Show - - - peirr-tri—r-rso-p-- i 4 The Salt Lake Tribune A Tragic Family Affair: Researchers By Robin POST Tracing Family Cancer Tree Important for Any Treatment IntractAle deadly difficult to diagnose and treat cancer is an awesome disease that provokes passionate searches for the an swer to the question "Why?" Why : it strikes one person in particular why it strikes at all It has alternately been called an act of God and an act of free will a : disease that arises by chance or by the deliberate introduction of a : carcinogen into the body : Cancer is all those things but now there is growing excitement : in the field of genetics over a par: tial answer Recent discoveries bolster the idea that certain rare :kinds of cancers are an act of nature imprinted in the genes and passed on from generation to gen eration in what could be called : "cancer families" : Only a few hundred families worldwide have been identified with the two recognized "cancer family syndromes" — called - Fraumeni and Lynch — which are under intense investigation for what they might reveal about more common cancers People - with syndrome de velop virulent multiple cancers — ' among them malignancies of the breast brain lung larynx and pancreas — when young Members of these families inherit a specific genetic abnormality that results in a 50 percent chance of developing cancer over a lifetime Those with Lynch syndrome develop colon or endometrial cancer before middle age and sometimes while in their : THE WASHINGTON POST Families do not need an Alex Haley in their midst to put to- If a family member has died the closest living relative should send a written request to the hos- gether pital a family health tree or "pedigree" as geneticists call it Sometimes a call to a key aunt or uncle can help establish a basic pedigree that includes type of cancer and age at diagnosis Begin with information on relatives — parents and children Note the siblings location or type of cancer the age at diagnosis and whether the person is dead Also note multiple cancers and those that arose independently in different sites first-degre- e Because the cancer site is crucial genetic counselors prefer to document the history by seeing a Li1- pathology report Most hospitals keep these records indefinitely The defining feature of all these family cancers is that they tend to strike unexpectedly early in life decades before the national average and before screening recommended for the general population might detect them As geneticists track down the genes that go awry in families with hereditary cancers interest is snowballing among specialists in families identifying cancer-pronwhose members should be carefully monitored "Our knowledge is somewhat rudimentary but even now enough is known about cancer in the genes and cancer in families to make recommendations for citizens and doctors to be more aware of opportunities to control cancer through knowledge of geneticssaid John Mulvihill a family cancer specialist at the University of 20s e Thousands of other American families show a less distinctive but still recognizable pattern of certain cancers While these cancers are not strictly hereditary there seems to be an increased susceptibility to the disease Such cancers are labeled "familial" r As many as 25 percent of cases show a familial pattern according to one estimate About a third of them — or 7 percent of all breast tumors — are believed to be hereditary breast-cance- Tracing the cancers of second-degre- e relatives — grandparents aunts and uncles — might take more work but the information can be valuable Remember to trace both the mother's and father's side of the family even if the cancer is breast or ovarian These cancers can also be passed through the father's genes Oral family history may be unreliable because in the past cancer was not spoken of openly and gynecological problems were described in euphemisms If you were told as a child that grandma died of stomach cancer she might actually have had ovarian cancer tions account for close to 10 percent of the colorectal cases in the United States He has also founded a registry and service for people who think they might have a family pattern of cancers "If you have a patient at high risk and can define the risk you could do so much to save that person's life" he said "Taking the family history can be so simple" What is a "cancer family" given the fact that cancer is so common '- - - - --- - - Save up to 806 on cooling costs with ------- ATM EAST SEA 4 "AV l'S A GRAND OPENING the industry's best cooler evaporative to fhb cost an When THRU JUNE s Fri 61 :—- -- - :0 -- - - 1 -- - --- -- -- -- -' '"""" ? t FOR MORE INFORMATION BOUNTIFUL SERVICE LJATED DA1P NC PEF AAv HEATING CO NDiTIONING AtR & AND ASSOCIATES ALDER INC MiDVALE ROCKY 2555800 HEATING MR & ONDITIONING SOUTH HEATING 2776912 COMFORT MANWILL PLUMBING HEATING INC ROYCE'S HEATING 6 AIR A ARTISTIC JORDAN HEAING FURNACE SHEET SAVING 596-896- 3 - ' ' SA 1-- ' ei:--bli- 1 gv k II 2543952 SALT LAKE C!TY PLO HEATIN6 AR INC 561 :- : reg -- 761- 51 TECH-AI- 467 1561 566 METAL 9574 ANDRUS HEATING & AIR CONDITIONNG BINGHAM HEATING 8 AIR CONDITIONING BROOKWOOD HEATING -- ck - 4 6999 leg $10! 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J Year q-:- W colon-cance- Pittsburgh The American Cancer Society is - 419- R 110 CHLMESE AND VIETNAMESE Henry Lynch chairman of the Hereditary Cancer Institute at Creighton University School of Medicine in Omaha has insisted for 30 years that there are family patterns to the disease In the past Lynch was often derided as a "believer" who had more faith than facts regarding family cancer Lynch has since identified two r types of hereditary syndromes (Lynch syndromes I and II) and has published studies showing that genetic predisposi k Changing Messy Cooler Pads & Save tP' $500 iop- A-3- 0 liko ::: '' vo'"— r r- r - that one in four Americans will get cancer in a lifetime? By sheer chance that means that most families will lose some relatives to cancer And many families will have what looks like a cluster of cases on their family tree — three or four — that could still very well be due to chance Geneticists distinguish between two groups of cancer Most cancers which appear randomly and late in life are called "sporadic cancers They account for perhaps See Column 1 g genetic-counselin- er sues specific guidelines for cancer screening that pertain only to the general population but that may soon change Gerald Murphy the society's chief medical officer says that following two major national conferences this year on genetics and cancer treatment he is excited about the possibility of groups guidelines for high-ris"We're not ready yet to make firm recommendations" he said A29 9 1991 Probe Genetic Link to Cancer "but there is a significant body of information for potentially specific identification of more populations at risk All we used to have was a careful history and now the people doing the histories are combining with the geneticists" Cancer registries of families with high rates of the disease are cropping up around the United States and in Europe to gather information that can help researchers better understand how cancer starts in the body's cells and how best to treat it Certain highly publicized cases of family cancer have added to public awareness and spurred some to examine their own family trees for evidence of patterns Former President Carter lost his father and all three of his siblings to pancreatic cancer which struck in their 50s Comedian Gilda Radner died at age 42 of ovarian cancer having belatedly discovered a pattern of ovarian and breast cancer in her family that affected her mother aunt two cousins and probably her grandmoth- Herman THE WASHINGTON Sunday June ‘0 CARO t !1 |