| Show TIIE OGDEN STANDARD EXA1VIINER —SUNDAY MORNING JULY 22 1934 Gill n nu rrv - - — ) D"(0)K n EAE M3 LDFE 3 o n ' v i Is v - - 1 By Jane Stafford Lr jj " artificial respiration — all these methods science has devised for resuscitating or reviving a person who apparently has died But do they really restore the dead fto life? It all depends on what you mean 'by death or to put it another way on how dead the victim is If you say a person is dead the moment his heart has stopped its beating or he has stoppecj breathing one or another of these methods may very "well restore life to bis body by starting the heart and ' ' lungs going again These methods do not always succeed however and their success or failure depends on what has happened t'p the rest of his body particularly U his brain If certain organs such asj the kidneys or liver have become much to broken down by disease that they cannot function or if there is so be ntirely poison— either chemical or bacterial—in jthe body that it cannot use of will not be any eliminated starting the heart and lung action 'a is of matter not life however starting the heart beatmerely Restoring h isj a matter also ing and the lungs breathing as you may have supposed of starting the brain functioning getting the mental processes going once more ' Science has not yet tound a restorative tor a dead brain though it has many devices for priming the body's pump the heart rEE J 1 r - v - & lis H - - I f- - - V '7 r was the crux or the experiments car- jied on at the University of California by Dr Robert El Cornish whose revival of a dog tVai Karl rliirl atfrafirl nahon-Wl- fl mlMPit' start-- in succeeded associates and Dr jCornish ing the dog's heart and circulation by methods commonly and often successfully used to revive Victims of accidents or dying patients J 1 A I l I I't a icjuiL iiic auuuai uuujr came u uic But its brain according to early reports failed It had apparently been to function properly too long deprived of nourishment Physiologists hearing of Dr Cornish! in- vestigations hoped that they would shed light on the question of how long the brain could without being irrevocably damaged But the question has not yet been fully an- ' iwered The dog is said to have barked anc eaten food even to" have recognized certain voices Its brain however was lot-reand signals ' -- i L ' AV W V X x W ViVViVV ' - After severe hemorrhage vhen much blood has beenlosti a life may be saved b trant fusion of new blood into the' aying patient $ ' veins I7OR - A ! are many devices for priming a heart that has stopped -- Cv-V- 1 - ' L ' ' ' EE rrr rr H EE 3 EE Z E EE EE E EE X 1 The experiments of Dr Robert E Cornish research assistant at the University of California have gone so far as tc restore a dead dog to almost normal life—-- even to the point of bark'mg 'and recognizing certain signals Here the dog is shown being fed from a 1 '? f - d " j v lr to-- v ' "' - !' w V v " 4 — Because artificial respiration sometimes must be continued for days—and even months— the respirator shown above rvas devised by Philip Drinker of Harvard Medical' School ' Regular changes in the pressure inside the respirator alternately compress and relax lne lungst until the patienCs oum muscles are able to tale on the job of breathing i "In 'fibrillation the muscle fibers act as individual units and the result is a useless twittering and quivering in- carry it around the body success of the countershock' depends on the effects of the first shock and on what ' it has done to the victim's heart ' r "A shock from a low voltage current is much more dangerous than a shock from high voll-age j wires because it is more likely to cause E a peculiar condition of the heart known as Ebrillation Ordinarily the many muscle fibers of the heart all contract together m regular rhythm to t pump the blood out into the" arteries' which treated by electrical countershock But in some cases' they rriay be restored by artificial respiration which is one of the most important of all methods of restoring life ' Artificial respiration by the prone pressure method is so simple that a child can do it and so vitally important in cases of drowning or gas poisoning as well as some kinds of electric shock that everyone should know how to do it The method consists essentially of alternately "compressing the chest and releasing the pressure thus causing the" air to flow in and ouf of the lungs A number of methods of doing One of them is to place this have been tried or teeteMotter— the victim on a see-salback and forth in this way Tilting the body forces the diaphragm — jthe large muscle dividing the chest from the' abdomen — to compress the lungs and then allow them to expand and suck in air This method is reported to be one of the devices used by Dr Cornish in reviving his famous dog Considered the safest and most efficient method of artificial respiration however is the prone pressure method devised by the eminent British scientist Sir Edward Sharpey-SchafYou have probably heard or read in 1903 dramatic" stories of persons being restored to life after this type of artificial respiration had ' been carried on for many hours In some cases of illness notably infantile paralysis the muscles used in breathing are paralyzed and the patient can only be kept alive by having someone else keep his lungs exv Sometimes this is panding and contracting done by the prone pressure of artificial respiration relays of relatives and friends taking turns in doing the "Job use in such cases a young engineer at School of Public Health Philip Drinker designed an apparatus cajled a respirator which replaces the manual operation of artificial respiration- - The patient is placed inside the respirator with only his head outside The pressure of air inside the tank ii alternately increased and decreased and this change in pressure forces the lungs to expa id and contract just as the manual or prcne pressure method does and with