| Show 1 w F S i J g 9 n ad adf adr f r o ou 3 r r u r Y Yr Yr r r 11 r rW A y yr J a S I 4 r 1 1 h. h y S A Aj j I t N as b bi 4 g t l i e J Jet f Science May a Yet et Devise I r Y s l fir fira a Way a to Interpret the ie Signals r Jf J That Savants Say a Every Mind in Broadcasts roa cast i l J J f 7 4 sn ri l in Which No Thought Thought- 1 Thus s Projecting a World r in o r J f Processes Wll a Be e HIdden an and No- No o Secrets Sate r u y i i KV 2 a y hf J J fr Pt b a. a a 1 1 F h 1 i fan 1 4 i r i y fM w.- w. t 7 u Z z o 1 Nt r y f q qt of receIvers Id i fr a M t Y r 1 t 4 W. W V 1 ay h uh r gIve transmItted f it I t more th n u. u Jt i io if o k Ji I f pronounced wom n tr Rignal than sluggish ones y t p f a S f. f By Rob Robert rt ern t t fit A WORLD in which there would be I 6 no need of spoken words between I j man and man in which the thought thought- f 1 processes of animals might be communicated communicated com com- to their human masters in which no crime could go undetected no secret be retained no bluff remain unc un- un such called c has been imagined for the future as a result of recent announcements announcements announce announce- ments from abroad cr The announcements tell how an ant Italian psychiatrist Prof Fernando 1 t Cazzamalli has developed a delicate apparatus capable of tuning in on certain radiations which some scientists a assert sert are thrown off by the human mind d J l. l I un t t. t h i u s sa n 1 dis- dis an n i a. a LOU is II y patches he has heard different types of signals broadcast by different persons Although thus far he has been unable to interpret from the signals the he has found varying thought processes that energetic minds give a more pronounced pronounced pro pro- signal than sluggish ones Iones that the signals of subjects who suffer from hallucinations or other mental activity may be distinctly heard while those of weak minds cause little or no reaction id hi the receiving set Thus roughly has b n summarized the scope of Prof Cazzamalli's findings r which were described in a series of lee lee- lures atthe University of Milan Italy In several ways the ideas he expresses i f are no longer novel but his high stand stand- L ing and the evidence he presents have caused them to he be received with interest w by the Western scientific world The emanation o of radiations from the human mind for example had been discussed discussed dis- dis cussed years before by such noted scientists t. t 1 as the late Sir William Crookes and Sir Oliver Lodge Lodge-as Lodge as a explanation explanation ex- ex of mental telepathy Then a h Russian scientists associated y year year ago l h those radiations with radio waves an and announced reception of them much f- f along along the lines which cables describe following Prof Cazzamalli as s e THE HE Russians led by Prof Vladimir of the Leningrad Academy Academy Acad- Acad emy of Sciences had no hesitation in inin a n in g that their studies of the u magnetic electro waves thrown off by aU all sentient beings might lead to the transmission transmission trans trans- mission of human thought without speech Dr Ivan Cha a noted physician clan cian of Moscow who took part in Prof experiments asserts that in of the cases tried thought 1 70 c c. ot transmission was successful and added of transmitted trans trans- that men ar are better receivers witted thoughts than women The more accomplished a man is the better he transmits said Dr Chak Chak- In November of 1925 Prof of the Leningrad Technical Electro Institute Institute In- In also announced the invention of an apparatus for catching and recording magnetic electro waves from the human body He said his device would make it f possible for scientists to ascertain every electric characteristics I individuals individual's these experiments were I Altho Although gh recognized as little more than a groping toward what might some day prove a aj j t 4 great scientific discovery their announcement announcement announce announce- ment aroused wide interest and lation By many scholars among them men who rank high in science the theory of mental telepathy has been found quite acceptable Only recently did Thomaa Thoma A. A Watson of f Boston associate of Alexander Alexander Alex Alex- ander Graham Bell in the manufacture of the first telephone instrument announce announce an- an an- an that he saw nothing inconsistent future wherein men in visualizing a might thus communicate When that little acorn the telephone no one believed believed be- be sprouted half a century ago that it would grow into the great r t tree of the system that now s spreads reads ts its he said sald branches all over oyer the country Nor Nor can any anyone one predict its its future There is no limit to what science may be achieved by concentration concentration con con- achieve Much can mind of man coordinated coordinated co- co and the inventions with mechanical communication may yet lead to a spiritual tion such as mental telepathy IR WILLIAM CROOKES inventor of S SIR the radiometer father of modern work on