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Show 1 THE PRESIDENT'S I ANNUAL MESSAGE T0J1AKERS I Recommends Legislation on 1 New and Important M Subjects, INCOME -INHERITANCE TAX Ho Believes Such Laws Would Curb Growth of Fortunes to Dangerous Dan-gerous Proportions, flit Views on Negro Question Asks for Currency Reform, and Shipping BUI Would Make Citizens of Japs Many Other Important Subjects i Discussed. Washington. Dec 3 President House-velt's House-velt's message to the avium! session of the Fifty-ninth congress dcils with n number of new mid Important subjects, chief of which In the government prosecution prose-cution of thu trusts the nbiiso of Injunctions Injunc-tions In labor trouble,), thu negro ques-tton, ques-tton, the preaching of class hatred fcetween capital and lulior, additional lcgls-latlon lcgls-latlon for the control of large corporations, corpora-tions, a federal Inheritance nnd Income tax law and currency reform Tim message opens with a statement ef what the lust congress left unllnlshed, nd of this he says. "I again recommend n law prohibiting til corporations from contributing to the campaign expenses tof any party. Hucli a bill has already past onu house of eon-cress. eon-cress. Let Individuals contrlbuta im they aostre; but let us prohibit In effective fashion all corporations from making contributions for any political purpose, directly or Indirectly. "Another bill which has Just past one house of the congress and which Is urgently ur-gently necessary should bo enacted Into law Is that conferring upon tho govern-mont govern-mont the right of appeal In erlmltml cases on questions of law Tills rlKht exists In many of tho states; It exists In the District of Columbia by act of the congress. It Is of course not proposed that In any uno n verdict for thu defendant de-fendant on the morlts should be set aside. Ittccntty In ono district where tho government had Indicted certain persons per-sons for conspiracy In cunmctlon with rebates, tho court sustained tho defendant's defend-ant's demurrer: whllo In another Jurisdiction Juris-diction an Indictment for conspiracy to obtain rebates has been sustained by the court, convictions obtained under It, and two defendants sentenced to Imprisonment. Impris-onment. The two cases referred to may not be In real conlllct with each other, out It Is unforlunato that there should even be an apparent conlllct. At present pres-ent thoro Is no way by which the government gov-ernment can ruuso such a conlllct, when It occurs, to bo solved by an upeii to higher QOUrt: and the whirls of justice are blocked without any real decision of ( N the question. I can not too strongly urge thep.iss'igo of the bill In question. A failure, to puss will result In sorlomly hampering the government In Its effort to obtain Justice, especially against , wealthy Individuals or corporations who do wrong: and may also prevent tho government from obtaining Justlco for wsgeworkers who are not thomsehes able effectively to contest n case where the Judgment of an Inferior court lius been against them. 1 have specifically In view a recent decision by u district Judge leaving railway employees with- I out remedy Mr violation of a certnln so- culled labor statute. It seems an absurdity absurd-ity to permit a slnglo district Judge, against uliiil may be thu Judgment of the Imtnense majority nf his colleagues on the bench, to derlare a law solemnly enacted by the congress to be "unconstitutional," "uncon-stitutional," nnd then to deny to the government the right to have tho supreme su-preme court definitely decide the question ques-tion " Evasion by Technicalities. "In connection with this matter, I would like to call attention to the. very unsatisfactory unsat-isfactory stutn of our criminal law, resulting re-sulting In lurge part from the hult't of 1 setting aside the Judgment,, of Inferior courts on technicalities nbolulely unconnected un-connected with the merits of the, case and where theru Is no attempt tn show tlmt there has been any failure of sub-slnntlal sub-slnntlal Justlco It would be well to enact en-act a law providing something to thu effect that: "No Judgment shall bn set aside or new trial granted tn any ruuso. civil or criminal, crim-inal, on the ground nf misdirection of the jury or tha lmprler udmlsslou or rejection re-jection of evidence, or fur error ns to an) matter of pleading or procedure unless. In tha opinion of the court to which the . application Is made, after an cxumluu- I , tlon of the entire cause. It shall nltlriuu- lively appear that the error complained oi has lusultrtl In a mlscurrluga of '"- Justice " Injunctions. On the subject of tho abolition nf Injunctions In-junctions In labor disputes, ha su)s "In my lust message I suggested the enactment en-actment of a law In connection with the Issuance, of Injunctions, attention having hav-ing linim sharply drawn to the mutter by the demand that the right of uppli-Ing uppli-Ing Injunctions In labor cases should be wholl) ubollshed It Is nt leust doubtful whether a luw nbolUhlng altogether the use nf Injunction" In such runs would stund tho test of the murls. In winch rase of course the legislation would bn Ineffective Moreover I lietlei'n It would I bo wrong altogether to prohibit the use of Injunctions 11 Is crliiiluut to permit J sympathy with criminal" to vvtMktii uur hands In upholding tho luw and If men seek to destroy life or prnert by mob violence theru should be no liupulrmeut of the power of the courts to ileal with them In the most suinmur) ami effective way possible Hut so far us )osble the abuse of the power should be Provided against by some such law us I udvocult-d last )ear "In this matter of Injunctions theru Is lodged In the hands nf tint Judlcfury u necessary power whirl, I nevertheless subject to the possibility or grave abuse It Is a power that should be ukfiilsed I with extreme cure and should be sub- I Jsct to the Jealous scrutiny of all men, I and condemnation should be meted out I as much to the Judge who full- to uso vW I It boldly when necessary us to the judge aB" who uses It wantonly or nppresalvvl) BJHBBB Of course, a Judge strong enough tn be B v fit for his office will enjoin un) resort to violence or Intimidation, especially by conspiracy, no mutter what his opinion may be of the rights of the original quarrel. quar-rel. There must bo no hesitation In dealing with disorder Hut there must likewise be no such abuse of the injunctive in-junctive power as Is Implied In forbidding laboring men to strive for their own betterment bet-terment In peaceful and luw ful wii)s. nor must the