Show THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE SUNDAY MORNING MARCH 8 1938 rove Border Forts Area on River (Continued from Pace One) Ont) and theremnants of the clauses of the Versailles £eaty Ready to Reenter League y £ Der Fuehrer declared that reborn as a world power jvas ready to reenter the league of nations but as a' comrade rather Jban as a conquered nation Then in an effort to prove that Jils act was the will of the German people he dissolved the natiorf’s parliament the Reichstag and ordered elections for March 29 It is ((lie comp6sitoji of tjie Rejrhstag 'hlch determines the government of Germany Hitler called his action a move for pegee He offered to sign a pact with nonaggression France and Belgium with Great Crltaln and Italy as guarantees Offers Friendship a offered friendship to and Czechoslovakia ? He assured Poland that Germany 4iad no designs on Ppmorze the polish corridor to the Baltic Sea r (But the French and Belgian governments alarmed canceled all leaves for their soldiers The British Government consulted immediately With diplomats of Belgium France tnd Italy the cosignatories of the Locarno pact) The German gbvernment’s action Vas delivered with the suddenness eo characteristic of Hitler He called Jhe members of the diplomatic corps including William E Dodd JJnited States ambassador to his fhanceliery and delivered to them W memorandum setting forth what Lg intended to do Russ Treaty Cited He told the diplomats that Germany was alarmed by the recently Concluded treaty of military alliance between France and Soviet Russia and stated: “The obligations which France assumed in the new pact are not Compatible with her obligations nder the Rhine pact" J He referred to the agreement by which both France and Germany promised to keep their soldiers out l the Rhineland the area into Which the soldiers of the Reich parched today 4 Ger-tnan- 'y str s He sald- - that government had no assurance that France Could not elect a communist government and he declared that in filch case France would be governed from Moscow and' not from Paris (France recently elected a Second communist member to the fjsnateX L Border Safeguarded !He continued: “In the Interest of the primitive right of a nation to Secure her own borders and to aafeguard her possibilities of de- - German government Jense beginning today restored the (full unmitigated sovereignty of the Reich in the demilitarized zone of the Rhineland” eBut stated Hitler the world should not consider this act mili Sant "In order" he said “to pledge defensive character of Jhe purely measures beyond peradven-Jur- e of doubt and in order further to give expression to its eternally Constant yearlng for the real pacification of Europe and states having ygual rights and enjoying equal fespect the German Reich government declares Itself willing on the jasis of the following proposals to enter upon new arrangements for jhe erection of a new system- for the safeguarding of the peace of the Eu-Jop- His suggestion embraced six Joints: J Treaties among Germany France and Belgium creating new demilitarized zones along their frontiers A nonaggression pact mong Germany France and Belgium The inclusion of Great Britain and Italy as guarantors of this 3 feact 4In The inclusion of the Netherlands this pact 5 A general defensive aviation agreement among all western European nations to guard against a sudden attack by anyone 4 A nonaggrsslon pact with Poland and other nations on Germany’s ' s V i 3 German reichswehr parading with the famous “goose step” used before the World war by the kaiser’s soldiers These form part of the vast military machine being moved into the Rhine region by Hitler’s orders Helmets and British Leaders Plan to Proceed ‘Coolly- - Conference Is Slated at Country Home of Prime Minister Week-En- d March 7 UP) — Neutral diplomatic circles after a careful study of Adolf Hitler's memorandum believed the situation created today by the German remilitarization of the Rhineland is far from desperate if France remains calm and does not demand forceful action A week-en- d conference at- - the home of Prime Minister country was Baldwin hurriedly arStanley ranged by Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden after he had discussed Hitler’s bold move with the French and Italian ambassadors and the Belgian charge d'affaires The government authoritative sources said will proceed "coolly calmly and carefully” A cabinet session is scheduled for Monday LONDON Military (servers generally agreed Hitler’s action came at a moment embarrassing to Britain both diplomatically and militarily because of the precautions v : U near the Mediterranean together with between 300 and 400 airplanes 40000 troops and between 30000-anin Egypt Britain is in a poor condition to assert Its voice in western European affairs observers