Show I IN COLD WEATHER THEY STUDY HEAT J Nature Classes at Stath Normal I Show HoW to R ad In Winter I ij SUNSHINE AS ENERGY I A 1 c AIo il nn ure wo wn wot r t eee I I to t March Within of at enY ob r fJon nl ing no hi IL tim tho fleMa zio loaves oJ br the tho trec no except rows tow few thoo tin 1 Is the most and nil feature of na i Dt at tills this time il 1 1 Uil question were given by J Itu students at to tho state universitY Ono One ll the tho weather the tho collI i a third the tho snow and the tho n fourth heating nati en j n 8 OWl Clothing anti the tho I housing ot of a the heat heator or the sun 1 a coal anti fuel I find and nn an eighth the starry 1 c It If we are 1110 t consider consler at this limo t that at o which cs most 1 i that we 0 a Investigate 1 the tho oC heat hent especially the tho hoLt of the sun h other othor naturally As roat to thIs inti 1 i l source Our Jo onU of all light lICe ni niI I motion upon the tho 1 Ii WIlEnE 10 Ii ir Henry nail Ball begins II a SHIN series or of ori i I I on this subject bY calling ut at atI I to tho th familIar filet tho t I i nearer WO ar are to thc source ot of heat hent 1 Eft II tho fire on en the tho the tho hot hoti i er Itts It Is Wo We may talco nn an Imaginary to thu tho sun carrying In our n a wax candle camlo bullet I 1 a poker anti I a of Thou Theli supposing able ahlo to toI I any of heat hent In OUI OtIC q ey Y tl lIght tf ic vIrid hat will to the tho nui wo we have agreed to take With 1 us rho wax vax candle will soon 10 molt melt tram from the tho heaL Jo Jotaro taro fore lon long nil as wo we get hearer to tho thio C of heat hent the tho leaden bullet hullet h which has hils let growing hotter nod and ip hotter will t also neIt and hew front f our nUl grasp lust as the candle U Thin Tho Is J ont only hot hol and has hus not notS S Jd yet d tOl foi we V are still far from eon lIun bitt It gets nH flu We c pursue our journey till It melts Into IL liquid while the tho poker already red lint begins to turn tum I UH IIIi WO nearer to the tho lire 1110 When It becomes so o in its wOe un Can no longer l lu luto to tn look lonk ut itt jt It Iio Iron poker follows the tho or fled only thin tho hint glowing with the tho 1 fervor remains Final b r It and ni becomes iron Ironi the tho of the tho heat hent Yet Yot wo vo are 1110 fur far tur from the tho sur surface fa co Ot of tho great globe 11 of OC tIre toward whICh we vo d It Jt III now hot enough I to t molt melt flint hilt bill lit at tho suns unI surface 1 l tell its the thc heat is hi many limes th than to molt melt hardest rock Since how iver Yern opo OO huts over taken I such a journo Ii i wo we have hayo ImagIned how tie dl that tho bent of at thin tho sun lIun to melt nil all known I before hey even arrive J Irit at Its Lot Let us UI see lIeo HOW TInS IS I rake u a burning or reading glass or an louts and lot let the situ I through It It at Ibid I hand hund ut at thc tio brightest pot or focus ot of the tho lens lena It seta gets lint On 01 a 11 hummer day dur the focus will give HIYo heat enough to set lire to lute IIno paper or orwood orI I wood cInders and will readilY Ig Ignite 1 nite ItO this thu lens tIlls power It tho rays hi sunlight brings Il 0 r I t point focus Each Ench ray rai contributes contribute 1 little light anti heat and tho sum aura ot of these contributions makes conId Now try the tho ie with win candle a Its rays td place your In intire tire tho focus rocus It Is not hot The lens silO aim llY cuts oft some of the heat hent from the tho candle andIe does doell this show IL a louts cannot increase the total amount I ot of heat coming from any Iny heated oh ob Joet Try nn an With th thu lens It t wilt matches still It Is tess hot than at the of at light It itself self And this Is always true Yet senses rj math hi h by cori I the tho suits sIms rya hare steel teel and other the furnaces l not melt What must he be the tho temperature oE the tho sun lIun 7 Since from the I above OVO expert merits the tho heat In the the thu great lens must be runny times less than tho heat at the of the tho sun It follows that the tho heat hlat It at tIle tho suns Surface Is many times limes greater r than that which will melt the tho most refractory tl found und on the tho aurA WIlY l ACES ARE COlU COLI Now ow Why does It be bc i ne M cold r th the ir g upon the mountains It If as above cJ th we get to the tho sun Bun I thu tho bethe u era tIe tops ut of s 10 oreil with anew primarily is due tl to the tho action of carth atmosphere tho th suns stuns rn rayH B are passing through the aPr uti to reach the thil earth not much of the tho heat Ja is retained In the air the air Is very cloudy That Is the tho soil soli or the tho rock ot of the tho earth gets hotter than tho thio nil air the tho earth has been heated by the thu suns rays It proceeds to out Its heat to the tho cooler air 1111 In contact with It Now however the tho air 1111 a absorb more of this heat hoat and can more of It back to the tho earth oarth than Itcan It can when the tho heat comes directly train from the tho sun lIun I