Injunction be used merely to aid some big corporation In euro ing !put schemes for Its own aggrandisement It must be remembere l that a preliminary prelim-inary Injunction In labor rase If granted without adequate proof (even when authority can be lound to support the conclusions of law on which It Is rounded), may often settle the dlsputo between the parties, and therefore If Improperly grunted may do Irreparable ""Vv wrong Vet there are man) judges who assume a matter-of-fact course gra- ting or a preliminary Injunction to I thu ordinary and proper judlclul dlswlon of such cases, and there have midoubt- ' sdlr been lUgrant wrongs committed by Judges In connection with labor ills-putes ills-putes even within the lust few ears, sltho I think much less often than In former years Such Judges b) their un-wise un-wise action Immense!) strengthen the nds o those nho ure uiv e i t) i ) to do away with the power of Injunction; nnd therefore such careless usj of tho Injunctive process tends to threaten Its very existence for If tho American people peo-ple ever become convinced that this process Is habitually abused, whether In matters affecting labor or In matters Affecting Af-fecting corporation. It will be wcll-nlzh Impossible to prevent Its abolition " The Negro Problem. Tho negro problem Is given considerable considera-ble attention, after calling attention to tho fact that no section of the country Is freo from faults, nnd that no section has occasion to Jeer at the shortcomings of any other section ho turns to the subject sub-ject of lynchlngs. and especially ns np-Piled np-Piled to the negro of tho south Ho sa)s the greatest existing cause for mob law Is the perpetration 1 the blacks of the crime of rape a crime which he terms oven worse than murder lie quotes tho admonitions to the while injoplo spoken by Uov Candler of (leorgla, some vears ago. and by Uov Jelks, of Alabama, recently, re-cently, and then sa)s "Kvory colored man should realize that tho worst , ncmy of his race In the negro criminal and above nil the negro ne-gro crlmlnil who commits the dreadful dread-ful crime or rnpe, nnd It should be felt ns in the highest degrie nn offense against the whole country nnd against the colored race In particular Tor a colored mm to roll to help the nlllcern or the law In hunting down with nil possible earnestness nnd zi nl ever) such infamous offender Mori over In my Jiiilgtnint the crime of rnpe should nlwnys bo punished with death ns Is tho rase with murder, nssnult with Intent In-tent tii commit rape should be made n ciipllnl crime nt leost In tho discretion or the court and provision should be made h which tho punishment may follow Immediate!) upon the heels or the offense while the Irlnl should lie so conducted that the victim med not be wiintoul) sliamei! while Riving tcs-tlmnti) tcs-tlmnti) anil that the least possible publicity shall h, given to the details T hi members of the white race on tho other hand should undirstand that every I) nihlhg represents li Just so much a loosening ()r the bands or clv- lUnllitii, Hint tho spirit or hitching Inevitably throws Into prominence In the communlt) nil the foul nnd evil creatures who dwell therein No man can take part In the torture or n human hu-man being without having his own moral nature permanent!) lowered l.vcry hni'hlug means Just so much moral deterioration in nil the children who have ntiy knowledge or It. nnd therefore Just so much additional trouble for the next generation of Amirlcans "Let Justice be both sure nnd swift but let It he Justice undir the law and not the wild and crooked savagery or a mob Need for Negro Education. "There Is another matter vvhlrlt has a direct bearing upon this matter or lynching ami or thu brutal crime which sometimes call It forth nnd at other times merely furnishes the excusu for Its existence It Is out of the question for our people ns a whole permanently to rlso b) trending down any of thilr own number Kvett those who themselves them-selves for the moment prollt by such maltreitment of their Mlows will In tho long run also suffer No more shortsighted policy can bo Imagined than In tho fancied Interest of one class to prevent tho education of nn-other nn-other class The rreo public school, thu chance tor each boy or girl to get n good elementnry education lies nt tho foundation of our whole polltlcnl situation situ-ation In every community thu poorest poor-est citizens, those who need tha schools most, would bo deprived of them If they only received school facilities proportionately to tho taxes they paid This Is ns true of ono portion of our country us of another. It Is ns true .e0.riU".'..,",Kro " f'r tho white mnn. Tha white man. If he Is wise, will decline de-cline to allow tho negroes In iv mass to l"!?w ,0 'uanhnod nnd womanhood without education, Unquestionably education ed-ucation such ns Is obtained in our pub-He pub-He 'schools does not do everything towards to-wards making a mini a good citizen: but It does much. Thu lowest and most brutal criminals, thoso for Instnnce win, commit the crime of rape, nre In. thebtrent majority men who have had either no education or very lltlo: Just as they are almost Invariably men who own no property, for the man who liiilsj money by out of his earnings. Ike the mail i who acquires education, Is usually lifted above mero brum criminality. Of course the best typo of education for the colored mnn. taken ta-ken ns a whole, Is such education as Is conferred In schools like Hampton and Tuskrgee; where the boys nnd girls, the )oung men and voting women, wo-men, nre trained Industrially us well ns In the ordinary nublln .ei,,.i branches The grnduntrs of these schools turn out well In the great ma Jorlly of cases and Imrdly uny of them become criminals while what little erlmlnntlt) there Is never lakes tin form of that brutal violence which In vltes lynch law Hvery graduate of these schools nnd for the matter of that every nher colored man or womanwho wo-manwho leads n lire so useful nnd honorable m, to win tho good will nnd respect of those whites whose neigh bor hn or she Is thereby helps the whole minted rnie us II .