Show L I J i A r I 1 Fuel F d an P werI I rj t. t R T r tea Dr D' D dh Charles rl sP P. P Steinmetz t i The 1 1 i 1 JIU Y r II 1 r Bi Iy A W Wizard d A 1 r OJ of Schenectady f Says J r 1 r tf V tr 1 I i 1 hir f J 1 1 f I dt f. f h. h t tJ the Botanists Eventually Will ot 11 I t. t t 1 I i w I J. i i Solve the E I Coal Problem r With i iJ Y I 4 OP III t L r 11 ll t H 11 i 1 t 1 I f l 1 J tl t l u I 1 j f Jt i I aall u I. I rt I i 7 J t r I. I 1 I i I 1 4 r. r V i I r V I. I I 1 Plants That Store e the th t l i. I I it t ilL d r i T j a 1 r I a f It a fj 1 J I j I Ir p v I i J 1 r to I Wasted Energy of Solar Rays r 1 rt I f 1 t II i l LN it L. L JJ 1 I I Jl j ir 1 J MCI rl j f l. l S Jj J. 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A Q II r l tr t II f cO 1 r 7 t 1 Ii I wI f M f I 11 1 10 r l I f tl r I l itt I V iJ tI k J ff t. t 7 F ll I ti t ir ii I 1 r 11 t. t 11 A Wl i II I r. r J J J. J r f i t I J fI t ft J rJ J 1 fJ X i- i J P t M 10 r f l lr J I 11 1 Ii j 1 lL H V t tt t h M 7 t J. J t jI j I I f f w T I. I II f i l 4 jl lj y JJ J ri J JI l' l 11 tt J 1 J A r 9 6 f Ii 1 h I 13 t rr I J h i J I 1 I i lf j I ti Ir r O r- r l I tl f l f r r I L f I t l I iJ f r l I r 4 ft 1 1 IL X J W l r Joo t 1 Fr F- F 1 1 4 r 10 1 I i 1 t ll rj 1 I J 1 J i r wo T. r It Hili- Hili JU i E p i I I. I I r f 4 J i lU h ERI Y SOME COKE day soon oon we may heat ot ol our houses run ind individual vid al electric light plants cook cur food recharge our automo automobile bile batteries energize e o our r radio sets and operate our air taxis right out of back yard gardens Flowers or p plan O growing in our conservatories z or our two-by-four two four by-four cabb cabbage e patches may supply the power owes and render the coalman unnecessary ary Such a famed Scientist as Charles P P. P Steinmetz tells us the heat and power of or the sun are toi tol tol I in energy energy crops crops that tha can be garnered as as one ons now harvests the golden gr grain of in autumn He says the future of the world lies in the hands of the botanists and that f are the hope hoP op of the future Th is IS an 21 ts t's fanciful conception of an n energy h harvest of tomorrow c f I 1 n O E o cf of f these days according to the theof CI of Charles horles a P P. P Sip Sip-in- to industry will nil ill turn from the hc coo C 31 i mUI to fo the farmer f for r the A 0 ultimate ultima e source of cf its en energy t rh The coal oal ft mine of of the present I 11 hns already turned science in inthe the i 11 n of u w sour sources es of energy s supply ppl The Tilt energy of sunlight rather i ct than the rr rg of st m. m or even of Cal running runn l water C will be bl the life motif 8 da 1 of 01 future uh civilizations I e Thir fhi much h has s long b been acknowledged edged by hy scientists soma somo of whom da rs a rt that such mch s systems are in m vogue last 0 cud u V Venus But what hat has Ims o a sunlight ht energy n r r to do lO with the ile T farmr a roar f e dust hist hi t this thi says a s 's Dr Ur Ste The ThC crery n l' l must b sonar somehow hot secured d. d d that is is kept until it i is needed to haule haul baul e 9 tr trains to heat houses honors to blast t rocks a to mo move more ships hi 8 and to i ie i provide the thea e a e people p of the th t earth rth wi with h a u thousand now not unimaginable conveniences Ta r s 1 Dr Jr Ste now b believes be hl e to le s. s can em b b. best collected an and stor stored d Mr b by b. th the th thi i Ii cultivation t an of SO some new and aud e ee e fast ast gio gracing species of pU These F 1 he sure tad d. d ui might be cak energy am crops yr at It i i o h he continue for for l eDg engineers of the Perhaps 1 some tall grasses brasses rt like coral be made mad to grow crow e to ar tit cr rr IJ speed than toaI anything now extant t J t This l t y grey n would wo H rt an 1 ee apr appi r hk f pert rt of th the energy of ot the thet t 4 p K h w lh could then thell be l as 33 se the c supply of the future The formers former r then raise energy n y crops in ill their f fed I 1 ITh olun All An r pl M of course lourse collect t the be thein meet r hi h hi in an au E extremely ins in in- s Yet P c efficient Hh ahin i l. l Now o even 1 the he 0 rast fastest st g growing owin o r plant does not net collect even ven cne thousandth th of the energy of of bt the sun salt Let us imagine the problem of p plant ant Hn indi j jj precocity however howe to ha have e been een j h solved oh-ed Other problems at once once arise j f Duny Dun star 3 to stagger the Imagination What S Story ah for or example v would Ul b be the Hicks en environment i of say r a thou thousand aern a acres es e lla ern la pt nt wit these Y 1 e r y crops crops' i g t e. e 1 it affect the I tt