the construction of the atom and discoverer of a new element apparently apparently ap- ap had little doubt that thoughts and images may be transferred from one mind to another without the agency of the recognized organs of sense that knowledge might enter the human mind without communicated in any hitherto or recognized ways If telepAthy takes place he once told scientists we have two physical the facts physical change in the brain of A the sug-gester sug and the analogous physical change in the brain of B the recipient of the suggestion Between these two physical events there must exist a train of physical causes Such a sequence can only occur through an intervening intervening in- in medium AU All the phenomena of the universe are presumably in some someway someway way continuous and it is unscientific to call in the aid of mysterious agencies when with every fresh advance in knowledge knowledge knowl- knowl edge it is shown that ether vibrations have powers and attributes abundantly equal to any demand even to the transmission trans trans- mi mission inn of nr thoughts It it-i it is supposed pp by some physiologists that the essential cells of nerves do not actually touch but are separated by a narrow gap which widens in sleep while it narrows almost to extinctIon during mental activity This condition is so singularly like that of a or Lodge as to suggest a further analogy The structure of brain and nerves being similar it is conceivable there may be present masses of such nerve in the brain whose special function function tion it may be to receive impulses brought from without through gh the connecting connecting con con- sequence of ether waves of appropriate appropriate ap- ap order of magnitude It is known that the action of thought is accompanied accompanied ac- ac companied by certain molecular movements movements move move- ments in the brain and here we have ph physical vibrations capable from their extreme minuteness of acting direct on individual molecules while their r rapidity approaches that of the internal and external external ex- ex movements of the atoms them them- selves S. S F. r 1 L In the brain of a rent scholar f 1 a N t the me very deep and crooked and hundreds of f creases appear which are not found at all in the brains of S j jr r t. t r q tt f. f ordinary Fiskes Fiske's DesSir Des Sir Oliver Lodge a student of th the tiny of Man psychic as as well as as' as of s science has also seen unlimited possibilities in the he electrons which are thrown off by the The emanations of radio waves eye with considerable violence What all merely a atoms after recently asserted is receiving instrument for detecting radio the nerves feel eel is the shock of ejected waves of extremely short wave length length- electrons which strike them with a athe athe the first wireless receiving instrument speed of some thousand miles a second the of vision which used by man and most animals This is theory What is it that stimulates the nerves is in process of being born Light as of the eye he asked I believe it is it were pulls the trigger that stimulates i 4 Y I It t i r f r yr k 4 S 5 I t J r 6 f twit d f. f f Y r r rY pF r y r. r y l ll l r h r j 4 r 3 I t jr-t S 'S ry 0 M Mr Ml l r Demonstrations of reading mind on the stage which are sometimes explained by telepathy never fail to fascinate and thrill an audience t r atoms which emit electrons It is a problem which must be worked out by physicists and physiologists Plants he continued also have wireless wireless wire wire- less receiving instruments but the result result re- re sult is not vision it is chemical action Growth of vegetation is I believe a photo electric phenomenon a view which is strengthened by the discovery that plants are stimulated by the discharge of electricity in their neighborhood said Sir Oliver P pOSSIBLY the most interesting use of radio in telepathy experiments was made a ye year r or two ago in this country when a group of scientists sought to determine determine de- de termine whether reading mind might be accomplished if the subject stood before before be- be fore a microphone and the persons awaiting awaiting await await- ing the message remained at the receiving receiving ing instrument The experiments experiments' were conducted under the direction of Prof Gardner Murphy of Columbia University University sity Robert E E. Gault of Northwestern University and H. H B. B English of Antioch College After the necessary preparations had been made radio listeners listeners lis- lis were asked to try to receive the impressions rent fent by a group of one forty persons five twenty in Chicago twelve in New York and four in Boston The experiment explained Dr Murphy Murphy Mur- Mur phy W was s simply an inquiry into the possibilities of telepathy by one special method The use of radio was new so far as I am aware but the idea of a group of persons trying to send thoughts to other persons had been in use for at least forty years Listeners on the radio were told what general class of object was being thought of by the