Show 1 I I Scientific Precision Needed In Modern Naval Gunnery ODIn wars ars are Aro won by hy the ho men Illen behind held tIme guns SlIns Especially IH is title this true rime of the tho naval nasal end of ot time the contest 1011 test Tho more loro skill accuracy racy rc training and science developed III In IU Ih fighting crews of ot a n Meet fleet the time more moret t Is that bet to I win victories Tho ho fact that hat the tho Japanese have hao shown s to possess these theRo essentials l lias is s given them nil mill tho Iho advantage thus fir far 11 over oer their larger for foe to 1 III In no flO fento does docs this tithe statement detract from mom the Ito Ih duo dime to n commander like Togo oeo Hut lut no admiral oven even though ho hot hoe holie t lie e a 0 Nelson tl can win will battles batties with an aim crew trow t Strategy Is II u it powerful KM IJ tut but good marksmanship Is iii an all ab tiute necessity QuIetly Gunnery mid naval nall gunnery peculiarly Is now as nil much of at t u a science as mis Is It u depends upon ns 68 iI nicely adjusted on mathe mathematical In formulas us its Intricate on Oil cal m q exact nut Hut the tho hit science of ot g Ii I y of or I iii tI II t do not enter cuter Into any aimy III I s inc i Peril time the need for light rapidity unforeseen wen con a lid ml numerous other disturbing d lug at encountered that limit make nn lilt dej nr a fn fin lIre pro profiting fiting u JI being secured Pam Var 10 tile lt i tIo ti roll i li of ot ne Iho ship together with Its fore toro and aft mm ft tho ho constant ii I Sing ang of or position of Ut tho Ito 1 vessel cl lit t tho t mi limo Is II I s directed d I Ice the th t ii e lit of o t Ih wind on ott the tho projectiles the JIll y nf rf II OIl imig tho lie t range rim ago which In Iii Inon on is l i Ste mit ly changing chit tho Iho t drift ii ml ft IJ IIlO ti Vif ii i i ol tv by lis I t 8 mm i n im I mi I mm g 1111 lion Ion tt 1111 or fall fail of ot the tue pro 1110 Jet Jott will ll Ii e ii h JH III i n I mm ii h y tho t 10 lie I ty I i t l rIi et nc condition I I iou of if the he t at nt III fM L ti i hf 1 jump of ot thu t I mu nun nUll at ul tin tim i II th Ih n limn tue tho III In 1 fiN lt i m III t tho limo timing of ot the tho ills dill JJ t IL I Iii in IK mg m I variations na I ions In III the lie I quality lb II I of fl t r I 1 nul tho ho danger of ot a n liming hang I I I Ignition of ot jf the Ito l 1 nf ot elements i I It ken into consideration III In I 1 n iii oft iff III Santiago It Is In ily id 10 per Pm 1 cent of time hit I I hell heli took t effect Orrot and a ii i I liim i t pc POj edit cetih ot of th IIII ih It ll Ills I t is i i 1 t batilo ball 10 for a higher percentage of efficiency to 10 bo ho reached than the tIme Yankee gunners achieved at Hint time timime In lit making the Ito modern monster twelve Inch guns a it number nf ot which are 1111 In lit usa In lit the lie Japanese navy It Is necessary sary Harr sir to 10 have them heavy enough at itt the time breech to withstand land tho time enormous ex explosive e plosive pressure Ono Omie of ot the ito es os essentials eso osHen Hen s In III i mm time the manufacture ii no of ot o t nil all ii 1 i arms rums ii Is III to tim Insure the tho I he operators safety safely Kven n II suspicion lI that a it gun Is u lisa apprehension a on Oil lie thu part nt or the lie gun guim gunners lIds ners amid detracts from their of the lie maw III conditions con comi arising It In lii essential cH that hut the tue themen thomen men at lit all 1111 times have their wits about hands of oC 0 f lii enemy than ha mm they the I I icy will iv iii th II I peril of oC unsafe weapons III In thou their own Time