-an bn helped In no nth, r wu) fur next to the negro himself the man who ran do most to help the negro Is his while neighbor who lives near him, and our stead) effort should he to belli r the relations between the two (Ireat tho the bene-tit bene-tit nf thesn schools has been to their colored pupils and to the colored people. peo-ple. It insy well Im quistloneil whether Ihn beuellt tins nut been nt least as great to thu white people among whom then colored pupils live nfter the) graduate." Capital and Labor. On the subject nf capital ami labor the president takes lh agitators qf class hatred to task and sus "to preach hatred to the rich man. us such. . to seek to mislead and liulame tn madness mad-ness honest men whose lives are hard and who have not the kind or mental training which will enult them tn up-prtclatu up-prtclatu the danger In Urn doctrines preached is tn commit n crime ngalnst the body politic und to lie fa I so to ever) worthy principle und tradition or Amur-lean Amur-lean national life" Continuing on this subject he su)s "The plain people who think the mechanics, funnel merchants work ers with head or hand the men tn whom American traditions nre deur who love their eoiiulr) nnd try tn net decently by their neighbors nun It to themselves In remember that the most damaging blow that un be given popular pop-ular government Is to lei t un un-worth) un-worth) and sinister agitator nn n platform or violence and h)porrls Whenever such un Issue Is raised In this country nothing can be gulinil b flinching from It for In such ease democracy dem-ocracy Is Itself on Irlil popular self-government self-government under republican forms is Itself on trial The triumph nr the molt Is Just ns evil it tl "ug as the triumph tri-umph nf the Plutocracy nnd tn have escaped mm danger mulls nothing whatever If we siieiiumh to the nthir In the end the honest man whether rich nr poor who earns his own living and tries tn deal Justly by his fellows lias as much to fear from the Inslncer, and unwo. thy demagog promising much and performing nothing or else performing nothing but evil who would set nn the mob tn plunder the rloli. as from the crafty corruption!"! who for his own ends would permit the common people to be exploited by the very wealth) If we ever let this government rail Into the hands nf men of either of these two classis we shall show ourselves raise to America a past Moreover the demagog and corruptions! corrup-tions! often work hand In hand There are at this moment wealthy reactionaries reaction-aries of sudi obtuse morality that they regard the public servant who prosecutes prose-cutes them when they violate the law or who seeks to muke them bear their proper share or the puldlc burdens as being even more objectionable than the violent agitator who hounds on the mob to plunder the rich There Is nothing tn choose between such n reactionary re-actionary and such an agitator fundamentally funda-mentally they are alike In their selfish disregard of the rights of others and It Is natural that they should join In opposition to an) movement of which the aim Is fearlessl) to do exact and even Justice to all " Railroad Employees' Hours. He asks for the passing of the bill limiting lim-iting the number of hours of employment af railroad empties ami cUtssos the measure us verv moderate one He sum tie .,1m ,,f all slio dd be to steadily rtduce ti : number et hours l 1 ! of labor, with as a gnat the general Introduction In-troduction of an eight-hour day. but In-slsti In-slsti i that on the Isthmus of Panama ttie conditions are so different from what they are hero that the Introduction ot an elgiit-hour clay on the mnal would be absurd, nnd continues, "Just about as absurd ab-surd as It Is, so fur ns the Isthmus Is concerned, where while labor riinnot be employed, to bother ns to whether the work Is done by alien blnck men or alien Jellow men" Investigation of Disputes. i'm'. Vr.K" ."10 mactiiient or it drastic child labor law for the District of Columbia Co-lumbia und tho territories, and n federal Investigation of tho subject or child and female labor throughout tho country. He rovlens the work ot the commission nppolnted to Investigate labor conditions In tho crnl nobis of J'eiinsjlvahlu In Mo2, and rerors to the wish of the commission that tho state and federal governments should provide tho tunchlnerj- Tor what may bo called tho compulsor) Investigation Investiga-tion of controversies between emplo)ers and emplo)es when they arise" After referring to tho fnct that a bill has nl-rendy nl-rendy been Introduced to this end he siys "Jinny or those strikes nnd lockouts would not hnvu occurred had tho parties to tho dlsputo been required to appear before nn unprejudiced body representing tho nation anil, race to race, state the reasons rnr their contention. In most Instances tho dlsputo would doubtless be round to be due to a misunderstanding by each or the others rights, aggravated by nn unwillingness ot either party to accept ac-cept as true the statements or tho other is to tho Justice or Injustice, or the mat-t"rs mat-t"rs In dispute Tho exercise or a Judicial Ju-dicial spirit by u disinterested body representing the federal government, such as would be provided by it commission commis-sion on conciliation nnd arbitration y'i'Uld tend to create nn atmosphere of friendliness and conciliation between contending con-tending parties, nnd tho giving each side nn equal opportunity to present fully Its enso In the presence of tho other would prevent many disputes from developing Into serious strikes or lockouts, and In other cases, would enable the commission commis-sion to persuade the opposing parties to como to terms "In this iiM, or groat corporate nnd labor la-bor combinations, neither employers nor emplo)ees should lie lott completely nt tho mercy or the stronger pnrty to n dispute, dis-pute, regardless or the righteousness of their respective claims The proposed measure would be In the lino of securing recognition or the ract that In many strjkes tho public has Itself nn Interest which cannot wisely to disregarded; an Interest not merely or general convenience, conven-ience, Tor tho question or it Just nnd , proper public policy must also be con-J sldered In all legislation or this klnfl It Is well to advance cautiously, teitlnuTJ each step by tha actual results: tho step! proposed can surely be snrely taken, for tho decisions of tho commission would not bind tho parties In legal fashion, nnd )et would glvo u cliancu for publlo opinion opin-ion to exert Its full force for tho right." Control of Corporations. A considerable portion of tho messago is unvoted to tho subject or fed crnl control con-trol of corporations in what ho refers to tho passage at tho last session of the rate, meat Inspection und rooel laws, and savs tint nil or these have already Justl-led Justl-led their enactment, but recommends tho amendment of tho mont Inspection law so as to put dates on tho lnbels of meat products, and also to placo tho cost of Inspection on thu pickers rather than on the government. Continuing on this subject