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Show Page 4 - Myths of Clean that shotguns shotgun in the field explained Herald Correspondent The ad in the hunting magazine reads: "If you can dish it out, the can take it." One of the things the 835 can take is the new 12 gauge Federal 3K2 inch steel load magnum shell. Each year new shells, loads and weapons come out for shotgunners and the choices become more and more diverse. Each hunting situation seems to call for it's own -- special weapon or load, but what are the basics? Shotguns come in various gauges up a 410. Gauge was established by early gunsmiths with inaccurate measuring instruments. Basically, gauge is determined by the number of lead balls, each of which is equal to the bore diameter of the weapon, that add up to one pound. This means that 12 gauge is equal to 12 balls, of bore diameter. Sixteen gauge would have 16 bore diameter balls and so on for the other gauges. Shotguns used for hunting usually have a 24 to barrel. The longer barrels used to be more popular, but with the new powders used today, most sporting shotguns have a 26- - to barrel. Shotguns generally have some kind of restriction in the barrel called a choke. The word choke is Greek and means to constrict. Early shotguns didn't have a choke and were very ineffective at killing cleanly at ranges beyond 40 yards. Fred Kimball, from Illinois, is credited with inventing the first choked shotgun in 1870. The degree of choke, or lack of it, is usually described by cylinder cylinder, modified and full. Each step up gives more restriction at the barrel and sometimes a denser shot pattern. There is no standard in the industry for each size and there are differing sizes of constriction between the four major groups. Choke restriction can be built into e the barrel or it can be a common to many of the guns on the market today. To check the choke of your gun, the normal procedure is to fire at a blank piece of paper at 40 yards then count the pellets inside a circle. Full choke weapons should have 65 to 75 percent of the original shot of the load inside the circle. Modified, 55 to 65; improved cylinder, 45 to 55; and cylinder bore, 35 to 36-in- bore-impro- :::Z ""Z - v- Good hunters have ethics 'J&wTi ved screw-in-sleev- 30-in- 45. This means that the effective killing range of a weapon is greatly affected by the choke. Full choke guns are designed to be the most effective at 40 yards because this is where the shot pattern is dense enough to make a clean kill. Full chokes used at a range closer than 40 yards usually have too tight of a pattern and some of the game can be wasted. Ranges much beyond 40 yards are not good because the pattern density becomes too thin and game can be lost that never should have been shot at in the first place. Modified chokes are usually the most effective at 35 yards and improved cylinder at 30 yards. Each size choke gives about five yards longer range, but the weapon becomes less effective at shorter ranges. A full choke weapon may only have a pattern at 20 yards while an improved cylinder may have one of 22 inches, which makes it more effective and easier to hit with at the shorter range. Gauge plays a role in choke selection because the smaller the gauge, the less shot is in the load to start with and that means a less dense pattern. New powders, wads, copper coated shot and steel shot all play a role in how the choke affects the pattern density. Most of these shell ingredients tend to hold the shot together longer, so in effect, a modified choke becomes a full choke. Choke marking on a weapon is just an indication of what the maker thinks it will be. The only way to find out for sure is to go out and pattern it yourself. Shotgun loads usually contain one to one and one-haounces of shot, however, they can contain from one-ha- lf to two ounces. Shot comes in sizes from nine to double 00 buck, with shot size diameters from .08 inch to .33 inch. Shot is made from both steel and lead. Steel shot is made from soft steel wire. Lead shot usually had antimony in it to harden the pellets and keep them from deforming. Steel shot is less dense and weighs 30 percent less than lead shot of the same size. Lead shot, because of its greater density, has more energy in it and this means that large steel shot must be used. A .13 diameter lead shot will have about 5.6 foot pounds of energy at 30 yards and 3.4 at 50 yards with 169 in an ounce and a quarter lf