Show r l I I j jH f H t I 1 t Kindie the Christmas bra brand d and then 1 I i t Till let it burne fi 1 1 i iJ Will hicl ch then lay la it up u a en i J wy Till Christmas next returnee J r 1 h y TIlE THE T I I VI WATERWAYS A A YS OF THE WORLD t V if r TilE TIIE recommendation ot of the lath I IC ratan Is to he be sooner or later It would woul seem that the nw of at the American I to III bo be divided and tile the long I promised usual 1111 11 connecting the waters ot of the At and become an pushed tact fact VIewed In the light not 11 ot of recent but ancient history may b be the outcome ot of the lal t Investigation there Is no doubt that the AmerIcan canal canalI I h some route Is nn eventuality ot of the lut tire comparatively flour taking Into the gigantic u nature ture ot of the task and the thc necessity for c careful j lion h It was wal well within the pres I ut nl century that the united States go goI gov I had Its attention directed to th Ih t ot of n a moat on and only In 1506 that the famous set ent Von Iron declared It tl yet nearly years have pass passed ed mere the search fo for u a waterway eon con conn n ting the two oceans was WIl first be begun gun Jun ChrIstopher Columbus was wall look for It In 1602 and 1111 It was the tho Impel linK hug motive ot of Vasco Nunez de when hill Sept 26 6 1613 silent upon 1 a peak lea Ie In Darien he first or of nil all I looked Ul upon on the waters or of the PacIfic The centennial or of c canalization In the States was celebrated In Ign 1502 for It was In 1782 1712 th that t two short canals Ht opened on the Connecticut river In la But Bul George ton tOil has hns been called the tR thor of at the can tl in III our owIng to hi early ano and tent advocacy ot of nn an 1 nr III waterway to connect the Po and the great lakes which III IIIi dl i nett r resulted In the Chesapeake and j hlo hl and Indirectly It Is claimed i Ir In I the Irle Prell 4 le lethe lent rat Madison urged ur ed edthe the uniting ot of the great lakes with the I river by n a ship canal anal i 1 bi I for tor light draft dratt war vessels vessel which I was ultimately carried carrle out In the great drainage canal In more recent I times While we have hae It fl la Is estimated moro more than miles ot of cAnals within the limits ot of the UnIted States Stales none Is large enough to float modern warships ot of deep draft or vessels intended for tor commerce There are more than Ihan a dozen canals ot of over each In length which are aro entitled to the designation great heading the list lilt Is II the famous Erie miles Buffalo and the son rIver All these however fire are or of shallow depth and few tew are capable of being enlarged to meet I the demands ot of the times ns as ship ca canals canals nals The short but Important Sault Ste Marie lalI connecting Lakes Inkes SuperIor and Huron has Veen n enlarged and deepen deepened n ned ed since Its construction In 1 1565 5 and the Canadian canal caMI the Wel land between Lakes Lab I and Ontario has hall also aillo boon been made deep enough for tor gunboats and most war vessels In the proposed stilt canal the St lawrence and Lake by way ot of the OttawA and French rivers the Ca government will Ii a work or of Inestimable value alue which ilia may change chango the balance ot of trade considerably In Its fa favor 01 The teall really great undertaking for tor this government to man many noted ellIn engineers rs have averred Is n a ship canal to our Atlantic coast cout from Boa llos ton or the north shore ot of Cape Cod to New Orleans or Galveston ston cutting across the peninsula passing through Long Island sound he ha hind the few e Jersey eo act Cape Hat Hatteras teras etc ele through the marsh manh regions ot of Gpo Georgia la aid across the peninsula ot of Florida to the tho gulf gult ot at Icu Such uch n canal unal the they fiR say could be provided at comparatively small expense ant and with without without out u a lock the entire distancE At 1 least one plucky American demonstrated th or of from the St Ht Loo 1111 relics to th of Mexico nearly nearl nil 1111 the stay 1 b by n natural tural water courses ant inlets when Mr Nathaniel U Ii Bishop made hla hili wonderful voyage ot of nearly miles lu III n a paper canoe In the old world attempts nt at tion were made man many centuries prIor to the discovery or of the new world unless we take Into consideration the weak et PC torts forts ot of the peoples anciently dwelling hero and who are now extinct clap w Waterways In tact fact are ot of almost It if not quite equally ancient origin with roadways on land Ian having been heen originally constructed for tor tion and secondarily for tor transportation purposes The canal or wa waterway of magnitude was probably All As Assyrian syrian hut but th the and the Chi Chinese Chinese nese possessed Rome canals of a note for tor pretty prett reliable evidence hu has been ad adduced to show that J Egypt once united the waters or of the sea and the Med Mediterranean by digging across the lath mus mue ot of Suez while China toda today poe its Grand Orand canal ranal over oer 1000 miles lon long which is III said to have hae taken years enra to build to other worlds do not the astronomers tell us ua that there Are ca canala nala In the planet Mars laN II by means or of which It Is hoped to