of thu control ot corioratlons by tho federnl government he sa)s; "It cannot too often be repeated that experience ex-perience has conclusively shown the Impossibility Im-possibility or securing by thu notions of near y half a hundred different statu legislatures anything but Ineffective chaos In the wny or dealing with tho grout corporations which do not opornto exclusively within tho limits or any one stato. tn some method, whether by it national license law or In other fashion, wo must exercise, nnd that nt an early date, n far moru complete control than nt present over these great corpora-tlons-a control that will among other things prevent tho evils of excesslvn overcnpltnllrntlon, and that will comil tho disclosures by enoh big corporation or Its stockholders jnmlgt Us Dropuilisk. and' business, RhJlher owned directly oH thru subsidiary or iitllllateel corporations This will tetxl to put n stop to tho secur-1 ng of Inordinate prollts by favored 1 Individuals at tho expense whether of j the goneral public, tho stockholders, or the wage workers, Our effort should be not so much to prevent consolidation as such, but so to supervise and control It us to sen Hint It results In no harm to tho people. The ronctlonary or ultracon-servatlve ultracon-servatlve apologists fur the misuse of wealth ussill tho effort to secure such control us n step toward socialism As n mutter or ract It Is thesu reactionaries and ultrnronscrvutlvrs who ure themselves them-selves most potent In Increasing socialistic socialis-tic reeling One of the most e indent methods of averting the consequences or it dangerous agitation which Is SO per cent wrong, Is to remedy tho 20 per cent, ot evil as to which the agitation Is well rounded The best wuy to nvert tho very undesirable move for the governmental ownership or rallwas Is to securu by tho government on behnir or the people us n whole such adequate control nnd regulation of the gre at Interstate common com-mon curriers as will do uwny with the evils whli h give rise to the agitation against them Ho the propii antidote, to the daiigernus and wicked agitation against the men of wealth us such Is to si cum h) propel legislation nnd executive, execu-tive, action the abolition or the grave abuses which nttuullv do obtain In connection con-nection with thu business uso or wealth under our present s)steui or ruthrr no s) stein of failure! to exercise any ndc-iliiuln ndc-iliiuln control nt nil Home persons speak as If the exerclto or such governmental loiilrnl would do away with Ihn freedom of Individual Initiative, nnd dwarf Indi vldual effort This Is not a fact It would bo a verllublo inlumlty to fall tn put it premium utsin Individual Initiative, individual rapaclt" and effort, upon the energy, rharuilir nnd foresight which It Is so Important to encourage In the Individual Hut us u mutter nf fact the deadening anil degrading eff.it of puru socialism, und ispenully or Its extreme form communism, and tlm destruction of Individual ihuraeter which they would bring nbout, are lu part achieved by the wholly unregulated competition which results In it slnglo Individual or roriNir-utlon roriNir-utlon rising nt thu expense or ull others until his nr Its rlsu effirttiull) checks nil impellllon and ridiicis foriiu r competitors competi-tors tn a iiosltlon or uttor Inferiority and subordination ' In enacting nnd enforcing such legislation legis-lation us this congress already has to lis credit, we urn working nn a coherent plan, with tho steudy endeavor to secure Ihn neiMled reform b the Joint action of thu moderate men. the plain men who do not wish un) thing hysterical or dungeious, but who do Intend to diul lu resolute iiimmonsensn fashion with the reul nnd groat evils or the pn sent s)slem Die rem tlnnurlis nnd the violent vio-lent extremists show s)iuplnms or Joining Join-ing hands ugmnst us lloth ussert. for Instance that If logical, wn should go to government ownership or rullrouds und the like the reactionaries, because on such nn Issue they think the people would stand with them, while the extremists ex-tremists care rather to pieach discontent and ugltutlou than to achieve solid results re-sults As u mutter or fnct, our position Is us remote from that of the bourbon reue tlonary us from that of the Impracticable Imprac-ticable or sinister visionary Wn hold that the government should not conduct the business of the nutlon, but that It should exerclsu such suervlslon us will Insure Its being conducted In the Interest Inter-est or the nation Our aim Is, so fur us may be, to secure, for nil decent, hardworking hard-working men. equullt) or opportunity und equality of burden Combinations Are Neceuary. 'The actual working of our laws hat shown that the effort to .irohlblt all combination, com-bination, good or bad. Is noxious where It Is not Ineffective, Combination or capital like combination or labor Is r necesstr) element or our present Industrial Indus-trial s)slum It Is not osslblu completely to prevent It, and If It were possible, such complete prevention would do damage dam-age to the body ixilltlc What wu need Is not vainly to prevent all combination, but to securu such rigorous and udequute control and supervision or thu combinations combina-tions as to prevent their Injuring the public, or existing in such form us Inevitably Inev-itably to threaten Injury Mr the mere fact, that a combination has secured practically complete control of a necessary neces-sary or life would under any circumstances circum-stances show that such combination was to bo presumed to be adverse to the public pub-lic Interest It Is unfortunate that our present laws should rorbld ull combinations, combina-tions, instead of sharply discriminating between those combination, which do evil He! rftes rr I Mine are ns often due to ths pressure ui big shippers (as A J I f w-as shown In the Investigation or tha Standard Oil company nnd as has been shown slneS by the Investigation or tho tobacco and sugar trusts) ns to the Initiative Initi-ative or big railroads. Often railrouds would llko to combine, for the purpose ot preventing u big shipper trom maintaining maintain-ing Improper advantages nt the expense of small shippers and or the general pub-lie. pub-lie. Huch a combination, Instcnd of being forbidden by law, should be favond. In other words, It should lie permitted to railroads to make agreements, provided these agreements were sanctioned by tho Interstate commerce commission nnd were published. Willi thesn two conditions condi-tions compiled with It Is Impossible to see what harm such n combination could do to tho public nt