load. An ounce and a quarter number two steel shot load will have 156 pellets, 6.0 foot pounds of energy at 30 yards and 3.4 foot pounds of energy at 50 yards. Steel shot can cause some damage to the choke. In some weapons, before you shoot steel shot, make sure you contact the manufacturer and get their recommendation. Shotguns come in many different styles and models. Ethics are CEDAR CITY more ethical we as hunters become, the more likely our hunting rights will continue. Certainly we can do more than just obey the laws. A truly ethical hunter realizes that he is a guest of the landowner when hunting on private land. He respects private property and accepts the situation gracefully if he is denied permission to hunt. He respects the right of others to use public lands. An ethical hunter is a naturalist. stan- dards of behavior considered to be morally right. Most of the laws and regulations in hunting today have come about because of safety or ethical considerations. When a majority of people consider an ethic or standard of behavior to be correct it can, by legislative or board action, become law. Simply following the laws the state has adopted is a good start on becoming an ethical hunter. The Powder fouling and residue, as well as plastic build up from wads, cuts down on a shotgun's ability to deliver perfect pat- BY REX C. INFANGER 835 26, 1990 THE HERALD, Provo, Utah, HUNTING, Wednesday, September terns. Foreign matter in shotgun bardown the effectiveness of skeet shooters, upland bird hunters and wildfowl enthusiasts. They constantly seek new methods to keep their guns in peak condition. They know a clean barrel will deliver a pattern that means a higher score or more game in the rels cuts MODERN SHOE REPAIR SPORTING GOODS "Provo's Red Wing Dealer" " & HUNTING SEASON bag. coined the phrase, "squeaky clean," may have been Whoever Waterproof Thunder leather breathes moisture out, but not in. Thinsulate7Cambrelle's insulation, plus an insulated cushion insole locks in body heat. Come on in and try on a Whether duck or pheasant hunting, it's important to keep a shotgun barrel clean and free of debris. Now there' a kit. The Patch in two sizes and gauge shirt pocket. Bore Cleaner aerosol "The rubber nipple, wrapped in the solvent-moistene- d patch, squeaks and groans its way up to the muzzle, applying uniform pressure all the way up the barrel to produce a truly clean shotgun barrel." with three popular 3M instructional videos, now avaialble at a price of $19.95 from Shopko stores. Instructional videos can provide a picture-perfeimage of proper hunting techniques. With video, a hunter can actually see the correct way to stalk a whitetail or mule deer, and then play back the image in his head, "mentally rehearsing" the correct techniques. With this "mental rehearsal," hunters can build upon their background knowledge for added success in the field. "Way of the Whitetail," with noted deer hunting authority Jerry Chiappetta as the guide, will help viewers learn how to recognzie prime deer habitat, read deer body language and interpret deer signs like rubs and scrapes. This video will increase the hunter's ability to see deer more often and be better prepared to meet the challenge of the outdoors. ct Life. Zumbo takes viewers on a learning experience in the Wyoming high country in pursuit of the always-challengin- fflfcSiS where the viewers wil learn about a mule deer's particular needs for food, water, cover and its' defense abilities. This video received the prestigious "Teddy Award" in 1987 as the best hunting video from the Michigan Outdoor Writer's h I Puller is available 1012 and 2016 fits easily in your The Rusty Duck comes in an eight-ounc- e can. aftcca& aWSy M SIAWEs ffi&Sfi&iww Ib I IllBfl 2 HOLDS ' $29.95 Included) CHROME 6 FULL MOST $9995 AND UTILITIES "he rom a.jf nel laser cut coated ta&'ic Mini Bi ack Trucks Standard tc HI i, ." ;,!t V S f 10.95 - '''jdes ea' "s e : 31c z 8ug S 3 Way Adn,stac:e Ce'u!a' Gas HI-LIF- Stage Vfoctytirt vmg let mf rVarafy "icitdes Snocn Boer Se- '91 1 Staje Sea'inj Wc"3" - wfiw I I B W& ill I i&2aw8 I I 1 fflI$5ffi&!M fS fMjTS AOUNTAft J fl I BIECE THIS OFFER NOT VALID ON ANY WHOLESALE DEALS. MONTH $-1- 90 CHEVY 12 TON 4X4 BLAZER 0 I 4 DR, LOADED 2106 SAVE UP TO 4 SPD, AT WOVERDRIVE, HEAVY DUTY RADIATOR 4 OIL COOLER, WORK TRUCK HEAVY DUTY CHASSIS ft PKG, SHOCKS, LIST $14,542, 3686 $23512 per worir SAVINGS!!! 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