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Show I REFLEX I 1 LEADER JOURNAL BULLETIN FOCUJ AUGUST 12, 1982 :Xhr ' ' .': I 9 t wv w v 0 w l!i Steftocor 1 !lv Part of the old Utah silk industry included placing the silk out on racks to dry. DRYING THE SILK CATHhKl.M By IKINKTA This is the second in a series of three articles. THE SILK industry in Utah involved three separate activj. tics. First, mulberry trees had to be raised to provide food for the ssorms. Second, the worms had to be raised to maturity. Some were saved to lay eggs while othcre were killed for their silk cocoons. Tinally, the cocoons had to be unraveled, spun and woven into cloth. Raising mulberry trees was the easiest step ture process. in the sericul- AS MENTIONED last week, the worms were difficult to raise because of their temper-mentnature, their voricious appetites and their susceptibility to disease. Even more difficult and time consuming than raising the worms was the process of converting the silk cocoons into cloth. al IN 1867 Paul A. Schettler purchased five acres of proper- ty near where Yalecrest Avenue joins 17th East and where 19th East and Herbert Avenues meet. There he built two small cocooneries. He managed one of them. Mrs. Zina D. Young took charge of the larger cocoonery. Later a Frenchman experienced in the silk industry operated it. Then a Mr. Wimmer tried to make the cocoonery successful. In 1885 a harness power loom was brought from London to be used for the manufacture of brocaded silk. It was set up in a silk factory at the mouth of City Creek Canyon. Margaret F. Cullen Geddes (Eccles) took charge of the loom, which was run by water power from City Creek. One dress made on this loom was sent to Mrs. Grover Cleveland, wife of the President of the United States. THE ENTIRE second floor A. Brown house at 2500 Madison Ave., Ogden, was converted into the site of Ogdens silkworm industry. From the beginning the silk industry and especially the cocooneries were not successful. Machinery was expensive. It was hard to maintain and few people were skilled in the operation of cocooneries. THE MAJORITY of the silk produced was done in homes on hand looms. In 1875 the Deseret Silk Association was organized to rescue the failing silk industry. The Relief Society leaders became officers in the Silk Association. Each local Relief Society unit was urged to secure a few acres for mulberry trees. The sisters were told to plant trees on their own home lots. As a result of the efforts of the Relief Society by 1877 five million silk worms were being of the Francis raised in the territory. SUSANNA Cardon of Logan, regarded as the most expert reeler in the territory, w as called on a special mission to teach others the art of reeling. She left a year-ol- d baby and six other children to teach classes in the art of reeling available, it had to be treated with carbonate of soda or ammonia. Silks to be dyed light shades without pay. Her students were washed with olive or coconut oil soap. appointed as missionanes to attend the classes and then return to their local wards to teach others what they had d WEIGHTED silks were with hydrocholoric acid diluted with water to remove metallic oxides. Families who took up the challenge of raising silk worms soon discovered the work involved. One sisters recalls that the first year her mother raised worms nine out of the ten rooms in her home had to be cleared to accommodate the worms. The family had to e spend their gathering mulberry leaves to feed the worms and cleaning the trays. were used in (he bleaching of were women and girls learned. full-tim- DURING THE time the silk industry lasted in Utah Territory, cocoons were raised in Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Davis, Salt Lake, Tooele, Utah, Sanpete, Emery, Grand, Kane, Sevier, Wayne and Washington counties. To get silk from the spun cocoons, the creamy white to deep yellow cocoon was he- ated to a temperature high enough to kill the chrysalides so they would not eat their way out of the cocoons and destroy the continuity of the silk thread. REELED SILK was pro- duced by softening the cocoon in hot water, soaking it for a short period and then brushing it with a stiff brush to remove all broken ends and find the one continuous thread. The strength of the silk fiber was determined by the number of threads combined into one on the bobbin of the reeling machine. Several cocoon threads were run together. As one thread ran out, it was replaced by the web of another in order to keep the thread of uniform size. AFTER THE threads were twisted together gluten had to be removed from them. The silk was soaked for thirty minutes in a strong sol"tion of soap and hot water and then taken out and pressed through a wringer. This soaking process was repeated using clear hot water to remove any soap residue. The silk was then dryed on a stretcher. Before silk would be dyed it Ire-ate- Many different chemicals silk. Sulfurous acid applied either in stoves in the form of gas produced by burning brimstone or by immersing the silk in a bath of an alkaline solution of sulphite or bisulphite and then setting free the sulphur dioxide by adding a mineral acid. Peroxide of hydrogen was mixed in a solution of two gallons for every 10 pounds of silk in 40 to 50 gallons of water. A little ammonia or borax was added. The silk w as bathed in Less Motion Makes Work Lighter Bv DEMKCE .SCHOFIELD texFamous in most tbooks is a man by the name of Frederick Winslow Taylor. this solution for many hours. SOUPLE SILK nt was bleached with aqua regia. Subsequent baths of tartar and soap, sulphuric acid and sulphate of magnesia follow ed. Utah silk was considered high quality. It was exhibited at the Philadelphia Centennial and won a certificate of merit in competition with Oriental and European products. In 1891 a pair of homemade silk portieres, embroidered in de-- . signs of sego lillies was sent to the Chicago Columbian Worlds Fair. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and a committee of Japanese silk experts, judging independently, awarded medals and diplomas to the Utah exhibit. THE UTAH silk industry was never a money-makin- g project. Subsidies to support the industry came from private donations, from free labor and from government price supports. In 1896 the state legislature appropriated from two to three thousand dollars per biennium and up to 25 cents per pound bounty on the production of as well but in a shorter period of time. How is this possible? The efficient homemaker is While she is working, she is conscious of how she is working. motion-minde- faster. THE BEST-know- n part of his system is ' called the time and motion study. You may know homemakers who spend hours doing a particular job. Another homemaker might be able to do the same job just ry trees were planted during this short period of time. 8 5,000 pounds during to more than 8,600 pounds in 50,000 new mulber STILL, THE industry failed to make money. Cost of pro- - 1897-189- M3 d Motion-mindedne- ss right-hand- ed d, ALL OF US will find those proverbial extra hours in the day by becoming Look at your working motions and equipment arrangements. Find shortcuts through better organization. They could very well turn out to be shortcuts to motion-minde- d. duction, problems with machinery, lack of interest on the part of people and the importation of silk products from the Orient and Europe all worked against the experimental Utah silk industry. In 1905 state aid to the industry was discontinued. The Silk Commission was abolished and the industry was never again revived. filitiSJ-THE FINAL article in this series will deal with the silk industry in Davis County. bleached. Scoured silk was divided into three great classes: boiled off souple and ecru. The difference in the three was that the bleaching was accompanied by the removal of different amounts of the gum or sericin. In silk the coloring matter is not in the fiber but is combined with the gum or sericin. In boiled-of- f silk the whole of the sericin was removed. In souple and ecru silks much was left behind. 'HI- - .WwETiTWBfttD GENETIC ' ages 4 and 5 Personal Screening Skills PRE-SCHOO- L is now accepting enrollment for Fall Registration... Motor Skills Crafts and Music Individual Attention Ficld Trips Understanding of Himself and Others This is not a Day Care but a to help your child prepare heshe for classroom behavior and skills Pre-Scho- ol COWS AND SILK LIMITED OPENINGS Oilqinal emd Only SO REGISTER NOW For More Information Call In the old days before the truck or automobile, cows were enlisted to haul mulberries in preparation for silk production. Let's Go Back To School with 544-925- 5 Peggy Corbridge B.G.S. GET ACQUAINTED SPECIALS MMELK0RN SOOO VOFF PERMANENT cut and set This Coupon Good for .. Men with this coupon - includes .d $18.50 $16.50 $13.50 Layton Hills Mall , v' i THE BEHAVIORAL SOFT WATER had to be used in this silk refining process. If only hard water was Any size box Karmelkorn, Cheesekorn, Sour Cream and Onion, Sugar Korn, etc. MOTION-minde- REMEMBER, when you stand in one spot to prepare something, youre only messing up one spot! The more ground you cover, the more areas you are affecting. When you unwrap something do you ever place the wrappings on the counter, only to cocoons. During the next few years, production rose from 1903-190- DID YOU ever wonder why the kids dont put their clothes in the hamper? Usually, it takes two motions: open the lid, put the clothes in. The more motions something takes, the harder the process is to execute. Simplify your storage program by eliminating extra motions. is not necessarily is It fast. moving smoothly steadily moving and rhythmically. Of course, moving quickly is the ideal we all seek. If you are a person, your most economical pattern of movement is from left to right. If you the reverse is true. are person uses both hands effectively. During the next week, notice how many times one hand is busy while the other one is inactive. What is your left hand doing while your right hand is brushing your teeth? You can easily be sticking things away in a bathroom drawer or medicine chest. Become more aware of your hands. Watch the way other people work. Some people can prepare a whole meal without having to take many steps at all. Still others may walk back and forth across the kitchen many times just fixing a bowl of cereal! had to be degummed and 250 Off d. THE TAYLOR, an American engineer and efficiency expert who began lorking for the Midvale Steel Works n Philadelphia in 1878, has done more to improve my homcmaking skills than any other single person. Taylor conducted experiments to determine how men and machines could work more efficiently. He watched the workers hands to see if they used both hands effectively. He noticed how a better arrangement of tools permitted the best sequence of motion. He was constantly on the lookout for shortcuts and ways to do things better and pick them up and throw them away later? Be aware of your motions. Try to handle things only once. AND SET dy r with HAIR CUT! $15.50 $13.50 jjo.oo For Appointment Call coupon Clearfield I under supervision of instructors trained professional All work done by students or Women Limit 2 with this coupon Now Accepting Fall Enrollment Summer and Many Financial Aids Available 121 So. State 825-005- 3 ALL COUPONS EXP. AUG. 31, 1982 HOUR Tue. - Sat. 9:30 4:30 |