secure MOure ultimate communIcation with the remote Mar Martians using them RI as the basis balls ot of sig alg signaling through ether ethereal lIl apace The largest ship canal in Europe until quite recently was Wall that which Amsterdam Holland In connection with the North sea len This has n a length or of 51 miler n a surface wl width th ot of feet And n a depth ot of IS 13 feet teet permitting the ot of 1400 ton ships In At Great Britain there are more than 2000 nulls ot of canals but until the great gleat waterway was wal ollen opened d to Manchester II a few tew year Ago the largest work ot of the kind there was the canal which hat had a j 1 I J ibo NS CUBIST C I s Poem by Neil Macdonald Nd p I 11 P rince lilt s uPon H s cot were tai Dy lit sages from a distant climb angelic airs seraphic played I No signs forecast the Ills of coming time cre was no presage of that fateful year The crucifixion or the strangers tomb 1 Of the dismay that filled all hearts with fear j When the earth shook mid universal loo I The veil that hides the future from our ken kenI I Obscures In love for who would dare I t The toilsome journey Huts outlined for men If all the future ills of life they knew But He the sinless one foresaw them all The fiery ordeal which before Him lay t I nd though He shrank from Ills that w iJ doll ao i went where love and dt t ed ee way t jt j se ser 1 r k j o oY or ot Y r 1 i 1 t J He taught u love should hould dominate the ni nl d dt Love that for would fain forget a wong w ong t t r nd that the kind and tender ever find to selfish persons neer belong U If wealth were requisite for highest need Or ease untroubled led us near to God Gode e Christ would have traced some other path to lea Ica leaOur Our halting footsteps than the road He trod Tf T e rank and pride and grandeur gr of the great The Mammon power to which the servile kneel Were Verc naught to Him who chose a low estate And on mans toll toil put His seal The poor mans Christ for poverty He knew In birth In life in death rebuked the prIde J That measures men by standard of the few Not by the worth which 1 will Gods t t abl e I P A Jolly Group I 7 f f ki 4 1 f e ti kl kli i iY t 7 J e r V hi t t 7 w l 1 1 1 I j a awa 7 I Photo hoto by Mellen o I total length ot of GO 60 miles and a depth or of 20 feet teet The Th Manchester canal stands tand unique In the history ot of artificial waterways since It was du dug to connect wIth the ten sea tenIL IL a city without a harbor It Is SO 30 miles long has haa an unobstructed charnel channel 26 feet deep and cost cOlt more than the e having been As Asan s san an example ot of enterprise on the part or of merchants and manufacturers r this attempt to convert an Inland city into Inlo a maritime bring the i ships to the factories rather than tf re remote mote moe the latter to the almost unprecedented In France the CAnal lIu du Midi con strutted more than years eara ago Is 1550 miles long a and 00 feet teet wide hut but not 0 over 1 seven t feet t deep A ship canal caliRI is II however projected to unite the waters ot of the Loire and tile the Rhone thus thul con connecting In the Atlantic and the Mediterranean nean It will shorten the distance say between London and India by br at least I 1 OO miles hut but It will also take awa away British prestige b by leaving Gibraltar r hIgh and dry and no longer loner the kc key to the Mediterranean What I Is likely to be the longest canal anal canalin In the world le II that projected across Russia from the Baltic to the Black Blacksea I I sea A distance ot of miles RI as the crow flit files and about 1000 as canal and rivers must run JJ By means of at this ca caI canal nal would be made independent I of Turkey and all other l powers In tact fact for It is II Intended to cut It to a depth j to the passage ot of till the largest battleships It Ii is to be feet tiet wide at surface at bottom and 27 feet teet In depth its cot coat Is II at from to but will probably exceed even the larger figures The German government as Is II well known has been In Indefatigable In anal digging Its latest great work being the I famous North sea Ita canal whIch la I I GI 64 miles in III length lenth a and nIl al about Out SO 30 feet teet deep and cost nearly It was opened In 1895 1355 with ceremonies th the emperor himself presiding when R a I II procession of merchant steamers l and i I wiled lied through takIng five hours to pass pall a given point It Is believed that thai all the greater works ot of this character hAve been cited except ot of course that most famous ot of all ull the Suez canal the history ot of whIch Is well known A ship canal aliBI mayy ilia have i anciently connected the waters aters ot of the Mediterranean and the He Red seas Has bUIlt but if so eo It hall had been filled up UI and abandoned for tor nearl nearly 1100 years ears when De took rook hold ot of the more mo modern ern enter enterprise prise The first of oC modern surveys ot of this Ihl route for tor a canal were Ere made malle under orders ot of Napoleon I during hI Inva Ima ImaI lion abon ot of Egypt but the reports ot of his i I engineers rs In fn snaking making the level leol ot of the I I lied sea lIa 30 feet teet higher than that ot of line Mediterranean were found to h be orro arro I neaul hy by a combined survey lurer or