large It Is it public evil to hnvo on the statute books n law Incnpnble ot full iiifnriemcnt because both Judges and Juries realise that Its full enforcement would destroy tho business busi-ness of the country: tor the result Is to maKn decent railroad men violators ot tho law against their wilt, and to put it premium on tho behavior of the wilful wrongdoers, tiuch n result In turn tends to throw the decent man and tho wilful wrongdoer Into close association, and In the end tn clrng down the former to the latter's level, for the man who becomes n lawbreaker In one way unhappily tends to lose nil respect for law nnd to be willing to brenk It In many vvnys. No more scathing condemnation could be visited upon n law than Is contained In the words ot the Interstate commerce commission when, lu commenting upon the fnct that the numerous Joint trnttlc nsschlatlons do technical!) violate tho lnw.lthey say "The decision of tho United States supreme court In the Transmlsslsslppl case nnd the Joint Traffic association rnse has produced no practical effect upon the rallw ay operations opera-tions of the country Huch associations, lu fact, exist now as thev did before these decisions, and with the same general gen-eral effect In Justice to all parties, we ought probably to add thnt It is difficult to see linw our Interstnte rnllwnvs could bo oprrnted with due regard to tha Interest Inter-est Of the shipper und the railway without concerted action nf the kind nf-forded nf-forded thru theso associations " This means that tlm law ns construed by the supremo court Is such that the business of the country cannot be conducted con-ducted without brenklng It. I recommend that j ou glvo careful and ourly consideration consider-ation to this subject, und If you find the opinion of tho Interstnte commerce commission com-mission Justllled, thnt )ou amend tho law so as to obvlnle tho evil disclosed Brltance and Income Tax. H expected that the president fer In some wuy tn his boiler hesslty for the curbing or ennr-Hines, ennr-Hines, nnd he has dono so by flng legislation tor both In-H In-H an Inheritance Un be- H government should Impose n vPtnhorltnnro tux, und. It ihi-sI-lil,JJJ,BRruditcd Income lax Ma savs- "1 J'l welravvnro that such a subject ns tlwj needs iong nnd fateful study In order Unt thn people mil) become familiar famil-iar wsf what Is proposed to bo done, may cljrly see tho necessity of proceed Ing nil, wisdom nnd solf-restralnt, nnd may tiMso tin their minds Just how far they willing to go lu tho mutter, while Bdy trained legislators can work out thilprojict lu necessur) detail Hut I feel iBit In tho near rutin e our national nation-al legl'fjtors should enact u law providing provid-ing foilu graduated luherllani n tax by which steadily Increasing rntn or duly should put upon nil monevs or other vnlunblB loinlng by girt, bequest, or devlso an) Indlvldtiil or corporation It mnjlw welt to makn the tnx heavy In proBtlon ns tho Indlvldunl benellted la rcni'B of kin In uny event, In my JudgmrH the pro rata of the tux should IncrcasBnry henvll) with the Increase of the Xctimt left to nny ono Individual after nPertnln point has been reached. It Is uliat desirable to encourage thrift nnd ntilt'ltlon, nnd it potent source of thnirx 'W ambition Is the desire on thn part offci breadwinner to leave his children chil-dren weHrr. This object can be attained by makftthe tax very small on moder-nto moder-nto nm.'ai ot property left: because the prlnKect should bo to put a constantly con-stantly Aslng burden nn tho Inheritance Inher-itance iBt swollen fortunes which It Is ceiJJKf no benellt to this coun- J trrHte ,, ,., , , . mmmm rrcrvjtieskietii err the eth- Hof thn government thus do- Mcondltlons upon which nny Htnnce should bn received. m far the Inheritance tax R Incident, have the effect or V' transmission by devise or voajVeWrmous fortunes In question ps miessary nt present to discuss. IT is Kjfut progress In this direction should Vend.""1- At first u permnnent intloiudJWulierltanrn tnx. while It might bn mnnVsuhstnutlnl than nny such tax has hill. 'to been, need not approximate, either InBtniount or In the extent of thn Increase By graduation, to what such a tux shQknV ultimately be Inheritance Tax Constitutional. "Tills species of tax has again and ugnln been Imposed, ultho old) temporarily, by tho national government It was first Imposed by the act of July . 17W, when thn makers or the Constitution were nllve mid ut the hend nt affairs It was it graduated tax: tho small In amount, the rata was Increased with the amount left to any Indlvldiitl, oxciptlons being made lu the casn af certain close kin A similar tax was again Imixistd by the act or July I, 1W2. u minimum sum of JI.OuO In iiersoual properly being excepted from taxation, the tux then becoming progressive according tn Hie remoteness of kin The war-rev enui, uct of Junn IS, IK, provided for nil Inheritance tax on nny stun exceeding Hie vnlun of HO.OeO thn rnte'of'iox liter, using both In accord ivtirn with tho nmnunls left nnd In nc-Wdunce nc-Wdunce with the legatee's remoteness Air kin The supreme court has held that the succession tax Imputed ut thn limn (V thn civil war whs not it dlricl tax but mi Impose of excise which wus both constitutional con-stitutional and valid Jlon, recently tho court. In nn opinion delivered by Jlr Justice While, which euntulned an ,-x-inodlngly able nnd elaborate discussion of thu towers or tho congress to impose denth duties, sustained thn constitutionality constitution-ality of the Inheritunin tux feuturu of the war-revenue act of IMS. It Income Tax Constitutional? "In Its Incidents, und a purl from the main purpose of raising revinue an Income tax stands on un entirely different differ-ent footing from nn Inheritance tux. because be-cause it Involves no question ot thu per Initiation of fortunes swollen to un un healthy size. The question Is In Its essence a question of Ihn proper adjust ment of burdens to benefits As the luw now stands It Is undoubtedly dim cult to devise a national Income tux which shall be constitutional Hut whether It Is absolutely Impossible Is an other question: nnd If possible It Is most certainly desirable Thn first purely In come tax luw was past by the congress In ll!. but the most Important luw deal lug with the subject was thnt or UK I This the court held to bn unconstltu tlonal. "The question Is undoubtedly very Intricate, In-tricate, delicate, und troublesome 'I he decision of tho court was only reached by one majority. It Is Ihn law or the land, and, or course. Is excepted as such and loyally obeyed by nil good citizens