believed If any of these ships planes and Of Sudden War Diplomatic Maneuvering May Add Graver NEW YORK March 7 (AP) — The Rhine valley being remilitarized by Germany was a doughboy’s elysium for 200000 American troops back is 1919 The “Amerocs” as they were called moved into Coblenz under command of Major General Henry T Allen shortly after the armistice was signed Headquarters were set up in Ehrebreitsein castle on a high promontory over- Complications ! his' visits The German inhabitants of the district were most friendly to the Americans and many a fraulein became a doughboy’s “missus” By October 1919 however the number of Americans still “occupying” the Rhine had dropped to 21445 and a little later the force was fixed at 15000 Two years later this number was halved and in March 1922 President soldier evacuated to the Harding ordered every American ‘ " " TJnTled Slates The last of the American army of the Rhine boarded box cars January 10 1923 to start for home Highlights of Locarno And Versailles Pacts troops were withdrawn for concentration at home It would likely give Mussolini a freer hand in Ethiopia and perhaps endanger the vital Suez sailles treaty Part III contained canal link to the far east the “political clauses for Europe” Road Workers Killed Section III follows: MIAMI Fla March 7 (UP)— R LEFT BANK OF THE RHINE H Mills 38 gravel contractor and Article 42 four negro laborers employed by Germany is forbidden to mainMills in a rock quarry near here were killed today by a dynamite ex- tain or construct any fortificaplosion Two other negroes were in- tions either on the left (west) jured bank of the Rhine or on the right cheered their leader’s bank to the west of a line drawn reichstag words until they were hoarse OiTt BO kilometers (3105 miles) to the in the streets traffic stopped while east of the Rhone the citizens gathered around radio Article 43 In the area defined above the loudspeakers to hear his voice People cheered In the streets in maintenance and the assembly of unison with the cheers In the reich- armed forces either permanently or temporarily and military mastag Nazi flags suddenly flew from all neuvers of any kind as well as the public buildings and most homes upkeep of all permanent works as well in celebration of what the for mobilization are in the same government termed "the regained way forbidden German freedom” Article 44 In case Germany violates In any Early Completion A government announcement said manner whatever the provisions be the reoccupation of the Rhineland of articles as42 and 43 she aehall hostile committing regarded n grey-greethe be will by troops act against the power signatory completed tomorrow of the treaty and as calApproximately 15000 men will be culated present to disturb the peace of the stationed there Nine' thousand infantrymen and world 2500 artillerymen are going into the Theft Reported area from the interior of Germany The area between the Black forest Theft of a purse containing $16 and the Rhine was assigned the and personal papers from her office heaviest concentrations at the Mountain Fuel Supply comOther units Include air corps pany Saturday morning was reportgroups and antiaircraft detach- ed to police by Miss Gladys Smith ments 1194 McClelland avenue Thousands of Alsatians stood silently at the Stprsbourg end of the Rhine bridge nd watched intently gloomily as German troops took their positions at the other end The fortifications are Franoe’s answer to remilitarization of the Rhine At many points they are invisible Posts in Fields In places concrete pill boxes rise out of fields in which farmers were plowing today for their spring planting Each pill box cost from $20000 to $40000 to build But they are so placed half a mile apart that from Belgium to Switzerland their cross fire is assured In such a way They stand ready to protect France against invasion French Fearful The French ever fearful of the threat of war from across ' the Rhine had foreseen the events of this fateful day Their officers — on the French icic of the Rhine- - were grim but! as to provide a wall of buljcts to onl prevent enemy passage The 200 miles stretch from LuxThey granted their troops limited leaves of absence until midnight embourg to Basle is balanced by an and then abruptly canceled Sun- interlocked string of fortresses day leaves as the German forces ranging from a narrow line at certook up their positions at the tain points to 20 miles deep at others bridgehead By United Frees The Locarno treaty regarded as the most important single diplomatic document in Europe is as follows: 1 Treaty of mutual guarantee among Germany Belgium France Great Britain and Italy conven2 Two arbitration and tions German-Frenc- h also two arbitration treaties German-Polis- h ' By Associated Press WASHINGTON March 7— Al- looking the river The troops’ early