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Show THE CITIZEN 6 EXACTING SUBSIDIES . Coincident with the passing of the active campaigns for the deflation of labor and the farmer there Is growing a general recognition of the necessity of conducting business, and particularly employment, on a higher plane tnan heretofore obtaining. The studies conducted. by various agencies the United States Department of Labor, the National Industrial Conference Board, It. G. Dun & Co., the New York Annalist, and others into the relation of cost of living and wage rates have resulted in educating all classes of the people to a recognition of the fact that fairness and justice demand that the person who performs useful labor for another is entitled in return therefor, as a primary consideration, to a living wage. And there is approximate agreement between these various agencies as to what constitutes a living wage. What differences still remain are due to point of view. The Department of Labor contends that the wage should not only provide a good living, health, comfort, education and reasonable recreation, but a sufficient margin in addition to permit of such savings as will guard against want in old age or other incapacity. Other agencies are not so liberal, contending only for a living wage, or a health and comfort wage. The chief value of these studies and the resultant educational effect upon the national consciousness is not that they have arrived at any definite conclusion, but that they have set the whole people to thinking constructively upon the subject. When any considerable portion of the people become engrossed in thought on any great subject there is bound to follow results beneficial to society as a whole and to most of the individual members of society. One thing becoming more and more apparent is the recognition of certain facts not heretofore regarded seriously. We have become accustomed to pursuing our individual ways, providing our own living or building up our own fortunes without thought of the effect our efforts may have on others. Indeed, we have felt that no matter what adverse effect our conduct might have on others that was not our concern. We would look out for ourselves and leave others to do likewise. If some were inadvertently hurt by our legitimate activities, that was none of our funeral, to use a slang expression. In this philosophy has reposed all the time the chief cause of most of the troubles that have afflicted society, industry and business. With the growth of population, the creation of great corporations, great manufacturing organizations, great labor unions, etc., and the application of the individual selfish philosophy to their actions, great harm has been frequently inflicted upon parties not concerned directly in the operations of these aggregations of capital and labor. Gradually we are coming to realize that our social, industrial and business fabric has become too intricate and comjQlicated for each group to pursue its own selfish ends without thought of the effect on others outside the group. The growth of power carries with It the growth of responsibility to our fellows; the protection of our rights involves also the duty of avoiding Injury to the rights of others. Since the recognition of the right of every individual performing useful service to a decent living in return for that service there has come also the recognition of other correlated modern society, the through arbitrary use of the power gained from association and combination have been exacting subsidies not warranted. The popular theory of taking all that the traffic will bear has been far too prevalent. Whenever anyone takes more, than a fair reward for the service rendered he is levying tribute on all other elements of society. When, in addition to charg. ing an unwarranted price for his product, he fails to reward his labor with a .living wage, he is increasing that subsidy at the expense of everyone else. Any deficiency in the wage less than that required to provide a decent living must be made up from some other source. When the employer is thus subsidized part of the living of his employees is made up by other elements in the community In order that he alone may make a bigger profit. When any number of workmen fail to get a living wage every merchant in the city suffers loss of trade by just that much. The only way merchants and manufacturers can be fair to eacn other is by paying their employees a wage sufficient to allow them to buy the things they need and should have. When wages are low or men out of work, every professional man in the community suffers in proportion to the deficit of the worker, because they cannot think of dental, medical and other professional services when they receive scarcely enough to buy food and clothing. A true appreciation of the principles underlying business and industrial transactions would prompt the labor man to refrain from pushing his demands past a decent living and saving wage and likewise employer and mer chant would be restrained from either exacting an unjust subsidy in the way of exorbitant prices or levying tribute on the community by underpaying his help. The low wage robs every other merchant and employer in the community as well as the workers affected. laIf low wages and the absence of bor organizations made prosperity, China should be the most progressive and prosperous nation on earth.' High wages and labor unions never afflict that benighted land. Many groups in one-tim- e , TRADE EDUCATION OF A GREAT LABOR UNION. By Fred Barker. In the sale of any product, quality and usefulness are first considerations. Prices are based on these essentials. This idea is elementary and as applied to commodities of every day purchase and sale is readily