The power of the tho heat radiated from the tho earth appears to pierce the tho and on Its return Journey from the earth curth nun tue heM heat Is largely retained l by tho nt at or Is reflected back to the tho earth carth This Thill Is true truo It tire tho at atmosphere much vapor of wu wa water ter the tho lien s 11 naturally where the tho atmosphere Is tIle tho most den un tind heavy hut the air 18 heaviest ut at the tho lowest st In thuG tho valleys anti at the tho sell sea level sluice II lit these it must he be pressel set down lIy by tue tho weight of all the tho all air that is abon It 11 he the tho hayer or OC air that heaviest I which ore oro nl also the Ion ICIlY ml will the most herd while tho thoe e which art hIgher fluid tighter lighter will retaIn iran hRS or Of the earths anti will let tint tho cohil nt at great because of the tho IouS ot of the tue heat radiated tr tm the earth carth itself lt A O It I Is true that WI w are th still source fit nt henl whoa nt at the lotI up tf If n a titan W In the tho trill If wo O hl to thai Iho top of thit highest 81 wt 1 hiatt Olin Iu lii II I lont h t the il lath uirt I o I lie si II III tf I r II a small nul houi ii rut un eu th t Ii a It e then thun I sri iy lull I we e to to I I lbs Ihn nn lire on the to the I ht I ye of tho Iii whole ns as the tho II t Is 18 ut of the o to th iii Slur Making the we sc see tIit of an 11 Ilich Is the thu of inches that oooo fet feet Is or of the suits i tune 1111 we C know that tn itt lh ur ot nil atu inch to II a bon bonfire lIre fire two to miles away would not lint any 11 difference In hit tho t tot ot of heat het WO we receive recIle froth It bt t Is n a Rort sort of motion that h by OSCillation er r WIl waves S of 1 the tho that him all 1111 space Tills This vibration comes cOines tram from the tho stun lit itt thi ii rate of oC per Iho bhe or waves 18 of o the atys ether are 1110 so rapid the ether being so 10 1110 ani or of 8 large 1111 1 gross Lu comparison with ether does dOlI nut not tao take up 1111 till the or of the nut not get 11 by the Ilal passage lIlIe of the tho herit from the sun lIn tel to the earth Jut tho th surface the oll oi I grit Inn ta ke ill H a port hun ot of this thu Is rind It to tn the cules cul it ItI in contact with thin tho earth the nil air to oscillate or cil vibrate inure Itt III little circuits called This vibration nc CIOC ls the air which 11 rises 11 being din placed or forced upward by the cooler fluid heavier air about This Thin lA is a 11 energy that drIves s the turns the wIndmill etc Ie rind Is in an effect of tranSformed situ shine Al I IX IN WAT n sunshine falls on vator tue molecules at the surface are thrown Into motion arc separated from one another and rise os as vapor valor into the nil thence to full fall III hut rain or IIno SnOW and to return tuu to the ocean thence they n me Suio Somo o the energy of the sunshine does not rIse riso In nil air Currents litO stored reel In the vapor of water wate hut goes Into the soil soli there to be stored In Iii tho form torm of oC the motion whIch It causes among the soil len lea This soil Mil motion from to ml mIdsummer and thou then I allY slows sh tva down fall tull win winter tel ter The Tue annual Increase or laconic of I heat from the jiun Is equal to Jo the outgo front the tho earth sluice the noR oll molecules cnn can give UP theIr notIon heat only by transmitting It to other oilier of oC the nil air tue tho water the rocks This work of tie the situ sUU lii In givIng to the Iho earth the tho energy or of motion that causes to grow anti to 10 all of our ime ma 1111 Lord K Kelvin to he Iu for tor each cubIc at atthe atthe the earths surface 22 power IlI nad since cubic miles of ellch at an nay square feet of oC the earths surface there Is nl about out i of a I exerted every second by the thie sunshine i I I OF rn AUt Thus It is III the tho i here that I the tho earth varni It the tho either ii ll tb liS as they count front the stun butt tue motion which these avos set tip earth molecules of th lion Is III and thc these n Jl longer wave s cannot through the tho nil air without Its molecules swinging heat Is this I i motion and warmth II Is Imprisoned Without nut ut at I Langley han that the curths surface under till thue equator at would be S rl degrees l J helow belea zero and nd no fount of life would be pos IOS possible sible on thIs fly lIy of 2061 cubIc feet ct of oC ox oxygen en ot of nitrogen is 78 cubic feet ofa of a re discovered gas called argon urgon with varying of Water r 14 of carbou dioxIde 01 0 I well us as quantities of oC tuttle ozone the six Ix 97 Jer er Mal of all the built lute Into plants the nIl air per forum a very work In trans traits transporting porting both the fOll and unel the tho waste products to and flOm tutu every lIery lIy liv lIyIng big Ing thing It entries and oxygen to the tho other oilier to plants anti the c cycle cl which these thelle stances through the thu bodies of animals tInd plants through nil air and I sea lien through land and rock Is the tho cen theme of this line of oC |