The danger d aim 1111 gem of 01 explosion cx lon IH Is Isi groat i iou I even Cell with my i i i nil iii 1 the ho t precautions u s taken to lo avoid It The he heating of time tho gun guim Un by h l constant Ii t Ii may mil imia y cause ie this thill ii Is Isor or a it ball bail may become lodged IlI In 11 tIme the limiter latter ease case the ho result Is Iii usually to 10 blow off lire the lie muzzle he which elm IH Is I ou side the lie t still ship mill lias Imas no more serious conse Olle consequences than to put 1111 Iii gun out nul of ot ac ne action tion In firing It Is necessary II 1 to have tIme the breech closed cloned which done iloilo by h I automatic arrangement a it safety ap up appliance being belll provided that makes It Impossible tom for time the charge to 10 Ignite to so o long as the time breech remains open degree of ot this curve then lieu controlled by gravity I y alone ala me would bt be h easily cash iy deter determined mined As 11 till the iii resistance of ot the tho ho all air also ii i so operates a OW tho ti me calculation iiii c i becomes much more complicated boated The Ti hc me y jw 5 0 R ix A l A T AN L J IZ INCH ll 40 OC ilL S i 4 Z 1 27 V 10 32 ta Lg F 1 8 B n 4 I ii TRAJECTORIES OF SHELLS AT VARIOUS DISTANCES 8 B 40 O mm It 1 5 6 i IP II 50 SO 5 I M I 6 45 tl I I II II 6 M I 40 10 II I DIAGRAM t SHOWING THE PENETRATIVE POWER OF OP MODERN PROJECTILES them for lor time the I of or the trie I he lire d 1 In I ii lam iii ii measure mo on t the tho hull I h i t i a tv Anti ii meson mcc s of or the crew eres Nfl op the lie gun kUli l fl cI at the The Flue on or om curve citric described by byn bya n a I after mm ft cc leaving ion ui mm g the Ih I I a mouth i ammo t ii of at the Iho I ut cannon varies with the thu weight of ot tho ho and thu If IC time lie mig none donn In i mm a II ss tho the sv umi of the tiit lII II I 50 1 I boil by IJ hi a it twelve I itc I vi Inch I ichi such shell i iII fired II it i l I no varying in my I I i from 1000 I 00 0 to tim 1 yards iI I Th lIu curvo lu lit thle I ii I cut clil cli I II HI I ii Oil on an 1 I m gg ci i scale sea Ic being limi mig ilia im ma I t I as nH t SK HII thos actually a v t nim I iy described ils that IK is the he fulminating or nl ii Ig point POi ii t l by ti b lie ii ii projectile Ii In ca eli 11 cute IH Is im many n IU ii In imm Inthe till the diagram us 1111 IS It II Is II III In Th Vim e danger mum n ii Cl ia 0 In III I mm imi tIm I ace In is shown mm by b till the I heavy lien luon I vy I im nt nl the t end emith of oi the lie suchs path It will bi he Men lint t this I hi I s ii I iii I ii with ni thu the ime I lonner due to the tho lessor velocity nf of thin tho pro projectile bin I I 0 ml imd the 1110 t i o g rim I ci angle aim g at III it t which I eti It II strikes IIII el time the th target III In practice the lie ii a ml ces ut III mm t which shuI cli 1 in t t Ion r are 1110 mm me usually from two Isso to four Iho greatest lie litle lille re shown IH is n mm little lithe less than noven milt miles The fh lie shells of lit course comm iso cap 1111 a I i be hO thrown hruni t i for f ii u mm much I hum ii gro t em distance musts mm cc Ono iio froin rot a a nine ii i mm r Inch Illch I ii Hun gun line has icon been known l to In travel twelve L miles the lie lIeh 1111 1000 feet III or more than lieu two ni miles higher iota peak If It the gun 11 were II hIred from the lie adjacent tit plain A i thirteen Inch shell would travel a II Mill ci ill greater i distance tl re Hut I ho t nt III i I sti hi great t ran iii cx It II ItIs itIs I I Is I iii i ssi ii is f 10 I l secure iS C of n aly 1111 It I I I amid t ii effect I of ot the time Is much rho Ihl