Show sy - - f - “- a Standard Examine ’ t ! g ‘‘t’ & ? - i-- -s X'-'- wawHttj Hi 5 xn - ti NATIONAL biiaay June Las Aoge-e- s Tmea - la WASHINGTON -- i i - ?Ni'3 P TiTt v -- '‘1 t4 V5"-- ! V ' 13 1995 9 A Nuclear testing may resume want clearance to explode Pentagon devices underground officials rWr You know it’s been small-scal- e a proposal that has startled arms control experts senior Pentagon officials are seeking to resume underground testing of small scale cudear bombs with yields equal to 500 tons of high explosives Clinton administration officials say The proposal for tests winch Pentagon officials say can ensure that the nation's nuclear arsenal remains safe and reliable has led to a fierce debate within the administration over the whether the controlled blasts would violate the mtent of a permanent test tan treaty now being negotiated Indeed the dispute erupted as the administration works to establish its negotiating position for scheduled talks m Geneva on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty which would permanuclear weapons nently end testing of A high level White House meeting to set US policy on the issue is expected as early as next week full-sca- le Vital components Senior defense officials contend that the experiments known as hydronuclear tests are necessary to guarantee that the vital components m nuclear weapons do not deteriorate over time But Energy Department and State Department experts are strongly resisting They contend the testing would represent a major setback to nuclear disarmament and to efforts to control nuclear proliferation The issue is to be discussed during a secret meeting of senior Clinton administration officials including the secretaries of defense state energy and top military leaden Recommendations from the meeting scheduled for as early as next week will be presented to President Clinton for a final decision made before the end of the month according to an administration on official who spoke only if not identified The United States agreed to a moratorium on underground tests during the Bush administration and since then has been negotiating a comprehensive test ban treaty m Geneva through the Conference on Disarmament Administration officials hope to sign a treaty by next year At the heart of the debate is the difficulty of defining what constitutes an explosion Originally a hydronuclear test was defined as a nuclear reaction equal to about four pounds of TNT The new proposals by Defense Department officials call for a 500-to- n test ceiling A 500-to- n test would dwarf any explosion in history hundreds of times stronger than the Oklahoma City bomb that destroyed the Alfred Murrah Federal Building Still it would be relatively small by nuclear standards It would be hundreds of times smaller than bombs tested underground in past decades or even the bombs dropped on Japan in World War II These are bombs" said John Pike a defense expert at the Federation of American Scientists “The whole idea of a treaty is that we are not going to set off nuclear bombs" At the same time experts disagree over bow to define a nuclear explosion they also have sharply conflicting notions of the very purpose of a test ban Arms control experts say the purpose is to disengage the world's military powers from nuclear weapons But under formal US policy nuclear weapons will continue to play an important role in national security The test ban treaty is envisioned as a way to prevent other canons from developing nuclear capability Pentagon cudear experts are confronting what they consider to be an unprecedented challenge with the test ban treaty bow to keep the nuclear stockpile containing some of the most complex devices ever made ready for battle without ever using them decision last January’- - the In a admimstranon adopted to a negotiating position that called for the test ban treaty to become permanent rather than limited to 10 years as originally expected Since then defense officials have argued that their confidence in the effectiveness and safety of the thousands of nuclear weapons in the US arsenal will erode over time unless there is nuclear testing non-nucle- ar little-notic- What size limit? Defense Secretary William Perry has yet to declare his position on the issue but recommenlimit have dations that he push for a 500-to- n been forwarded to his office by senior defense officials according to an administration source Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary whose agency conducts such nuclear tests through its laboratory system is firmly opposed to any increase over the currently accepted limit of four pounds of yield for hydronuclear experiments an Energy Department official said O'Leary’s opposition is echoed throughout the arms control community - 4 1 -- v V '£ ed Plutonium erosion alongwaitinthe Plutonium cores inside the bombs are subject to corrosion and sensitive electronic components can degrade in the harsh radioactive environment inside the bombs some experts contend France Britain Russia and China have adopted similar proposals for such hydronuclear tests I Brannsrai f ¥ t Yfflt- - w doctor’s office when ? 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