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Show BBBj B uJ " AUDUI HAMID f HBH -h 1 II. of Turkey, tho people's J BBBJ 1 choice, popular liuro und ff HvA llio man whoso name Is a ff HB) fJbja"c7H household word through- ff K aHKrl l,le Ottoman omplro. ff HvX .JlrTTerV Never before In history ff Hvfl 5 HiR Wl'r0 t"lc'1 nlc0 ''''"K ff Hva ffiftf f Bal'' n'J01lt tho "sick man ff H, Tho rensonu tliorcfor ff H mmhmJI ttro lmiIy Cho revival of K BBS tho constitution of 1870, B BBBj which bestows upon Turkish subjects B BBBJ many rights which woro taken away f BBBj year ago, Willi tho revival of tho 1 BBBJ constitution cn'uio a general amnesty I BBBJ to all political prisoners and many I. BBBt other details, which were outgrowths I BBH- of the new order of things. I BBH Two years ago It you had told an I K Americanized Turk that you hnd wit- I BBH nessed n 47-mlnute demonstrutlon' for I BHj tho sultan In Constantinople, ho would 1 BBB' have retired behind tho corner tamp 1 BH past and laughed himself to death. To- 1 BHt day ho will stnllo with pleasure, tar 1 Vi demonstrations for tho former tyrant HBB ot tho Ylldli are of weekly occurrence. BBB The sultan seldom leaves his palaco HB without his people giving him an ova- L Every former subject of Turkey d0dHl BBHr well remombora tho Ylldlz Kiosk, VBVBI BHB which was declared to bo a synonym XHbYJ HI tor Turkish tyranny. Tho kiosk Is situated up- YVBI HHf on the floldcn Horn and on the grounds are nH HbHH .' scores ot pavilions and each ovenlng tho sul- VJ BBHf tan was wont to choose ono of tho dormitories CT HBBB in which to pass tho night 5 BHH Travelers In Turkey declared It wob his BBf u manner of escaping aasnsslns, for It was novor HH known to outsiders Just whoro tho monarch HB a chose to sleep, "Uneasy rcBts tho head that BH wears a crown," said somo wlso patriarch lony BHj ago. Tho sultan's rest was probably tho un- HBH easiest ot nny In tho world during tho yenrs HHB that there was no constitution. Ho was always surround-HBH surround-HBH ed by his own bodyguard; then thoro was an outer guard BMBB ftD(1 a tJittallon ot soldiers, besides Innumerable secret BBlflf service men, whose business consisted ot spying upon tho BBlBj personal bodyguard, HI Turkey was so full of spies, a tourist declares, that BHK men could not talk freely within tho sacred confines ot BHHj the family homo for tear that a kinsman might be In BHf : the government's employ as a spy. It Is declared that BBHJj 25 Pcr cent ot tho Turkish subjects wera spies, em- ployed ta tell talcs about tho other 75 per cent. Naturally BBHK' It was uncomfortable to even think harsh thoughts about HHj his highness, HHh Tlie first demonstration which created a Turkish fad BBHS was tho ovation given Abdul when ho went to Sclamllk BBHS for tho customary prayers In tho Hnmldlo Mosque. Ho BBBJ was received with tho wildest fervor by his peoplo and HJH he did an unprecedented thing when ho stood up in his HHH carrlago to acknowledge his subjects' greetings, That HJH was Bbon nttcr he proclaimed tho constitution ot 1876 HK to be In force. HVffi Since that Friday there hnvo been numerous wild HttH cheers for his highness and no longer docs ho find It HBjBL, necessary ta employ substitutes as tnrgets for plana of HHp assMslns, The photograph of tho sultnn nccompnnylng HM this article Is made from a crayon drawing tor which tho ruler posed. It is probably thu only likeness of the mon-HH mon-HH arch which was over produced with his consont. It took weeks after tho granting of tho constitution to secure his permission to sit fur the sketch. Ho was oven then HB tr," pcovlsh and (ho sketch had to bo finished in ono I sitting of a halt-hour. '' The picture is declared to be tho best likeness of his a majesty which was over produced. Tho sultnn has never ot his own will been photographed since ho enmo to the throne of Turkoy. Ho has shunned camera fiends ns he would shun a bomb-throwing enthusiast, but nevertheless never-theless there have been thousands of photos distributed throughout the world. Consequently tho reproduction ''shown In this Issue- Is tho first authentic and official likeness like-ness ot Sultan Abdul linmld II. It wes mndo by a noted Turkish artist high in favor In court circles. The story of the tyranny of Turkish