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Show The OtUy Utah Chronicle. Monday. January 19, i$si Page Thraa Keynote on air quality could use to try to iigure out what this optimal level of pollution.'' Miller said. "However, it is very hard to come up with measures of the major polluting chemicals. We t an get a reasonable estimate of the costs of pollution abatement, but it's the benefits measures that are rather elusive." he said. There are dec isions about ambient quality standards, according to Miller. "Somehow we get some rule that says w e should c lean the air or such that it has so many parts per million and has a certain type of residual in it which could be determined by some sort of benefit costs masses or through administrative or legislative fiat." he said. by Kelly Kilkenny Chronicle staff Most environmental economists categorue excess pollution would as a market failure, said Dr. Jon R. Miller, assistant professor of economics. Miller explained that certain resources are not bought or sold through the market. These are called common property resources, such as air. water and certain types of land. Some economists suggest the reason for air and water pollution is that they've been traditionally free and. therefore, too much consumed. Miller said. Miller spoke Friday on the topic improving air quality at a public luncheon in the Union, sponsored by the University Center for Public Affairs and Administration. GOT T" I PACKING I THINL Accredited Electrolysis is; 4tn traiurmg Sculptured nails limited $25 00 per set Ear piercing (specializing in children) 160 So. 10th E. Suite 230 Salt lake City. Utah 84105 (C01) 3DG 0069 To allow flexibility. Miller suggested saying to the polluter. "It all right if you pollute, but we're going to charge you by the pound." To ensure an incentive to then reduce pollution, Miller recommended placing an infinite charge per pound on biological oxygen, land and water. "If you criticize an economic incentive-base- d system on the basis of its not cutting back pollution enough, it is because the economic incentive is not strong enough," Miller said. "COMiV" I Complimentary consultation. rTr According to Miller, it is not necessarily true that the cost of pollution abatement is uniform across all emitters of pollutants. By applying a uniform regulation approach, flexibility will be reduced, thereby achieving a unit reduction in pollution. However, the cost of achieving this with less flexibility is higher than if some type of flexibility is allowed. Miller said. pollution. One solution Miller suggested is to analyze what is the correct level of pollution. But there is a l uge continuum to try todetermine this. "There are types ol techniques that we Xf LOOK, . examined. don't want unfettered or unrestrained m BEcetrtw Marge King Ra9ird Mwm Eicoioest reasoning to guide pollution policies. First is discovering the ambient standard to be met for various pollutants. Next, the economist would try to design a system that will meet that ambient goal at the lowest possible cost. He said policies based on efficiency should be improve air quality. "One thing economics has shown for a long time is that when the demand curve slopes downward, the lower the price and the more something is going to be consumed." he said. "In that light, economists would say, 'It would be quite simple to improve environmental quality-- all we need to do is put prices on these unpriced things.' If the reason we have air pollution is because it doesn't cost anybody, just disclose the amount of sulfur dioxide in the air and charge them by the pound, the same idea with water and land." However, to eliminate all pollution could be costly in that other goods and services would not be produced to achieve pristine air. Miller added. 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