other iii ii er r I b I list ma t thu tim pen 1011 h Cli power of it shells of fit sise Tic Inch shell will nill through t mid imil one Inches of it wrought II rough t I Iron I at III LI I ii hum of or o t the Iho I I Kim pierces only 1111 lou 1111 one ulla C I of l K iii m m tot eel l at a I the I I ic tance ta of or 1001 00 or lit two Iwu tV ml mile Iii I Ion heL Tint m Mm un I hem I im ci l II of nt ii f cou iso have base much Ies pi power powei All 4 11 I I ure 1111 a me t to I explode C S hey tho I will soul do 10 mb most damage tin to tu it tho ho enemy t Ii lii bursts him In III I mm the Ihl im e air a I being bet im tx IX v l by It time I ii n o The fhe shells ci is III in time the Illustrations art IU of III II a sATiety are tue Intended to III it be bc sot Hot off nIT I by II nn n ii automatic nu it ii Ire t after a ft u thu lii has immis pierced Its lis way Into Inlo the lie ship To l 1 1 HO MI those these that they hey do di fI not 1101 upon I r Is III n ml very 11 Herein I Is I another ii I Ri I her Illustration II his I ra I ci i of or tho Ihl Ii ii science sri cc used U III III In tin 1111 construction and operation of modern 1110 ordnance The Thu scene on board a II battleship In iii K l II it i IN IH I s well sei i nigh i 01 bald and Is III ii such us to In I bring Into piny bull every hu ho human hoI man I iia mm million im l to e Mill i among it the he I conflict In 1111 I mig semi I I m imen I S perhaps ls till the lit rant one omit would lie Il Unit of wonder r at lit athe a time Ihl he toot cool 1111 t Ie he though light lIhI lii ii g I I imi mi I Si ut nr time the firing fl Till i m 1111 he be In III pro 1110 I Hit toi an IlK I I lD I O th t lit Ii I I y nf of the lilt work liest Limo range rim n nb mOuNt i lii lh determine ii t mid A ii ii tin UIl t in m I 1st of lit lie tho t I ishill ship shill at itt which the shuts time are Ill being ill tit I t mute i i t i thu I s mum lie ht net I foi fOL CL timis Allowance mum l Ie he mado I t tom for the th h drift ii ml ft of oC tho I ho Im j shall she i at ii I that till I t till Ill liMe If Ir 1 1 n II wind In I s blowing blow iii I L it iti lit 11 i II ii imd H mm wind nI mu d chart I as 1111 to 10 0 tho t he nf or deviation I such a mm gait gald would cause nn iii tie the of or oft the lito t ito I It A blown mice I II s also alwi made inn do tot for tho tim jump of It the Ihl tIm gun Kiln All 11 timeo things I must 1 he bo done domie In III mi Mil of ur limo hue Then hull an OH is the lime rolls till 1111 Ih lie sights nrc imre nn on the iii ship of oC the he 1 If III foe fo CO the lie charge t Is km set Rei oft off The ilme first I suet shot Is 19 b s largely hi y experimental ox ii I After ob oh observing r 11 serving Us effect time the Ih gunners can calm toll toil i I better where to tim n hn the lie next host Allow Allowances ances must be he made haute for III the II t Iii constantly iy I f II r shifting positions nf of both holh ships The lie I II 1 I I I y is IH al a Iso o much enhanced es I I I smokeless powder I 11 Is III used by II the tIm smoke I In constantly enveloping ml ii g the lie t vessels after I the he I lighting light lug begins Amid A a very et I I hell lIeu of o guns gnus bursting shells it and amid groans of the time wounded ou ell on decks d cl 1 I slippery with time blood of the lie dead J I and dying the tue battle goes noes l on aim till 1111 the ito itoI h I great I neat I I Kom of lt Ii f the thu foe tie reels levIs and uld a imd f runs ill uS for 0 shore or O sinks si Into I lit 0 the lito 1 ii e semi sea i thai I L K I If I f the tie I me ii I ii monster Ste r lees does il ti not nol In him II sinking your own on ship I I first 0 Wi i 1 |