monarchs is a long ono and now Is said to ho ended In the restoration of tho constitution. Tho tale begins with tho rounding ot the ft in pi ro back In the thirteenth century. Tho Ottoman Turks camo originally from Central Asia and in tho sixth century they, lu connection with other Turkish tribes, pushed west. From tho Saracens thoy took their first religion. First the Turks wero slaves, then mercenaries and eventually they succeeded tholr masters In tho caliphate. They next appeared In tho world's history as allies of tho Seljuklan Turks early In tho thirteenth century. They fought and defoated tho . Mongols and for their efforts received a grant of lauds in ABla Minor. Their leader, Ostium, becamo a powerful ruler und Immediately after tho death of tho Soljuk sultnn sul-tnn ho proclaimed himself sultan In his own right. That was late in tho thirteenth century. Ho died a natural death in 1320. Thus we sco tho Turkish empire founded upon tho ruins at tho Seljuks, Mongols and Saracens. I'nsslon for military honors and religious fanaticism Mowed through tho reign of eight princes who followed Osman in the possession of power nnd as a result tho period between be-tween 1300 and 1SCG snw tho Turkish omplro raised to the position ot one ot tho first military powors ot Ku-ropo. Ku-ropo. That wns probably tho reason that tho world today to-day cnlled'tho rule of tho sultan tyrannical, for ho rulod with mllltnry dlsclpllno ta which tho remainder ot tho inhabitants of tho earth hnvo grown unused. Tho constitution ot 1876 was brought about through rebellion In various parts ot tho empire, which started in much tho sntuo mnnuor that tho revolt of tho Young Turks party ot today did. It was tho stand taken by tho latter only n fuw mouths ago which caused tho sultan to restore tho constitution and hand to historians a bit of history to add to tho checkered career of tho country. It was In 1875, tho yoar boforo tho granting of tho original constitution, that the peoplo of Herzegovina declared de-clared they wero no longer nblo to bear tho oppression to which they had been subjected. Thoy rebelled and a year later woro followed by tho Servians and Montenegrins. Monte-negrins. Tho Sorvinns n few months later ubandoned tho war, but the Montenegrins fought on. Tho powors of Europe, tired of tho tactics taken by rulers ot Turkey, kept pressing tho Ottoman sultnn strong er and stronger In tho direction of reform. Toward tho latter part of tho year 1876 a big conference convened at Constantinople with a view towards making somo Bort of n settlement. Tho recommendations of tho confab woro unceremoniously rejected by tho Turkish government. govern-ment. Then Russia becamo wrnthy nnd Issued a sensational sensa-tional manifesto, telling tho Turk that tho Slav hear was about to consumo him. A great war followed and tho Turk wns beaten. In order ta hold what few subjects, ho had left to his causo, tho constitution was granted by tho sultan. A few years ago it was said that tho great powors of tho world woro aching to lay hands upon curtain parts of tho Ottoman empire which wero most suited to their hu tho frequent demonstrations demonstra-tions which occurred In the vicinity of Tho Porto grew to bo of a menacing character, It being tho bollef of mnny oxperts on International affairs that sooner or later somo of the demonstrators would shell tho sacred city and take therefrom their dues. Latest developments In tho Turkish situation pointed to wnr. For a whllo It looked like n war in which all Europe Eu-rope would toko part. In tho ante-bellum tnlk Servln, Austria-Hungary, Dulgarla, Orceco and a few of tho others wero apparently promlnont nlovcrs. Tho trouble ot tho present yenr started with Bulgaria announcing its Independence from Turkey. Of course that mndo the sultan awfully mad and his peoplo having recently become- his friends, became equably equab-ly soro on tho proposition. Tho Turkish mlnlstors then held a cabinet session at tho monarch's Bctteo and declared de-clared that Bulgaria Bhould not bucomo Independent. So forthwith tho dnlly papers Bummed up tho fighting strength of tho two nations in tlmo of war and In tlrao of pcaco nnd found that Turkey had about 1,000,000 men ready to go Into the field. Bulgaria had far less at that time. When that had been