l t C A. A I 1 iI S' S P r I safety of till farmers detailed to cultivate them 1 Could an nu individual representing the present stage of evolution evolution evo- evo N evo-N lution survive survive- daily work iu in such an an environment 7 Cou Could cr crops ps charged so with energy be e touched or 01 approached d as as carelessly as with c cabbages b 1 Or Orwill Orwill will they inspire such suell c caution ution as a a al l naked wire wre in ill the present age Obe 1 The fhe answers to most of these those questions ques ques- tiou are re well ell distant as distant as to how distant i stant there is disagreement among th the scientific Buti of of- seers But regardless what future rapprochement nt of coal operators an and co coal l miners millers may 4 be achieved the coal supply of r thc world the orld is is scientifically speaking nearing its We Ve are are ure nearing the fringes of a anew anew new geological H era when what hat we e knew now as DoS coal doal will brill become a at relatively t i ti rare lure fossil the carbonic add acid generated hy m our industrial civilization civilization ad advanced tg Jogi assure as as- sure nr lU us us-is us US-iS US is making I th the earth arth too r. r verai erm lm for the the creation of fresh coal its Accor According ing to conservative I predictions all lIn the co cowl coal in ill England will been exhausted te within two centuries Some tome SOD years Ears later latr the thelast thelast I last t ton tol will have been removed vi d from the German mines In the United l States lates and Canada at the present rate of of consumption ion t the h Boat eoal o L SH supplies sup sup- ppE p- p pE plies s will not last n more inure ol than 2000 years V Worse Olse It appears appears' that the world supply of pet oli bpi i h jiho is ilo l o dwindling The fhe s sue gg lat lat- mineral al oils may b be used instead of fuel remarked An August mt A th Swedish discoverer of U Arrhenius Arrhenius' Law La reminds one of Marie Antoinette's Antoinette's An An- toinette's saying Let them eat elt cake Steinmetz Ste and Arr Arrhenius 1 lius arc are agreed that water power offers but small contribution to the solution of the problem m. When all the water power of of the r United Slates States is at work work declares Steinmetz when every smallest ca cataract and rapids has bee been yoked as BS well well well-as as the mightiest waterfalls waterfalls water- water falls faUs the ener t thus produced will only equal the v p r noW nov secured from rom the the tons tons of coal A aiona 1 v.- v. f. f o h United r l States It vill will never er f furnish enough gh power ewer both for present needs and future exp expulsion r rIf t If every waterfall in the United States were put to io to full tull use saId Arrhenius in answer to q put to hIm recently by bythe bythe the Ule of Ph Philadelphia ladelphIa there would be but butone but one horsepower of water available for each Inhabitant The well Wll situated waterfalls he continued continued continued con con- are arc already developed particularly particular y r J i in Europe As for tidal waves I do not see li how enough money could be raised for forthe forthe or ortho the tho experiment Nor do I see any promise in n natural natural gas As for peat though it it will r for some time an Important fuel I r donot do not believe that it c can n be considered iri in arty any broad solution of or the pr problem blem Rather than the energy crops of Steinmetz Stein metz Arrhenius puts his faith in a sort of solar ohr engine The solar engine he said is destined t afir r s f a aE E t 1 r e w I u y i I L d u 01 a v J f f pie r tl li J f to The eccentric philosopher of S S. S S is one of those rare prophets who who walks alks and breathes in the present but who really lives in the distant future into which he projects himself by the magic of an imagination which forever carries him hn out of the present Steinmetz as he e puffs his ubiquitous stogie wrestles with problems on whose e solution rests the welfare of the race f J t to play an important part in the opening up for cultivation of great great arid districts in tropical countries Great deserts such as the Sahara the Arabian desert the Syrian desert and the deserts of Mesopotamia have been In historical times the seats of flourishing culture but are are arenow now homes of wandering tribes The dec decay y of these re regions regions regions re- re gions resulted from the destruction of of their Irrigation systems which tha the present wandering population is unable to restore I think that the solar engine will be able tp reestablish the old agriculture and horticulture of these districts We Ve may I think count upon swift improvements s In the solar