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Show ' ; ; MEXICO ' . VI &AH.WAT DETXLOrMZMT. -' ' ' ' . By Frederic X Haskin - m a EXICO CITY- The rsilwsv de velopmest of Mexiea baa Bad ill am M do with the preaeat prosperity ef the seeatry taaa aay Mkw eat thine, except tbe guarantee guar-antee of peace which tbe arm band of Ferfirie Diaa ku gives tbe world. . . Ika ! policy of tka (ov-oraaiaat (ov-oraaiaat was ia tka awia boatila to railway davalop-nat. davalop-nat. Prosidoat . Tejada ' atroajrlr apposed tha build in of aav railroad lioao whiah woald coaaset Maiico with tka Uaitad Btatsa. Ha da clarod that the boat defaasa of a waak ' aatlaa against a powsrfaJ aaighbor is aa in torrsniae: desert, ul tkat bo was tha schedule ar tka stopping plseea ef a traia shall sot be Bade wit soot the eaessat of tha ewrerameat. Yet erery railway aaaaaffer ia Heme expresses himself as thonraghlr eatisfted with tha law. One ef then declared that ia all hie railway experience he had sorer aaea sack a satisfactory railway law aa that aadvr which the Malices lines operate. H stated that ia too eleven years of its existence it bad dnnen-t dnnen-t rated bat aaa weak point. The law doea sot rerofrnize ths virtae of low ratee for virgin territory aad will aot porn it a railroad ta ire a law rate oa s certain commodity ia a eertaia eoxtnnnity without riving the same rata aa that commodity to arerr other coaaieaity ia ita territory. For is stance, eosse little distance ant of Mexico City there are aoese email lumber lum-ber districts. Tha aatiosal liaee bare epened ap new timber territory ia aorthera Mexico nod desire to make a low rata to Mexico City, so that their lumber eaa eater tha eitr oa equal freight ratee with tha lumber originat-iag originat-iag aoaror to tha capital.. Tat they cannot do aa without ehaagins every other lumber rata ta their tariff. , It might ba supposed that with tha Mexican gererameat owning a aoatroK liag iatercet ia e as-half of the railway rail-way mileage of tka republic, ita system sys-tem would do gives preference ever the privately ewsed lines. Bat tha eoa-trarv eoa-trarv ia true. Ita Haea muat compete thankful that tka great desert region of Mexiea interposed i tea If betwssa the Texaa froatier aad tha capital. The ftrst railroad bailt in Mexiea was the line of the Mexican railway exceeding exceed-ing from Mexies City to Vera Crax. A coaeeaaioa for the building of this lies waa granted ia 1S37. la 1854 a fsw miles of Use eateide of Vera Cms were built. Ia tha eaceeedine rear the lot sectioa of the line out of Mexico City waa soaxpleted, axteading between the capital and Ouadalupa-Bildago. Whan tha builders came to construct ths road, tha gwverameat insisted apoa a literal fulflllmeat of tha eoaditioaa of Jthe con cession. .This called foe ths construction ef tha liae from Mexico city to Vera Crna. The rasa It was that tha railroad company was compelled ta transport tha supply ef rails, bridge material aad other equlpmeat from Vera Crux to Mexico City by mala aad ox team. Whea it ia remembered that tbe Mexiraa piateaa ia aver 7000 feet higher than tha cltr ef Vara Cras, the a aav- burden entailed apes tbe railroad rail-road eompaay by this provisios will anpear. The grounds apoa which the Mexicas government based their insis-teaee insis-teaee waa that if the road should ba built in from Vera Crua instead of oat from Mexico City. H woald give a vast sdvaataga ta aay foreigs power ia ease ef way. Interference is politics Ivy tha railroad rail-road was begua at a very early etage In Mexican railway hi at ory- Whea tac Maximiliaa government waa ia power, the Mexican railway favored ita main tenaore, aad fouad itself ia bad odor with the repnblicaa government which aaeeeeded the reign of Msximiliaa. Bat ia apite of this, tha Maxleoa railway waa fairly treated, aad tha through line ta Vera Crna waa opened ia 1873. Thia line ia operated today by English Interests aad ita eervice la as moders aa that of tha majority of Americas railroads. It also operates. In eentaaettoa with the government owned Vera Crux aad Isthmus and tha Tebuaatepee rostra, a through sleeping car service betweea Mexico City and Kaliaa Crna, tha principal prin-cipal Pacific coast port. Thia eervice affords one of tha 'moat rajnarhsble railway trioa. ia the world. Leaving -Halloa Crux la the Vsarf of the eeml-arid eeml-arid region of southern. Mexico, at -T o'clock in tha evening, by midnight tha traveler finds himself aa tha Mexican piateaa, where keevy spring clothing is comfortable. By dawa ka ia is tha very heart of tha tropica, where raisfaU la abundant and vegetatioa deaaa ba-voad ba-voad descrfntioa. ' At nightfall ba begins be-gins ta climb up from the hot lewlaads, sad be morning ka will tad a heavy with tka Independent tines aa identical terms. Evsry phaaa of tbe nations) railway law applies to the ope ratios of tha national lines aa well aa to the private liaee. Ita avstem rennet be extended without first abtaiaiag- a snBeeasina, Ira building ta arret i meed by government engineers, ' ssd whea tha line ia completed it must measure np ta eertaia etaadarda before it eaa be opeaed ta tha asa ef tha public All iaterstate roads are built oa