group of senders and were asked to try t receive the specific thing Dr Murphy described his experiments as follows The materials for the first five experiments experiments ex- ex were chosen by a machine working on the general plan of a roulette wheel which determined in each which of a prepared group of objects was to be used Theoretically the chance that thata a given number would get a given test rightly is one divided by the number of objects present in the original list for example in the list of numbers one chance in a thousand In practice however however how how- ever some numbers are more commonly thought of than others For example is much more commonly thought of than etc and this distorts all the figures and makes an accurate count impossible This applies much more to some of the later tests wh where re the preference for certain objects over others was enormous If the machine happened to choose what might be called a preferred object We should get results much better than the theoretical chance figures without any reference to any telepathic factor and andin andin in the same way if the machine chose an object which was distinctly non non- preferred the number correct would be beless beless less than the theoretical chance figure Nevertheless taking the first five tests as a whole the statistical figures shoW considerable value The liThe first test was the number No one out of 2010 persons got this right There were a very large number or of sixes received in various connections and six seems to be a preferred number but the fact that no one got the whole number correct would discredit any telepathic telepathic tele- tele interpretation The second test was an animal with 4 f. f a l letter over his head head-a walrus with the letter S. S Two persons got th the val wal valrus rus and nineteen the letter S. S In both cases we seem to be dealing with non non- the results are t preferred objects as below the theoretical chance figure The third test was a horizontal line intersected by a colored line drawn at ata j a certain angle About persons got the yellow color which is rather below the figure which which one of the colors in the rainbow would get on a purely chance basis Red as was expected was preferred preferred pre pre- enormously above the other colors and this accounts for the poor showing of all others including the one sent The angle was three seventy degrees anything between seventy and seventy seventy- five being considered correct The laborious task of measuring the angles has not yet been carried out but from present indications the successful number number num- num ber does not seem more than what coincidence coincidence co- co incidence would be likely to produce In the fourth test the listeners were asked to try to get the impression of the taste of of ofa a a certain food The food which we were eating was boiled beets Not a single person named beets as the food thought of The fifth was the pain caused by pinching the palm of the left hand just below the little finger Three individuals got the location right and two nearly right The mapping of six seventy arbitrarily arbitrarily arbi- arbi chosen areas on hands and arms and allowance for the fa fart t that hand areas proved to be preferred to arm areas have given facts and figures which point to the conclusion that we are again dealing simply with the kind of results that chance would produce In Ii experiments experiments' six and seven seven-emo- situations situations-no statistical measure was attempted Experiment six was the tho picture of a drowning man and the attendant attendant at- at emotions particularly fear and desperation Ten persons got this substantially substantially sub sub- correct In the seventh experiment ment a fireman rescuing a child from a burning building three were correct as asto asto to the fire and rescue nine gave partially correct accounts The results of these two experiments with emotional situations situations situ situ- cannot be put in statistical form but the number of correct cases is not large enough to attract any particular attention IN N SUMMARIZING Dr Murphy said So far as any conclusion c can n be reached about the results compiled to date the conclusion would be b that coincidence dence is responsible for the results ob- ob Of course results from a single method on a single occasion cannot be supposed to have any sweeping cance In view of the mass of material however and the negative nature of the results it would certainly seem that telepathy is not the everyday commonplace common common- place that it is supposed to be To this extent therefore radio as a means of communicating ting thought appears ap ap- pears to have failed a Steadily unflinchingly once wrote Sir William Crookes we strive to pierce the inmost heart of from Nature what she is to reconstruct what she has been and to prophesy what she yet shall be Veil after veil we have lifted and het hei face grows more beautiful august and wonderful with every barrier that is withdrawn Copyright v br Public Ledoer |