engine and regard it as the hope of the industry of the future For it Is n not t only in the deserts where the sun sun shines in great strength during nearly all times s of the year but Inthe in inthe inthe the expensive provinces provinces' of Spain Greece and North America that the solar engine could be put to wor work Of course in the then j regions of the world where the sun is covered for most most of the year s such ch as inthe Inthe in inthe the Congo the he delta of the Amazon or at atthe the poles the solar engines will wUl be of little use Until one or P possibly b both th of these potential solutions offered Arrhenius' Arrhenius solar engine or Dr Steinmetz's energy crops are arrived at the history o of the next few generations is likely ely to be a scramble among the nations for the remaining coal beds of or the world History most modern interpreters are agreed follows Invariably an economic trend The Th Polish-German Polish fight for Silesia and the German Franco struggle for the Ruhr involve values hard hardly y different fund fundamentally mentally from the battles of desert Bedouins for a few acres of pasture From now on it is is' is inevitable that coal will be bo at least to some extent r rationed The timer time may not be greatly ahead when it will be altogether denied to the ordinary householder for purposes of the furnace Both directly and indirectly however however how how- ever ever he will continue of course as one of the great consumers of coal What hev he wears v ears and what he eats are even now as vitally dependent upon the coal supply as as the work which earns him money for food and c clothes Among Inventors inventors throughout the the next century there will be a continued effort to squeeze more inore actual energy from a a a. given quantity of co coal l. l The reduced thermal quality of artificial gas gas with the innumerable innumerable able able devie devices s for cajoling this diluted product to complete efficiency are illustrative of this trend trend But p a a. more striking illustration is furnished by bV the the Ljungstrom I Y t f r r I 6 tL i I t f t. t I r t I iII i II T Everyone knows that the tAe t e voracious I a w of the railroads offer one oneo f biggest single factors In the coal oal pro prat The hitherto standard standard high pressure motive with what is called a engine consumes from three and a aS aSfour a four pounds of coal in the a single horsepower i jl The Swedish inventor Ljungstrom proceeded to attack the conventi conventional conventional nal I J motive in virtually every part part to to one the economy of of coal In the bol boito e er fire tubes have been shortened t the p sr er box has been enlarged and divided divider t 1 vertical The locomotive I f fr carries merely the bunkers and th the j b Just described The engine Itself i Is' Is ca 81 In what Is common commonly y known as the theAs tr ter terAs As an ordinary locomotive depends depe depend furnace draft upon the rush of e exl steam through the smokestack JH n Ljungstrom engine there is a fan I dr by a steam steam turbine placed Just in f of the smokestack which serves to I Ithe Pro the required draft The hot air Is sent from the he hethro through gh an an iron conduit Below the he grates It enters a closed an ary I draft is reduced by opening the theat sh u at the front end of the heater men shutters are opened the fire doh dO door automatically closed Uj the course are removing possibility of back draft The front ron end of the tender ca car carmain carrle main turbine with the axis travels traverse v t train of double reaction helical gea the main turbine with the cranks ks The condenser must h handle som cral 2 pounds of steam per hour Because o 0 location the usual sual system of water co j has been Ignored d and Ljungstrom ha has hajj rowed radically from automobile p Pg Air cooling is made possible through gh radiator top of the tender The two sides of the condense condenser pierced with vertical louvers and nd i i 1 draw into the condenser a cO y ply of cold air 3 The lower condenser is usually hal a f of water This ii I is the reservoir h pumped in n 0 water is which the feed boiler Tests by the inventor and Sweeny I way officials hove have convinced l the e c that Ljungstrom has made the g gt development in the locomotive for a aj decades for decades for this engine requites requires jf half the fuel needed for the high p PL Pit and ano engine under an any circumstances speed Nevertheless It is in the sc SC 1 aspect merely a compromise lei Vi Viany any coal the Ljung Ljungstrom engine woj woul as impotent as any other What is n nis th Isil is a a. locomotive that will heat for its steam from nothing but ut t t. t shin i th ti t n 1 I 1 |