Nevertheless, the hcsltnllon evidently felt by the court as n whole In coming to n conclusion, when considered to gether with the previous decisions on the subject, may perhaps Indicate the possibility of devising a constitutional income-tax law which shall substantially substan-tially acccompllsh tlm results aimed nt. Tha difficulty of amending the constitution con-stitution Is co great that only real necessity ne-cessity can Justify a tesort thereto Kvrry effort should be made In dealing with this subject, as with the subject of the proper control by the national government over the uso nr corporate wealth In Interstate business to di vise legislation which without such action shall attain the desired end, but If this falls, there will ultimately bo no alternative al-ternative tn a constitutional amendment." amend-ment." He makes a strong plea for technical and Industrial education for the masses, and while the federal government can do but little In this line, he asks that schools of this character be established In the District or Columbia as an example ex-ample to the various states. Agricultural Interests. He appeals for every encouragement that the congress can give to the agricultural agri-cultural Interests of thn countr) He points to the good that Is being done by the various forms of grange organizations, organiza-tions, and says; "Several factors must ronpsrate In the Improvement of the farmer's condition Ho must I ive the r'mie e to be educated In tho wld st poK-il'le s nse n the sense which ktV cwr in w the Intimate relationship bstween the theory of education edu-cation unci thn facts ot life. In all education wo should widen our alms It Is a good thing to produce a certain number num-ber at trained scholars nnd students; but the education superintended by the stnte must seek rather to produce u hundred hun-dred good citizens than merely one scholar, and It must bo turned now nnd then from the clnss book to the stodv of the great book or nature Itself, This Is especially true ot tho runner, as has been pointed out ngalu and again by nil observers most competent to pass iirnc-tlcnl iirnc-tlcnl Judgment on the problems or our country lire. All students now reallzo thnt education must seek to trnln tho executive powers or )oung peoplo nnd to confer mom rent significance upon tha phrase "dignity of labor," and to pre-pare pre-pare the pupils so that In addition to ench elev eloping In the highest degree his Individual cap icily for work, they may together help create a right public opinion, und show In many ways social nnd cooperative spirit. Organization has become necessary In the business world, and It has accomplished much for good In tho world or Inbor. It Is no loss necessary neces-sary ror farmers Such a movement ns tho grunge movement Is good In Itself nnd Is cupihln or n well-nigh Infinite further fur-ther extension tor good so lung nr It Is kept to Its own legitimate business. Tho benefits to bo derived by the association of runners for mutunf advantage, nre pnrtly economic nnd pirtly sociological "Jloreover, while In the long run voluntary volun-tary effort will prove morn elllrncloils than government usslstnnre, while thn farmers must prlmnrll) do most for themselves, yet the government can nlso do much The department of ngrlcutturo has broken new ground In many directions, direc-tions, ond )oar by jear It llnds how It ran Improve Its methods nnd develop tresh userulness Its constant effort Is to give the governmental usslstunco lu the most effective wn), thnt Is. thru as-soclatlotis as-soclatlotis of farmers rather than to or thru Indlvldunl farmers It Is nlso striving striv-ing to coordlnnto Its work with the ngrl-cultural ngrl-cultural departments of thn several state s, und so rnr us Us own work Is educational, to coordinate it with thn work or other educational authorities Agricultural education Is necessarily based upon general education, but our agricultural educational Institutions ure wisely spec lallxlng themselves, making their course relate to the aitunl teaching of tho agricultural nnd kindred sciences to young country people or )oung rlt) people who wish to llvo In thn country "(Ireat progress has already been made among farmers by the creation of farmers' Institutes of dairy associations, associa-tions, of breed, rs' associations horticultural horti-cultural associations, and the like A striking example or bow thn government govern-ment Mini the farmers can cnoperatn Is shown lu connection with the menace offered tn the cotton growers of the southern states by tho ndvnnce of the boll weevil Thn ilipnrtmcnt Is doing nil It cun tn organize the farmers In the threatened districts. Just nn It linn been doing all It can tn organize them In aid of Its Work to t radicate thn cattle cat-tle rover tick lu thn south Tho department depart-ment can nml will cooperate with nil such associations nnd It must have their help If Its own work Is to tie done In the most efficient st)le" Hn urges Ihn extension of the Irrigation Irriga-tion nnd forest preservation system, nnd asks for nn n proprlntlnu for building n memorial theater ut Arlington. Marriage and Divorce, As a means or bringing about national regulation of marriage unit divorce he suggests n constitutional amendment, nnd says It Is not safe tn leavn these questions ques-tions to be dealt with by the various states Continuing on tills subject he says: When homo ties nrn loosened; when men nnd women cense to regard n worthy family life, with nil Its duties fully performed, nnd nil Its responsibilities responsi-bilities lived mi to, ns the life best worth living: then evil days for the commonwealth are nt hnnd. There nre regions In our land, nnd classes nt our population, whom tho birth rate has sunk below the denth rate, Hurely It should need nn demonstration to show thnt wilful sterility Is. from the standpoint of thn nation, from inn standpoint of thn human race, the onn sin for whlph thn prnnlty Is natlnnnl death, race death! a alii for which there Is nn atonement: n sin which I thn morn drendfut exnetly In proportion propor-tion nn the men nnd women guilty Ihereor nrn In other respects. In character, char-acter, nnd bodily nnd mental powers, thoso whom for thn snkn of tlm slate It would bn well tn see the father nnd mothers of mnny healthy children, well brought up In homes inadn happy by their presence No mnn, no wninnn, cun shirk the primary duties nt lire, whether for Inve or ease und pleasure, or for any other cause, nnd retain Ills or her seir-respeet Thn president asks for the enactment Into law or u shipping bill that will place