grumbling at not being sent right back to America quickly turned to complaisant sighs as the weary doughboys found the climate delightful food first rate discipline at a minimum and the paymaster most regular in By United Press The demilitarization of the German Rhineland was effected by section III part III of the Ver- Authorities Minimize Danger Italo-Ethiopl- By WAVERLY ROOT United Press Staff Correspondent Copyright 1936 by United Press STRASBOURG France March 7 (Ah— France’s $100006000 steel and concrete secret frontier fortificaUnderstanding” Cites Withdrawal tions bristled with guns today as This was the dream he said but German troops stomped to the the reality was that the league French frontier world the as regarded Separated into victors and vanquished and Germany for the honor of her own people had to withdraw from the qjhter classification "The German people need no spe-$aid for maintaining their life” Es declared "They merely wish to have no less favorable chances than tjiose afforded other nations" Observers of the proceedings said tiey felt that by offering to return to the League of Nations Hitler tyid made it Impossible for the leagus to Invoke sanctions against Germany 1 The men who faced Hitler In the c if Weary Doughboys Found Valley Delightful and German: Inhabitants Friendly delivered his memthe ood-so- Ss s : Remilitarized Area Was Yanks’ Haven France’s Forts on Frontier pastern border After he had orandum to diplomats Hitler the reichstag and talked Bristling With Hidden Guns hours the Went before two to accompaniment gf cheers from his loyal legislators Ho told them in detail what he Had done He paid tribute to Wilson as a statesman who had Envisaged a league of all nations destined to bring peoples nearer (ach other in mutual regard and France their unlimited backing against Germany’s abrogation of the Locarno pact The ambassadors of the two staXv ' ' tions officials declared told French ' v w f i '' s ' Foreign Minister Plerre-Etienn- e Flandin that- - their governments marching equipment of the present nazi army bear a star- were with France "to the limit" In action against the reich tling resemblance to the “gray hordes” which swept across any Authoritle-salthe thttt Belgium and into France at the beginning ' of ’the great drastic military order fordespite garrison19i4 of world conflict in the fatal summer fortifications on the northeast — — ing — frontier of France which included the cancellation of all army leaves the ftext military class would hot S be called to thi colors before its time nor would any of the recently demobilized troops be called to duty The government announced the promised Calmy? Lith-iiani- — March 7 W) —The movement of Germart Paris to Ask League for Sanctions Against Germany Nazi Troops Pour Into Cities of Forbidden Jiact Press Expert Splits N Y Gives View on Stock Mart Europe Crisis NEW YORK j Occupies Zone (Continued from Ptg Nasi Action French Speed Soldiers Into Reich Scraps Peace Treaty and 3 Collective allied note to Germany explaining implications of article XVI— the penal article— of the league of nations covenant The mutual guarantee treaty mentioned above provides: 1 Signatories guarantee the Inviolability of the German-Belgla- n German-French frontiers as ?nd by the Versailles treaty 2 Germany Belgium and France promise never to attack Invade or wage war against each other except in “legitimate de- -' fense” or as the result of a league obligation 3 Germany Belgium and France promise to settle disputes by pacific means 4 If any party to ths treaty violates paragraph 2 regarding waging of war each will come to the aid of the nation which the league holds to have been attacked In case of “flagrant” violation signatories will come to the defense of the nation attacked That is if Frande attacked Germany Belgium Great Britain and Italy would go to Germany’s aid troops would go into the 150 miles of fortification slong the Germn froutlef bn a fuil war looting Fill up Gaps Not only were the fortifications being manned but the gaps between the famous steel and cement pill boxes were being filled with troops A government spokesman said that Germany’s occupation of the previously demilitarized zone was not “simply symbolic" and that Germany's forces in the Rhineland were equal to those on the French side of the frontier The spokesman said its military measures would not be ' Increased "untjt'after the league council shall Gerhave formally pronounced many’s violation of the- treaty" Force If Necessary French officials said the word "utmost” meant everything that the League of Nations and the Locarno treaty signatories might decide Ger-man- Plerre-Etienn- er er at Coblenz Mainz Co- positions logne and Frankfort where allied soldiers were garrisoned for the BUCHAREST March 7 OP) — The seven years following the World Rumanian