every expi nsion air is sucked into the lungs o be forced out with every contraction as in normal brea thing After some accidents particularly gas poisoning a pulmotor is used with artificial respir ration by the prone pressure method The par tient then gets oxygen or a mixtur'of oxygen and carbon dioxide sucked into his lungs with ' j every artificial breath life Artificial respiration restores by first Other methods starting the breathing again have been devised to restore life by first startOne of these is ing the heart beating again an electric needle which is thrust aetween the ribs and directly into the heart 'This device was invented by Dr Albert S Hyman of New York City It takes advantage of the fact" that the heart ha a natural pacemaker a spot where its contraction is started and which is connected widi those iparts pi the brain and nervous system which hayje to do with Dr flyman's deheart beat regulating-thvice is called the artificial pacemaker " The needle is stuck into the heart close to the natural pacemaker and a weak electric shock is sent through it into the heart at regular intervals say 40 or more to "the minute Each shock starts a contraction of the heart just as the natural pacemaker would e " dog may never be more than a half-w- it Failure to restore life to accident victims is usually due to the fact that too much time has elapsed after apparent death occurred cyen if improved methods of resuscitation could start heart action and breathing in victims dead for jany length of time physiologists suggest that! such success might be anything but a kind j ness: to the victim or his family Scientists working at the Johns Fjlopkins University however have found a way around this difficulty under certain conditions of death Animal victims of electric shock from a low jvoltage current such as is earned on the ordi- nary household wires may be restored to life if a stronger countershock is applied to the heart within a few minutes of death The dis- cwery was made by Drs William B Kouwen-- E hoven Donald R Hooker and Orthello B - Lang worthy rp-l- ' lottle ' : v Li rpHlo i s 9- " EE EE g a- - I i It all depends on what you mean by death there being no known restorative asyet for a dead brain though there I were shocked by an electric current I- would not want anyone to bring mj back declared an eminent physiologist lo life "Fcr if I were resuscitated the chances are my brain would not be functioning and I would " j be dead from the neck up" The brain "dies" from starvation It gets its nourishment from the blood constantly pumped to it by the heart When the heart stops pumping for any length of time the brain is deprived of nourishment and starves fo death The whole matter of restoring life after death depends on how long the brin has been deprived of nourishment That is why when you try to revive the victim of a drowning accident or an electric shock you must start resuscitation at once without even waiting for a doctor No one knows yet how long the brajn can be completely deprived of blood supply and still be revived Possibly not more than 10 But the exact limit has not "or 15 minutes been determined although physiologists have s & H RUSTING an electric needle into the heart to start it beating again adrenalin injections airecuy inio we nean me uuuuiui TF v - If it can be given quickinvestigators found ly before the brain' has been too long deprived of nourishment the' victim may be restored to " " life The discovery of this "treatment is partial Iarly promising because when the heart is fibrillating artificial respiration the usual method of reviving victims of electric shock is probably ineffective stead of a strong contraction The French name for the condition insanity of the heart describes it very aptly When the heart gets the jitters this way it fails entirely to pump blood out to the rest of the body It is for this condition that a strong counter shock is a successful treatment The counter-shoc- k minutes will of high voltage shock whose if applied within a VICTIMS fibrillation stop the fibrillation and give the heart a chance stop beating without to resume its normal beat the Johns Hopkins micht lose their last chance of recovery if (Copyright 1934 by EveryWeek Magazine and Science Service) it' - er It -- lllllllllllllllilOIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIi' r stopped heart Ihe surgeon opens the is by massage lifeless chest of the apparently patient and heart at the same time that oxygen is being given by artificial respirationj In reporting the heart massage method of reviving lifeless patients Prof O Bruns of the University of Koenigsburg Germany credits) his succesi with the method more to 'the artificial respira- tion with oxygen than to the heart massage ' Other methods of starting the heart make Chief among these use of chemical stimulants is adrenalin the potent hormone produced by the medulla or inner part of the adrenal glands In extreme cases this is injected directly into the heart Generally it is injectec into a vein of a dying patient and is carried back to the '' heart by the blood stream A heart may stop beating and life ebb away In ' when there has been severe hemorrhage such cases the physician will resort to blood transfusion to give the heart somelbng to pump In Russia a method has recently been found for using the blood of accident victimi who could not be resuscitated to restore! life to other patients about to die from lack of blood Diabetic patients who have gone into coma and are at the very brink of deatn have been dramatically restored to life by jinjections of insulin Sometimes a diabetic parent gets too He may then become unconmuch insulin scious and die $f what is called ihsulin shock 'A N older method of x-- reviving-- a - mas-sages't- Injecting a sugar solution into his jreins will store him to life scientists have found he i ' Jrr: i- - E £E Er jEir EE EE : EH EE EE EE EE EE rrr Hi zzz re- yn |
