Show HY Sonia of nil nn i nt at the tho There I is abundant reason In age or of automatic production for awarding to lu machinery It Its place ot of at the exposition rat It Buffalo next summer u mer The Machinery building itself is II a grand nd architectural work ork the Ule else Ie of which may mar be from rom Its which Is Ismore ismore more than ot of a mile The will be elAborate without be beIng beIng Ing tiresome Tilt general arrange e ement ment is III representative as aa to hut but not exhaustive In to void avoid undue Articles Article or of manu facture will be shown In ht a manner mallner to illustrate their loit by b images t ot of develop development ment from hand llan met methods bod through the first crude attempts at ap aI machine Im Ie tr pr to the automatic Ono OnA ot of the mAny details represented I Is th the manufacture of mills which the Ihl States i is issow shipping to every foreign forlIn country sow These shipments have haE so east chronicled In kegs kep kepr they arc no longer or r hundred weights but by the hun hundreds ot of mean An exhibition ot of tome totI and methods method I b I a In order to grasp the re or of such an ex line of called the what wu was a ago Forty yen years contained 1 black country In h villages to the masking whole where whole hand nails by b of f lIel tat at the EI v bl s scrawling amused about UI tm hearth crawling elvel oC t tr for tor young Yount WOo t o r 1 J 7 called tree free workers because they were paid by the pound or hundred hundredweight weight t Time rhe head of the family secured the nail naU rods rodl at th the village store Three rods rod were Ip In sizes to correspond to the else ot of the nails nalla to bt be mlle made and were laid for In nails at a fixed price The nail naU were lup supposed d to weigh bark ak at about 75 per cent of the w weight of the mods allowing r 6 per r cent ent fr for dross drosa and other liberal In one would thInk In these days of machine ma machine alone chine accuracy In more than Etty tty thousand people were employed In this manner What a curious eom comment nt on human nature natuM to note that these th families In eluding women were ere the foremost to resist the encroachment or In IB bor IIA saving even to the use UI of destructive free The first patent for a nail naU machine wu was granted by King Jam James tu to his hi trusty knight ht Sir Dols BUlmer In XI f rI y yUna H ting Una or nails ort off Il a sheet of Iron was AI a nail machine n a suet IUt U Americans adopted the same principle and Improved upon It so ao that about the year cut nalla nal could rould be made by machinery both In anI and America It I is one thing to invent and perfect machinery ma but It is III Quite another thing to 10 have It adopted anI and brought blought Into general use For forty years the th mail mo machine was al kept in the background while the great hulk of the worlds orld sup supply ply of nails lIali A U mAde by hand The Th first nul machinery for tor making lions loree shoe nails that could be If considered It at atall all successful was put In operation In 1872 but It required ten years year to rom come the prejudice lCt In nor favor ot of hand handmade made madl nails nail II For or still another decade shoeing smiths after roundly caning would tilt the new tangled things the heads and tip lip tb the points point to agree with Aith their own Idas rhO term penny penn denoting the site alze ofed of J ed e H strip of school This metal strip cot cor responded In width and thickness to the and site allt ot of the nan nail to be mule mad They were fre ted fed Into the machine by hand h the taper of oC the nail necea turning the strip the reverie aide Ide UP all as each nail was cut As AI the were weno cut tut they WEre caught be Jews Jau of a vi vise and the larger en pressed with a lilt die to form torm the tbt head Ihl completed the tbt process proeHl and arki the mails were dropped Into a trough to the keg It was waa a common thing for tor an Iron nan nail adf In hit this manner to split when being belal driven the pron prongs followed the grain In ot of the wood In different dine cUree Steel nails nail made In this way were better l because aUM ot of superior tough n nesy which r them pliable enough to clinch T The h price of steel nails ranged about I r cent nt more per I pound than Iron Iron nail halls I were often ortEn treat treated which an aD answered annealing ed to an the same eam purpose 1 men with Uh colored kerchiefs bound about their head to protect their haly their muscular arms arm bare to the shoulders stood pumping the bellows x and alternately bending over the he anvil deftly using a hammer ht one hand band and working another hammer with the toot foot by means mean of a treadle attachment This wu was severe work and poorly paid In those thole chilling per week In truck at the tho village It if the work was at all faulty It was taUNt called thereby reducing even this meagre pay Twelve hours houri per day were these thele daughters of Vulcan me reo to labor their youth away In inthis this manner for a mere pittance In a village where bere nails were made the houses houle were ere built for the purpose having a tall stall attached which con COli slimed the hearth ThElIe stalls rent rented Id ed for about tour four pence per week Families working In this way ay were ur J N NJ N hAJ thE year yar isee 1806 It Il is III recorded that the said Sir Bevis Bulmer hate haCA invented ItI a anew new apt or forme or of engine or instrument to be put In sae driven anti and wrought withal b by water ter em waterworks all as wen well for tor the concerning a quicker and more apt and speedy ways and meats then known expert perl and Used within our realms and within Ut the tyme of mans memory for tor Um hI about the cutting o oIron of Iron Into small bars ban or Rodde to serve for tor the making r ot of for tor the necea nary use UN and or of us and our sub subjects Jec tl This is II but the commencement of a alon along lon long preamble setting forth the merits of oC the but It was wall not a sue cell cesa Other trusty subjects t tto to invent and patent nail machinery for tor the next two hundred years but not until the ar 1811 when a ham Arm made the experiment of out 1 L M nails nail may ma have originated by Jy I ht and count as the handmade null nail weighed 14 10 pounds per halls though some laY my that 1055 not for tor the term penny penn unless penny III hl that oak oue meant pound A late as a 1830 1810 nails were sold by count Cd nail antis sold at tour pens pence per hundred penny ot of course being the penny penn Th These a explanations thou though h different are probably both correct cor a as customs were then localised to such an extent that even weight and varied In different tarts or of orthe the country tenny as al elfi designating patin weight long an ago passed Ird out ot of even the length now bl being designated by numbers except In local Twenty years ago allO we had two I ual ot of cut nails Iron and steel Whey were made practically the same way with a very simple machine which choPP chopped the nan nail from the end or of a Eat lIat EatN VM M N |