defense council tonight war Such action is specifically prowas called to a special session Monday to devise means for improv- hibited by the Locarno treaty Germany's repudiation of the de ing and rapidly increasing the namilitarized zone wrecks the last tion’s armaments The counctt conslsts of King Carol of the military clauses of the Verformer premiers- and the general sailles treaty the others having beeii repudiated by Hitler when staff of the army he reestablished compulsory miliThe newspaper which usually reflects the tary service rebuilt an air corps attitude of Premier Tltelscu pre- and constructed new submarines— dicted that the League of Nations all acts prohibited by the Versailles would apply economic sanctions convention French military experts said the against Germany as a result of reFrench army already is outnummilitarizing the Rhineland on Reichsfuehrer bered by that of Germany They Commenting Hitler’s speech before the reichstag said France had 700000 In military the newspaper said “Germany is service but that only 500000 of laughng today but France and En- them were In France while they 0 gland will be laughing tomorrow” estimated the German army at men France's strong defenses on the east were ordered further strengthened General Bertrand Puzo was placed In command of the' French - semi-offici- al Italy Prepares For Mobilizing ROME March 7— (HAVAS)-Fas- cist headquarters throughout Italy tonight were ordered to stand by for a mobilization order of the civil population of the entire nation as the government prepared for any emergency resulting from Germany's denunciation of the Locarno treaty Government leaders are conJB vinced the situation resulting from the relch's action affords an occasion for Great Britain to demonstrate Its attachment t6 the prinGENEVA March 7 0P—The Ethl-oplaciples of the League of Nations’ government protested the covenant If Britain bases its action exclusively on these principles bombing of a Red Cross station In to the League of Nations it was said Italy will Jiave to- de- a telegram f today Gerclare Itself opposed to the The protest cited the alleged man initiative bombing of a British Red Choss ambulance Thursday which resulted in Sea Cadet in Port reports of the death of Major G A VFRA CRUZ Mexico March 7 Burgoyne a transport officer in (UP) The United States training the Ethiopian Red Cross "The Red Cross ’ambulance and ship California State with 90 cadets abroad arrived today from Central British flags of large dimensions American ports A party of officers were prominently displayed all over and cadets will visit Mexico City the camp” the government’s protest before continuing the voyage aid Ethiopia Files omb Protest - - $2 at at $285 i Boeing $2550 France Unlikely to Be Stampeded Into Any Overt Action Does Germany’s remilitarization of the Rhineland mean war or peace in Europe? Ed L Press vice president and dean of foreign correspondents in Europe discusses the fateful events of Saturday in the following’ dispatch Keen-Unite- up $187 New York up $125 at Ship- $69 building Phelps Dodge up $150 at $3725 and Wright Aero up $9 at s $95 Russians Await s one Only the events of the next few days can supply the answer to the many questions prompted by reading today’s news from Berlin One Difference Paris Reaction On Hitler Move German Troop Move May Hasten Ratification of Soviet Pact By Associated Press MOSCOW March 7 UP— Russia looked toward France tonight for reaction from Reichfuehrer Hitler’s attack on the proposed Franco-sovitreaty for mutual military assistance Among unofficial observers the feeling was expressed that the marching of German troops Into the Rhineland might hasten France’s ratification of the treaty Comment Lacking No comment came from the foreign office pending the receipt of the full text of Hitler’s speech Oberservers asked if Hitler’s move would make the French wary of possible consequences o I a pact with Russia and thus forestall ratification or would lead the French to believe that French security neratificacessitates an immediate et Althougjhuln many respects the situation is parallel to 1914 there' is one distinct difference — the element of surprise In 1914 the world was wholly unprepared for the uivexpected action of the German kaiser But Fuehrer Adolf Hitler's denunciation of the Locarno pact and the Rhineland clause of the Versailles treaty was long threatened by the fuehrer himself Certainly France was not taken unawares She has spent many months In military preparations along her frontier— she has engaged in diplomatic activity to meet any possibilities arising from the eventuality of Hitler’s action Won’t Be Stampeded It is exceedingly unlikely that France will be stampeded into any overt act the result of which might bring about the crash of civilization On the contrary we expect here that