths had set him on fire. That night, there were fights between armed black and white gangs, and when Gov. Raymond Shafer called in the National Guard five days later, 37 Some analysts believe major riot are a thing of the past, but others fear that new violence teletype machines, nine units maintain surveillance of 150 racially troubled teams. If cities as trouble starts, their computers can quickly provide information on military resources available in the area. But some analysts have been saying for months that major riots are a thing of the past in any case. Partly because of the war on poverty, and partly because of the new black the ghettos are far more organized than they were several years ago. People who once rioted, the theory goes, now put their energies into working for community causes.. The ghetto people know theyre the ones who suffer most in riots and there has been more restraint in their well fed up with foreign aid as it how much American help a country would get, its leaders seemed to hold that the friend of my enemy is Although the Organization for Economic and Development (OECD) has recently issued an attractive television my enemy. has been practiced in the past Mr. Jones JENKIN LLOYD JONES film, Enough, Not to spur donor countries into giving more, the dience may be cool. au- In a speech last September to his board of governors, Robert McNamara, president of the World Bank, said: While the requirement for assistance was never higher, the will to provide it was never lower. And the disenchantment of the rich with the future of development aid was fed by performance deficiencies of many of the poorer nations. Blatant mismanagement of economies; diversion of scarce resources to wars of nationalism; perpetuation of discriminatory systems of social organization and income distribution have been all too common. That isnt the half of it. In Americas experience, hatred of our country was often generated in direct proportion to the help we tried to give. The bigger the American presence in terms of doctors, nurses, teachers, ;ood and public works, the louder the howl grew about our imperialism. Governments which didnt know how to govern could always turn a restive mob down a side street to besiege the U.S, Embassy and burn the USIS. No matter Thus when we gave arms to India to blunt the Red Chinese threat, the Pakistanis turned on Americans in a fury. When Pakistan invaded the Rann of the Indians were outraged because the tanks were gifts of America. Because of much American sympathy toward Biafra, the Nigerian government has recently thrown out the Peace Corps. Kutch, Not that aid isnt desperately needed. In the past six years, according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, the per capita income of black Africans has increased just 1. Unless there are some dramatic improvements in African economy, no one really thinks the per capita income will maintain even this miniscule rise, for of the worlds people live in poor countries and at the present rate the population of the world will double in 3 J years. three-quarte- Christopher Eckenstein, a Swiss economist now with the United Nations, sees a ray of sunshine in the slowdown of foreign aid enthusiasm among the richer nations. Perhaps, he hopes, it will force backward countries to get moving on all their brave plans for regional free trade areas and for the development of industries which enjoy wider markets. So far, says Eckenstein, only two such groupings have shown real promise the common market of Kenya, Tanzania and n Uganda, and the Common Market. But Tom five-natio- n Central-America- own technology. If we can cooperate at the technical levd; If, the space program can become a . for example, we will have truly international effort, then of many worldsolution toward the way opened wide problems that drain money and talent from . urgent national needs. The Farm Wins Out Others fear that new violence is in the making. One Federal intelligence official says, We thought we had backlash three or four years ago, but we have it now. In many cities, like Detroit, there is a of the white and black work- Eilarization is almost unbreachable ? From - But in general, Miss Knopf sees a more muted and drawn-ou- t pattern tak- . ing shape. There has been a decrease in the number of large-scal- e disturbances, she says. Tactics involving nonviolent forms like the seizing of buildof aggression have become more common. If I ings may predict, we may see more demands issued and more protracted disturbances over the issues which are not being .. v The backward countries are certainly going to need help from people, but since they have behaved with so much ingratitude and since so much foreign aid has sunk without a trade, how are they going to get it? better-organiz- The answer may lie in more development loans by international agencies, supported according to some reasonable formula by the advanced countries, and handed out according to some pretty hardboiled business principles. For example, a $78 million fertilizer plant is planned in West Pakistan that will have World Bank money, U.S. AID loans and private capital from the Dawocd Industrial Group o? Pakistan and the Hercules Chemical Co. of America. The private investors will ran it and expect it to make money. thfe hard-workin- g open-minde- . , Latin American Free The much-toute-d Trade Assn, which was to include ail South America plus Mexico is still a dream,' and little has been accomplished in Central and West Africa. cities are foTthe birds. . The study was made for, the National Rural but by independAssm Electric ent researchers who say they Interviewed residents in cities, suburbs and boon docks In equal numbers. Sounds fair enough. These are some of the results: Rural people are thought to far surpass big , city people in being warm and friendly to otters, being honest in business dealings and enjoying . good health. the lesser margins, wintry cousins are By and more acsupposed to be more tive in community affairs and heres a surprise life.-- they get more real fun out of d about to When it comes being other peoples opinions, its a toss-uThe city slickers are way out front in being on what is going on in the world, . And whos way ahead in having a lot of tension and pressure in their daily lives? Naturally, the frazzled urbanites. More: If they could live anywhere they wanted to, over half the interviewees would live in small towns, rural areas next, big cities last! Wheres the best place to raise children? Small towns, said 53 per cent; rural areas, 38 per cent; big cities, 5 per cent Also, most people believe there is more poverty and much worse housing in the cities than in the countryside; in the quality of schools, they give the cities a slight margin. The study didnt analyze the reasons behind these findings, so lets take a crack at it The old refrain remember the good old days? is still working. Evidently a lot of city people who grew up In the small towns look back with fond nostalagia at the days of their carefree youth, compare that glorified memory with them, present assortment of bills and harassments in. town, and vote for the past Despite the fact they probably never had it so good. Everybody, everywhere, tbe last couple years has been worked into a thick lather over the plight of our cities, including traffic jams, riots, welfare costs and crime. So lots of people feel city equals trouble and are convinced the grass is greener outside. think resolved. Mboya, the author of the African experiment, has been assassinated, and in Central America El Salvador and Honduras went to war after a heated soccer game. the Evansville, Ind., Press A recent report claims an overwhelming maopinjority of Americans have an extremely high and areas rural and towns small in life of ion There may also be more direct clashes between police and groups like the Black Panthers. Militants really believe the police are out to exterminate them all, says Miss Knopf. So they stockpile arms. The police infiltrators learn of the stockpiling and begin surveillance. The spying makes the militants more convinced of the notion of extermination. The stage is set for battle. A New Concept Of Foreign Aid The word is finally getting around the world that the wealthier nations, and particularly the United States, are pretty with otter nations piling our technicalto resources should protect our we which against the degree The university disturbances have paved the way, says Terry Ann Knopf, a researcher at the Lemberg Center. The student demands, in many instances, were met. This has been noticed by blacks. . is in the making. as ll GUEST CARTOON Last year of the $51 million lent by International Finance Corp., a World Bank subsidiary, $18 million was taken over by private investors. If prosperous nations and particularly Uncle Sam quit sending their government employes in to administer the spending of direct gifts or loans, there will be less excuse for native politicians to lainch hate campaigns and start burning our flags. You dont rough up your banker if you want further credit, and maybe the way to cure foreign aid is to put it into the hands of a lot of pretty glassy-eyed international bankers. The lion and the mouse Christian (clone Monitor |