decided Crete nnnouncod its Independence In-dependence also and as a protective measure united with Oreece, which declared It would protect Crete to tho host of Its ability. Then tho AnnautB of Albania proclaimed pro-claimed that thoy wero no longer servants of tho Turkisn government. With everyhody proclaiming Independent It began ta look as If thoro would remnln llttlo of Turkoy with tho oxcoptlon of Constantinople, nnd tho danger existed that somo of tho ever-ready powers would perhaps per-haps dovour Tho Porto Itself. Tho Berlin treaty, a sort of protective measure which exports took as a plan of Turkey's to keep It from losing lots of its small territories, bothered ltussla, France, Germany,' England and Bcvernl otter signers. Now thnt thero wns likely to bo wnr nobody wanted to be the "fall-guy," bo tho rovlBlon of the articles of the document was strongly suggested br St. Petersburg. America was only a looker-on in this trouble and was not likely to get mixed up In It at any time. But tho other powers who have always had an Itching of tho palm when Turkoy was mentioned were said to cravo a chanco to tear off a yard or two of tho Ottoman map for themselves. Austria-Hungary was tho first to mako a move In that direction. The people of Servln simply ached for war. Tho farmers, merchants nnd evory cltlzon promised to contribute to the expenses of war nnd those who had no cash to contribute wont out on tho streets lato at night and rioted for tho purpose of calling attention to tho fnct that ihoy demanded war and tho stlffest kind of a fight to settlo Europo's little argument of "who's to got tho Turk?" Howevor, to date theso conditions had become of sorlous charactor, hut tho longing to possess Turk- ; Ish lands still lingered In tho brensts of the war dogs, of tho old hemisphere. So It was natural thnt with tho revolt of tho Young Turks gaining sway throughout tho interior tho Bultnn should scent dnngor from afar. Had the Young Turks overcomo tho empire It would havo been but tho work of a'few weeks beforo tho collections of the great powers would havo been mado by taking lands most sultablo to their purposes, war authorities declare. So his royal highness capitulated. Ho granted the same constitution which had appeased tho peoplo during tho strugglo of 1870, but which he later took away. Abdul Humid felt that he could ward off danger from without or within, but ho could not hold his own with the strugglo going on both without and within, so ho applied ap-plied the casing process whero ho had power to do so. Slnco tho conclusion of tho treaty of Ilerlln, which terminated ter-minated the wars ot 1S7C-77, wero tho French Invasion of Tunis In 1E81, the treaty with Greece, the samo year by which Turkey ceded to tho former country the wholo of Thessaly and n strip of Epims; the occupation ol Egypt by Great Britain in 1882; and tho revolution at Phlllppopolls in 1885, when tho government of Eastern Roumella was overthrown and tho union of that country with Bulgaria wns effecte.d' Tho results of that revolution revolu-tion were In 18.86 .recognized by Imperial flrmln. The last ovent which attracted world-wide notlco was tho granting ot tho constitution this year. WALKERS OF THE PAS T Tho recent walking matchea nt tho stadium take tho memory back to tho lato '70s, when similar long dlstanco competitions flourished amazingly under tho negls ot Sir John Astloy and when E. P. Weston, Howes, Vaughan and Hlhberd wore the horoes of tho hour. Though Weston, tho pioneer, accomplished somo flno performances, they woro soon eclipsed by our own walkers, walk-ers, whoso feats created a great sensation at tho tlmo. Ono of tho best of them all was Billy Howes, a llttlo one-eyed one-eyed athloto, who walked 100 mllw In tho tn(h marvelous tlmo ot IS hours. 8 minutes, 15 oeconds, n i?eord which still remains unnpproached. Hlhberd cqvei so miles In 7 hours. 6t minutes 16 seconds, nnd without stopping lowered all existing Tecords up to 70 miles, for which dlstanco his time was 11 hours 38 minutes 35 seconds. Even moro wonderful wns the performance of George Llttlowood, who nt Sheffield trnmpd 631 miles In 138 hours 48 minutes 30 seconds, an nvorago of not much loss than four miles nn hour, night nnd day. between Sunday and Sunday. Westminster flnrPtto |