every effort for a peaceful solution will be made by the League of Nations the world court and other means to prevent such a calamity Some amelioration of the situation In case of a latter reaction in tion is found in Hitler’s word that the- present Gcrman Parisit-wa- s suggested-Hitler-wmUHary move — have played directly into Moscow's into the Rhineland Is merely symhands Soviet spokesman have bolic r been Insisting that the danger of Several times since the Saar terwas German aggression was as great ritory returned to the father-lanHitler has declared that Gerfor France as for the soviet union many no longer has any point of World Strongest - itt - The red army was recently brought up to a strength of 1300-00- 0 men Its air force is generally classed as one Of the strongest in the world The German contention that the Franco-soviis a military alliance directed against Germany has been denied here repeatedly and therefore no doubt exists as to the tone of the reaction In the soviet against Hitler's statements Russian spokesmen referring to Hitler’s statement that nazi Germany is a bulwark for preventing the spread of communism pointed out that the communists say they do not regard "revolution” as exportable and that their huge mlli tary machine Is "purely defensive" et difference with France France Speculates Consequently it Is little wonder that France speculates upon how much credit it can attach to the German proposal to negotiate a' new treaty to replace Locarno If the reich so easily reneges on treaty signatures Neutral observers taking careful-stocof the situation doubted that Hitler’s gesture would bring war But there Is no doubt but that it has knocked another essential prop from under Europe’ tottering its-ow- n peace structure Information has reached French and British military authorities thatr Germany is not ready for war and thatxthe German general staff told Hitler so is so many words last-nig- Belgium Stops Troops Leaves 9 BRUSSELS March 7 (JPI — Leaves of absence of all Belgian troops stationed in eastern frontier garrisons were canceled tonight by the Belgian government The military order was announced In newspapers after Premier Paul van Zeeland had conferred with King Leopold and participated in conference with British French and Italian ambassadors to Brussels The government sought to keep the population of the capital calm after the reich speech of Adolf Hitler by broadcasting appeals urging the people not to accept alarming reports the old dictatorship— from the war ministry He gave the war portfolio to General Ljubomlr Marie chief of staff of the army The population was excited by the swift change of events but no disorders were reported France is Increasing Its shipments of manufactured articles to the United States ' 600-00- aerial defense along the Rhineland with orders to have his organization In fighting trim by March 15 ' By ED L KEEN Copyright 1936 by United Press PARIS March 7— Are we nearer a world war because German tfoop4 marched into the Rhineland today as Fuehrer Adolf Hitler denounced of the the last repressive-measureVersailles treaty? Whether hostilities are Impending because of an event very similar to the fearing up of a “scrap of paper” 22 pesrs 'ago is doubtless the question arming in ths minds of (Yen’? -- though eyeing the German situation intently authoritative governmental quarters today were Inclined to minimize the- danger of any Immediate armed conflict in Europe as a result of Adolf Hitler’s remilitarization of the Rhineland Instead they forecast a period of diplomatic maneuvering which- was considered almost certain to add even forcei if that were found necesnew and graver complications to an sary after' all other means failed already disturbed European picThe government asked that Gerture many be punished for sending troops Study Assertion into the area ordered demilitarized Diplomatic officials throughout by the treaty of Versailles It was announced that Premier the capital studied the asertion here by Dr Hans Luther German am- Sarrqut will go before his cabinet bassador to the United States that tomorrow and propose that the ttr the the nazi chancellor desired to broad- German case en the basis for peace in Europe league council as a violation of Luther who signed the Locarno the Locarno and Versailles treaties pact for Germany told newspaperLeaves Canceled men Hitler's denunciation of that The leaves of all members of the treaty was a "constructive” move army were canceled and the soldiers y He asserted toward peace were ordered to report to their would-kvup to4h principles pbstSat'bnce of Locarno when other signatories e Flandin foreign did likewise minster told Great Britain BelState department officials ob- gium and Italy as cosignatures of viously pleased that the German the Locarno pact that Reichs-fuehraction does