accepted. The labor union acting as a sales agency for the services of its memquality bers must also recognize-thasuccessa to essential an is of service ful business. The education of its members on industrial lines has been the big problem of the labor union. The public hears much of drastic apand prenticeship regulations of unions,which very little of the difficulties have been encountered in compelling the industries to perform their part in affording the young men who enter those trades a fair opportunity to master the details of the work. Employers in the vast majority of instances- in these modern times are satisfied to hurry thousands of young men into the industries, teach them in a short time a routine operation, and in. the end glut the market with labor which is in no sense skilled, and only under specialized conditions able to earn a livelihood In the industry. Labor unions generally hold that when an apprentice Is taken into an Industry there exists an implied agree. t - ment on the part of the employer that the boy is to be afforded an opportunity to learn the business; on the part of the apprentice that he will apply himself for the term to the employers Interest's, and when the apprenticeship period is over he will be qualified to hold his place as an all around work- Hew Materials isii An ear, teei Prices be Redui at I The Salt Lake branch, Dundee Woolen Mills, 215 Main Street, have made pealing change in their esti ment. New plate gasi windows with larger d space have been added, a as new electric signs an rors, etc. A most decided c has taken place in the in Many compliments have paid by those who have man. This implied agreement is evaded in both parties. On the one hand employers engage a boy at the lowest wages possible, place him on some minor routine job, which is soon mastered, and if no one interferes, allow him to remain there for the full apprentice term. Instead of assuming the just obligation to Industry of educating the future workmen in it. without financial loss because of low apprentice wages, these employers look to present profit and turn out inferior workmen for the future. This may be good business in a way for the employer. It gluts the mar-- , ket with mediocre workmen and makes the problem of the labor union a hundredfold greater. And then, too, apprentices who are ambitious for present profit cut their period of service and study, move from one employer to another; look only to the pay check and not to the accumulation of knowledge of the trade, which means future dividends. The apprentice problem of labor unions has been, therefore, to compel performance of both parties to the agreement, and every one of the unreasonable aDprentice rules may be traced to some abuse by employer or apprentice, and some evasion of obligations of both sides to the industry, present and future. Since the introduction of typesetting machines the International Typographical Union has given greater consideration to the apprentice prob- interested. No expense ha spared in making this the attractive mens tailoring in the city and conformi" style of Dundee stores $s itis Hit pr ini lire lTi efit pub ppl itet te the th 11 practically all large cities coast to coast. The managi announces the arrival of the largest lines of new fa rics to be seen anywhere east or west, with a reduct price in all materials. Th great inducement and con a time when most men young men have their att turned toward new fall ter suits and overcoats. flu am da eorc the ex ind the mill at anil the: eat itl m so-call- ed Eor you he the tdc ei he.' : tin . lem. Regulations governing the ter characof work during each year of the apprentice service have been laid down, and where observed faithfully have had the effect of giving the apprentice full opportunity, except in highly specialized departments of the printing business. The Union has laid down. the regulation that an apprentice shall not leave one employer for another without the consent of the former, and this has had the effect of protecting employers against an unreasonable attitude on the part of the boys. Cooperation of employers with the Union on these two features alone will mean better workmen in the printing industry, greater production and a stimulation of business in the future. Realizing that something more was Typorequired, the International established its Union has graphical educational course, supplemental which is handled by mail. In New York City and other large cities, by agreements with employers, apprentices are alloweds everal hours each week for training in a trade school where a course has been worked out to supplement the practical work of the shop. This was impossible except in a few large cities, and the course promoted by the I. T. U. is designed to attain the same end. While it is primarily designed for apprentices, many journeymen are subscribers to It, and praise it highly. The series of lessons is mailed to the students and cover all the departments of typesetting and printing from the composing room end. Individual criticism is given each student at work, and in all cases under observation, where the student has conscientiously followed in letter and spirit the course, he has made a successful and competent workman, and draws dividends at once because of ability to old-tim- e a Office Res. Phone Was. 7638) Res. 555 West 1st North C. HENDERi Furniture and Plano Mori 167 South V Salt Lib Large and Small Aulo Vans i wo i a r th Inti is r e ii all lags all lyn EVANS & Fuenl 48 EARL Direct sis tone ith of 1 ctiv loath State Itni Telephone Wasatch 8 -t- l rin ral -- H mw Minima mi minits 03terton 111 (Jafett F Home Cooked u Se! Htt iHott)trEIs(rtH ei: i Quality Cleanlin? Lunch Mu D ill 327 So. Main St, MWHIMIHMMIHaiMIIWINIMaMMMIMHWH-'111- Sa |