American Interests on thn seas nn a par with those or other louulrles, and urges especially that something be done that will establish direct steamship communication commu-nication with Houth Amrrlran ports Currency Reform. Amendments to thn present currency laws arn asked for, nnd after showing that present Inws arn Inadequate because of thn wldn fluctuation nf Interest charges, he says "Thn mere statement or thesn fads shows that our prisent system Is seriously seri-ously ilef, ctlve There Is need of n change l'liforlunnlel) however man) nr the proposed changes must bn ruled from consideration because they nrn complicated nre not ins) of comprehension compre-hension and tend to disturb existing rights nnd Inter, sis Wo must also ruin out any plan which would materially ma-terially Impair the value or tlm I'nltrd Htuton two percent bonds nnwplidgcd to s, curn circulation the Issue of which was made under conditions peculiarly pe-culiarly creditable tn the treasury I do not priss uny special plan Various plans have recently hi en proposed by expert committees of bankers Among Hie pluns which urn possibly feasible and which certainly should receive our consideration Is that repeatedly brought tn your nttrnllnn liy the pres nit secretary of tlm tri usury the is s, iitlul finturis of which have hern approved by many prominent hankers snd business men According to this plan national bunks should bn permuted per-muted to issue u spec Hied, proportion of their capital In nohs bf a given kind thn Issue to be taxed at so high it ratn as tn drive thn notes back when not wanted In legitimate trade This plan would not permit thn Issue of urrency to glvn banks nildillnnnl profits but to meet the emergency presented pre-sented by times of stringency Need of Automatic 8yilem. "I do lint say that this Is thn right system I only advance it tn emphasize empha-size my belief that there Is need for the adoption of somn system which "hall In, automatic nnd open to all sound bunks, so as to avoid all pos slblllty or discrimination and fuvorit ism Huch a plan would tend tn prevent pre-vent thn spasms of high money and speculation which now obtain In the New York market, for ut present there Is too much currency at certain seasons or the year nnd its areuinu lutlon ut New Vork tempts bunkers tn lend It nt low rates tor speculative! purposes whereas at other times when thn crops are hlng moved there Is urgent need for n large but temporary Increase In the currency supply It must nsver be fnrgrtten that this question concerns business men generally gen-erally quite ns much ns bankers especially es-pecially Is this true of stockmen runners and business men In the wtst, for at present nt certain seasons of the year the difference In Interest rates between the east and thn west is from six to ten per cent when as in Canada the corresponding dlffeniuo Is but two per cent Any plan must nf course guard the Interests or western west-ern and southern bunkers aseiirefully as It guards the Interests of New York or Chicago bunkirs, and must be drawn from the standpoints or the farmer and the merchant no less than from thn standpoints ot tlm city banker and the country banker The law should be mnendrd so as to specifically to provide that the funds derived de-rived from customs duties may be treat ed by the secretary t the treasury as he treats funds obtained under the Internal In-ternal revenue laws There should bn a considerable Increase In bills or small denominations I'ermlsslon should be given banks, If necessary under settled restrictions, to retire their circulation to a larger amount than IJom.oOA a month" He again usks for free trade with this country for the Philippines and In the same e miner lion reviews the work done by this couiitev u tie Is'ands and sa)s if we huve or. i n the Philippines it bus been in 1 1 i i , iju rapidly la the direction 'of granting a large mesa- H ure of self-government." H American citizenship should be eon- H ferred on thn citizens of Torto Itfeo. )H The harbor or 8an Juan In Porto Illco jjH should bo dredged and Improved The IH expenses or tho federal court or Porfo H Itlco should bo met from the federal LH treasury The administration of the af- H 'I1 "UP."0. HIc0- together with those H of the Philippines, Hawaii nnd our other )H Insular possessions, should nil bn direct- H ed under onn executive department: by H preference thn deptrtment ot stnte or the il department or war H Naturalization of Japs. IH President llnosevclt scores Han Fran- xaxaxaxfl Cisco and other Pacific coast cities for iH liirlr.t!;r",".,e,I,'t ,of ,l"' -Hpanese, and LH makes the following recommendations' aH Our nation fronts on the Pacinc, Just LH ns It fronts nn the Atlantic We hope llH to piny n constnntlv growing part In ialiH tho Brent ocenn or the orient We llH wish, ns we ought to uls'i, ror n great axaxaxsfl commercial development In our deal- iH Ings with Asia nnd It Is nut or the LH question that we should permanently laliH bnve such development unless wn rree- iH I) nnd gladly extend to other nations LlLlB tho snme measure of justice and good IJH frji.'V.'." w.,,rh we "P'Ct to receive H ?t r,l!,n. '., " 'Vnlv n rr small body H of our citizens that net bnilly Where jH the feileral government has power It iJalslH will ileal summarily with nny such. jH JNhere thn several states havn power zHIHB wisely and promptly with such con- IkH duct, or else thin small body of wrong- LiLiB ITJT !!,ny. ,r nK "''"' 'Pn tho great H mass of their Innocent und right- iliB thinking; fellows-. that Is upon our iH !?,'. ?,". ."" ,l , ,y,IO,,, . '"l manners H shnuld be an International no less thnn kH nn Individual attribute I ask fair H treatment for tlm Japanese as I would 1 nsk fair treatment for Oermans or iizH Kngllshmen frenchmen Itusslnns ot H 11? i -IT, ii1 .n,"k lt,"" ''."o to hurmnlty J and civ Miration l nsk It ns due to zslH ourselves because wo must net up- iH rightly toward nil men, .zlslsH "I recommend to the congress that IH an net be passed specifically provdlug for aH the naturalliatlnn of Japanese who come azasH here Intending to become American clt- H liens One of tlm great embarrassments H attending the performance of uur In- iH ternallonal obligations Is the fact that iiLS thn stnttltes or the I'nlled Htntes gov- xH eminent are entirely Inadequate. They H fall to give to the national government aH sufficiently ample power, through llnlted, H Htntes courts and by the Use or the kxaxaxH army nnd navy to protect aliens In the H rights secured tn them under solemn iH treaties which arn the law ot ths land itH I thererore earnestly recommend