not Involve the United Hitler had violated that States directly in any way withheld treaty comment He made this declaration through Voice Opinion the three nations’ ambassadors to On Capitol hill however Chair- Paris and asked them to submit it man Pittman (D Nev) of the sen- immediately to their respective govate foreign relations committee ernments accused voiced the opinion shared by many Flandin of Hitler that the situation now is "exceed- "double dealing” in promising on March 2 that he would negotiate ingly grave” Sources close to government quar- a treaty of friendship with France ters indicated a belief that Hitler’s and then announcing the denunmove was not entirely unexpected-I- t ciation of the Locarno pact today was oh the theory that it had Cites Statement esbeen discounted in advance' The foreign minister said Franpecially in the European chanceller- cois Poncet French ambassador to ies most vitally concerned that Berlin has visited the Reichs-fuehrinformed circles based their predicwhen the first steps of the tion that a new European war was treaty of friendship had been disnot necessarily likely to follow cussed and had been told by Hitler The opinion was expressed here that a was being made of that Hitler chose this moment to the best "study to Insure Franco-Germa- n way act In the belief public opinion In France would not countenance a "Theunderstanding” next thing we knew” said military retaliation at this time and Flandin “was Hitler's announcethat the same held true with respect ment this morning" to Great Britain whose support The foreign minister informed the France would seek in such an envoys that Germany had com eventuality mitted what the Versailles treaty calls “a hostile act" by sending into the "demilitarized” troops Rumanian Defense Rhineland Positions Garrisoned Council Calls Meet Official sources were assured that the German army was taking Up To Boost Armaments troops Into the demilitarized Rhineland split the New York stock market today and sent metals and aircrafts higher but depressed other Issues Among the stocks benefiting by the nazi action were those of companies producing copper and aircrafts The Associated Press average of 50 stocks lost 60 cents at $6290 and the average for foreign bonds declined 10 cents to $7190 per $100 of value Trading on the New York axchange amounted to 1472130 shares compared with 880760 shares a week ago Among advancing stocks were Cerro de Pasco up $125 at $5350 National Lead up Closer to War But nevertheless there is no doubt but that war Is closer today than at any time since the end of the World war Much depends during the next days on Great Britain’s reply to the French query as to how England stands on German violation of th Rhineland zone Some observers believe that l£ France piobilizes Britain wM” mobilize and that perhaps t of millions of men rushing to the colors will have some effect on Hitler's plans to reoccupy and” refortify the Rhinelajid £ There are many also who believo-th- at the crisis will melt away IrC oratory and that gradually Gep many will continue to push troop£ into the Rhineland as fast as she can afford to do so “ Then she will build and mato£ France’s costly defense fortlfica- -' tions with a similar string of strong tho-sigh- - holds U S Court to Open The March term of federal courC will open Monday at Ogden Judge Tillman D Johnson Is expected t(fl issue the call for the spring grancL jury to be held there Jubilant Crowds in Berlin i Chant ‘Watch on the Rhine- - BERLIN March 7 — Germany again has a watch on the Rhine and 67000000 Germans tonight Jugoslav Premier were thrilling in gratitude to their Discards ‘Iron Man’ fuehrer for restoring the military power which has been the pride of their countrymen for centuries BELGRADE March 7 Thirty thousand stalwart soldiers Milan Stoyadinovich tonight will mount guard along the Rhinerearranged his whole government land by tomorrow night in all the taking over the post of foreign min- old garrisons of the Rhineland and ister himself and changing war the formerly demilitarized zone will be occupied ministers He discarded General Pera Zhivo-kichFor the first time since the tragic the "iron man” who helped days of 1918 when the late field the late King Alexander manage marshal Paul von Hlndenburg took his stunned and exhausted troop? from the battle field through to their homeland jusf a few miles ahead of their victor-? ious enemies the German troop marched triumphantly into tha? Rhineland this noon The whole country joined In cele-- " brations as If a great national vio-- ? tcry had boon won 'In Berlin streets tonight the ulRce and the schutzstaffel pop-- -' "the watch on the Rhine” over sang’ and? over again as they were getting ready for a torch light procession’ to take them through tho Branden’ burg gate to the fuehrer’ palaee ' ! |