coa-eeesions coa-eeesions obtained from the federal gov-eraauret, gov-eraauret, aad the state governments have ao jurisdietioa, ever them. The eevernment cannot reduce a rata dur-ig dur-ig tha life of the eoneeosioa, except nnder extraordinary eireamataacea and evea then it must agree ta indemnify tha railroads for aay .loss it may aaa-tain aaa-tain because of tbe reduced rata. Tha day of railway extension la Mexico ia by ao meaaa past. At tha preaeat 1058 miles ara Soder construction. construc-tion. Tha Mexicas Northwest railway is baildiag s link of sixty arilea which will give aa outlet for 2.000,000 acres of white aad yellow pine timber to tha Atlantic seaboard of the United States. The Kaaaaa City, Mexico A Orient railway is completing a gap' from Ben Angelo, Texaa, ta Baa Boa-trenes, Boa-trenes, crossing tha Mexieaa border at Presidio del Norte, -and aaother link from riaackes to Horaeilloa, which will give direct rail eoaaectioa from Kaaaaa Kaa-aaa City, ta tha Mexieaa gulf of California. Cali-fornia. It is also baildiag a liaa from Baa Aagele, Texaa, to tha Bio Grande at Del Bio, ta connect with a sew liaa of tha national railways ia Mexico. This trill give aaother International point of entry between tha two republics repub-lics aad another all rail route betweea Mexiea City aad Kaaaaa City. The Cararigo A Wasters railway Is beiag built le the site of the sew CoBchos river dam, where water will ba impouded ia a lake twenty Ave miles loag, which win furnish electric power for mining camps withia a radian ra-dian ef 100 miles, aad water for tbe irrigation of half s million acres of land. Tha Southern Pacific railway of Mexico ia engaged, ia building aa im-portaat im-portaat Haa ia westers Mexico which will give direct rail eommnsieatioa from Arizona to Guadalajara. There ara a aamoar or otner imponsat projects proj-ects aader coaatraetioa. la additiea ta the mileage saw building there ara 1177 Bailee of line plaaaed for tha aaxt year ar as. Oaa ef tbe moot important of tbeae la a x0-mite line from Tampica to Vera Crna, which will opea ap tha exteasive aew oil Aelda along tbe gulf coast. A eoBceesioa baa been granted for tha building of a liaa from Santa Lncratia, the ju acta oa pot at of tha Vera Cras A Isthmaa and the Tebuaatepee railways, ta Temneehe ia tka Yucataa peainaula, a distance of 450 miles. Thia road, wbea completed will give the Mexieaa government ita first rail eoaaeetioa with the Yucataa peninsula, and prom-ices prom-ices ta ba aae of the most imnostant steps aadertakea ia years ia tha railway rail-way development of tha country. Tha earnings of the railroads last year aa compared with the previous year shewed aa increase of It per eeat, aad tbe freight earnings aa iaereaoe of IS per eeaL During the Irst two meat ha of tha present calendar year the earning of tha aatioaal Jines were greater by a safe margia thaa those of the same period ef 1910. It is the confident prediction of those acouaint-ed acouaint-ed with present eoaditioaa ia the republic re-public that tha aext tea years will see S growth af railway mileage that has never beet aqaaled outside of the Uaitad 8tatea. All Haea that ara aaw being built ara af enhetaatial construction construc-tion and promise ta yield a satisfactory raters to tka stockholders. see Tuavsiiuw MrXTOO. TO. Ooremmectt Owned sllroada. winter suit aeeessary for comfort. Dsr ing thia trip, comparable to eaa from New York to Bt. Loaia ia duratioa, the travaler eaeonatere almost every sort of weather the-world haa ta after. There ara approximately (fty different dif-ferent steam railways ia tha republic, haviaga total of aoma 18.000 miles of line. There is almoet a mile of railroad to each .fifty square miles of lead, and a thonaaad people to each mil af railway rail-way liaa Tha bulk of tha railway mileage ef Mexiea kaa baea built aader Ameriraa auspices and by Americas capital. A prominent railroad ssaa ia Msxico furnished a statement ia which he estimated that 6s per eeat af tha mileage ef Mexieaa railroads haa been bailt under Ameriraa direction. He figures that approximately 10,000 Billee owes its existeace ta American enterprise. enter-prise. It is also estimated tbst to per rest of the railway lines were built by Knaliah aad ether foreign interests, whils 14 per eeat comes aader tha bead af Mexieaa development. The total is vest meat in railway property ia Mexico Mex-ico is estimated at shout half s billion dollars, 1'aited Htatee carreacy. Approximately Ap-proximately SO per cent of the railroads of the republic ara controlled by the Mexicsa government, through the" awa-ership awa-ership of a ms.iofitv ef the stork of the nstioaal lines of Mexico. The remainder re-mainder ia atill held Jby private corporations cor-porations The railway law of Mexiea haa been ia force for aoma alevea years, and applies ta the poverameet owned liaee as well aa to tha liaee owned by private pri-vate interests. . No railway law ia the world is said to dictate the conduct ef railway ao much in minutia as the Mexieaa law. Every railway eoaeea. aioa contains the maximum freight' aad passenger' rates that may ba charged, la conjunct! oa with the railway law it ie nrovifled that eves the ehaagine off |