of French l I English and amI Austrian engineers n In III 1547 when the true level was wal ascertained M 1 De secured a concession for tor forthe the canal in III 1161 1051 and a company was organised in III 1868 1053 exclusive guar guarantees for 01 II years yeara ml Ills original elt esti estimate mate was for tor the total work but when It was wal completed In net 1160 Its real cost cOlt amounted to Yet even en on this vast valt aunt 1111 it is said to hIVe have paid a good profit though the stockholders ma may not have shared in It ItIn ItIn In Its Ita length ot of about about 76 75 mil muss were wele land excavation and 26 25 miles mile traversed the lakes lAke Its at sur surface face tace averages feet teet at bottom 72 while th depth la III 26 20 t feet t Recurring now to the ship canal anal that comes nearest the ll cut across some lorne 1101 or of Central InA he bo noted that tour four routes have been en In view for tor mAn many I years These werE first th thi the i isthmus ot of Tehuantepec In III Mexico I second along alone the southern lOuthern frontier ot of third across the ot of Panama Pananna and fourth across Darien I rhe fhe first ha has been pronounced owing to diplomatic It as well DR as physical obstacles In the way though It II I is In some respects admIrable It Is IA from east to west welt aide with lIh an 11 ascent to ISIO feet and the river Co Cn extends th the way across Sune Surveys have han been carried on In a desultory tol manner by Jy the United government during the pa past t 40 or co 50 years and the engineers have finally upon the vr very routes chosen more Inore than IGO years eara ago aro Though It a route roule across Darien to 10 the south lOuth of has been beell frequently advocat 1 Id el tine the final choice now lies ileA n ns anI and Th The s between ports port ot of the north ano and casts are a approximately th the same me via 1 either Panama Tanana or Nica Nicaragua 11 I each section having It Its I salons And I all as all the world knows hu has already alread been exploited to a greater extent ex lent than De J Lesseps tePI original sett mate male was waN and actual work ark WRIt was bt begun un In 1351 hut It la Is said It I that from to Lave have al ai already I ready been heen expended and that at least will be necessary to I Ithe the work whIch le II not mo more than halt half halfor or two completed In Panama the mountain feet fHt high I soil and the Intermittently torrential Chagres Cha ChaI gres I river with It Its I deadly ren even are th the two chief deterrents to 10 Without entering Into a ot of the respective advantages ot of either etther route or of the It tm may lIe he l 1 safely tely al asserted that It I la eo j healthful The chief objections to it IL ago Ifo l lIt Its It length and the Iho elevation ot of the country countr through whIch the canal matt II pass A As against only 36 35 miles In and th the f f ot of a sea lei level canal at I Iama ama there al are the distance or of laic miles In and ar an altitude ot of feet teet neet i t numerous locks locke In Niangua t t There Tbell are no fro physical obstacles that Uta l be overcome as all the i irom rom million have reported but enor moue maul u expenditures will be required Ita es it h i varying all the wa way train 1110 v to 10 whIch latter I ii that ot of the tho last lint and mOlt mat r purvey ever tyer carried out estimate n however was wal based baled upon a canal to ht he j I 36 test teet deep In anticipation of at future 1 Jut but It if the depth were to lie be r i I reduced to 30 feet teft a saving vitI ot of perhaps r could be effected The lite necessary essary ellry locks lock I and an Immense data for tor r I impounding the waters water ot of the San Ban Juan river make this route the 1111 most mOlt e n probably that could he ted but on the other hand its III I Ie Ic arid topographic II as well as al climatic l 1 I l I advantages are indisputable with n a t f flare large lare and deep p lake Nicaragua at an elevation ot of OVEr feel teet above sea Ie 1 cl 1 a 8 perpetual supply ot of water see a Ily con controlled troll TAken all In all and after atter the line evidence pro and con It appears I I that the ship canal to connect the two 1 great reat eans ot of the future will probably f lase over the Nicaragua route I The following table ot of comparative 1 I distances tine number ot of miles I 1111 I tin water travel saved by tine the use UM ot of on onnal 01 i inal nal routes built and projected d aced i i I sad ad ll mba 1114 sW Sea urk sad lId lea t I l low it New ow fork ork and nd oJ w OrIC and III I 1 IH 4 rw H I u lea na l and laa F i r rW W York ork sad laa n D 11 r York and Yokohama t I w York ork sad IN J sad ad a n 1111 1 q ool Cud II I 1100 Dd C I I and Dd 00 fn 11 boa II to toN r I I N York ork II G III nl I f raD ttO Y Is 1 f i II I 1 If TRUMAN 1 t Io I mN i rhe fhe rondon or of the lies It burled I I feet reet below tine the level of at Ch ChIll Ill and still deeper than that is bur t i iJ J 1 d I the earlier London ot of the Britons In III II nearly eu h all parts ot of the city there I 1 f r f rh fhate h hate e been en discovered paves r rte 11 Ills Homan baths tombs I lamps see sandals andall keys kEs weapons coins i Ind statues or of tine tilt ancient Homan potty 1 1 t I t S k ti i I t i |