that' aH ..". lm!nl,, I"'1 civil statutes ot the IJH United Htntes bo so amended nnd nil led B to as to enable tho president, acting ror, H Hie United Htutes government, which U responsible in our International rela- axaxaxafl tlons. to enforce the right- of aliens uh-' H drr treaties Kven ns the taw now lei LH something ran bn dona by the federal government toward this end, and in the LH matter now before me affecting the Jap- H anesc, everything that It Is lu my powsr to do will bn clone, nnd all ot the forces,'1 axaxaxM miliary und civil, of the United Htalsi, ijH which I may law rally employ will bel axaxaxfl so emploved There should, however, be! al no particle or doubt as to the power oti aH the national government completely to H perform und enforce Its own obligations H to other nations. The mob of a singlet ijH rlly may nt nny time perform acts or llH lawless violence ngalnst some class of V foreigners width would plungn us Into axaxaxM war 'I ho city by Itself would bn power- aH less to make defense ngalnst the for- xaxaxaxai clgn power thus assaulted, und If Inde- xaxaxaxai pendent of this government It would) .H haver venture to perfonn or permit the, BBLal performance of thn acts complained of? tH Tho nntlra power nnd the whole duty to eH protect thn offending city or the offend- eH Ing community lies In the hands of tha llH ''H,c' .States government. It Is un- Laxaxaxal thlnknbln that we should continue a pel- H ley under which a given locality may be- aH allowed to commit n crime atalnst as aiaH friendly nation, nnd the United Htntsr tH government limited, not to provsntlngi H thn commission or tlm crime, but. In the H Inst resort, to defending the people who- aH have committed It against thu conse- H quence hfiUialriwn.wrongeUlng." - H Cuban Intervention. H The rebellion In Cuba and tha Incl- donts lea ling up to the establishment oti M the provisional government Is reviewed,' al and thn president says: H "When tha election has been held and, H tha new government Inaugurated Inl H peaceful and orderly fashion of the provl- saH slonal government will come to nn end. H I tnkn this opiortunlty of expressing- upon behalf of the American people,' H with all possible solemnity, our most H earnest hope that the people of Cuba H will reallzn the Imsmratlva need of pre- H serving Jiisticn und keeping order In the jjH Island. Thn I'nlted Htitlos wishes noth- H Ing of Cuba exrept that It shall prosper H morally and materially, and wishes noth- H Ing of the Cubans aavn that they shall iH bn nblei to preservn order among them- H selves nnd therefore to preserve their aaai Independence, ir the elections become a farce, nnd If thn Insurrectionary habit H becomes ronllrmad In the Island, It la ab- .H solutely out of Ihn question that tha M Island should continue Independent: and H the United Htntes, which liss unsummt .H the sponsorship before the civilized world H for Cuba's rureer us a nutlon, would H iigulu havn In Intervene und to see that H the government wna mnnuged in sueti orderly fashion as to secure thn safety H of life und proper!) Thn pulh to be H trodden by those who exercise solf.gov- H eminent Is iiIhids hard, and we should huve uwry charity and patience with the H t'ubuiis us they tread tills illlllcult parth H I havn thn utmost sympathy with, and H leguid for, them, but I most earnestly H ndjurn them sol, mnl) In weigh their re- ITB "poinlbllltles und to we thut when their aaH new government Is started It shall run H smoothly, and with freedom from fla- H grunt denial or right on tho onn hand, nH and from Insurrecllonuiy disturbances on H thn other "H Considerable spurn Is devoted lo tha H Inlernallousl rnnfi rencu of American re- H publics und Ihn visit of Hecretury Hoot H lo Houth America, nnd points to ths fact H that our efforts In behalf or the nations M at thut country urn appreciated by them. H On the subject or tho I'aimmu canal he H promises u special timssagu In the near ITH future B The Army and Navy. M The message closes with u. plei for aH tho maintenance or the navy at Its pres- B cut standard, to do which ha sa)s would aH mean Hm building or onn battleship each M year ur thn piesenl efficiency or the B army and uuvy he sa)s H '"Ihn readiness und , lib lency of both the H urni) und navy lu ibuhng with the re- bVJD cent sudden crisis lu Cuba Illustrates afresh their value to the nutlon This aH readiness and etllileni) would have been M very lum h less had It not been for tha H existence of the general stuff lu the army M and tin, general hoard lu the navy, both H are essential to the proper development H and use or our in Ittury forces afloat unit H ushore The troops that were sent to H Cuba were handled (lawlessly H was H thn swiftest mobilization und dispatch ol troops over set ever accomplished by H our government Thn expedition landed M completely equipped and reudy for lm al medium servl. several or Its argunlza, ffB lions hiiidlj i onlnliig In llavuna oval night before splitting up Into detach, EC incuts uml going to their several posts. BrJ It was u line di muiistrutlon of tha vulol h ami elllilemv or the general staff Him, FBI Hurl), It wus owing lu lurgn part to tha general hoard that the nuvv was able M ut the outset to meet tho Cuban crisis H with such Inalunt elthlenc). ship alter H ship uppeurlug un the shortest notice at M uny thieutuind point, while the murine corps in particular i-erfouned Indlspens- M able service. The army und navy was M colleges urn or Incalculable value to ths M two services, and they cooperate with H constantly Increasing iltlclruiy and im- B parlance H "The congress has most vvlsel) provided B for u national boa id for thn promotion or rifles practise Km client icsilis tuve " already come from this law but it dses not go fur enough our legular ary 1 Is so small that in uny grout war sen BJ should huve to trust malnl) to vol- BJ unteers, uml In such event thesn volun- BJ lers should ulreudy know haw to shoot; BJ for If u soldb r bus thn lighting edgs. BJ and ability to take rare nf himself In the open his illliiiucy on tho Hue of BJ battle Is almost due, tl proportionate te BJ excellence In marksinaiishlp We should BJ establish shooting galleries In nil ths large public and military schools, shooh1 BJ inaliituln nutlon il target ranges In differ- B ent lurt" of the country, and should In v B every way rmmiruge tho formation ot X'm rltle clubs thruout ull parts of the land. & B The little republic or Hwltzerland offer 3 us un excellent exuinplo In all matters ; B I connr. ted with building up an efficient fl CllllCII soldier) I ' rilKUUUItE BOOSUVIXT." I |