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Show I I THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM. UTAH ' ion More Women Needed for War Plants; ; e That Number Ready, Says Census Survey able training before entering, and many have had some technical edu-cation in high school or college. There are comparatively few air-plane factories, and most of these are located near big cities, as Los Angeles, Detroit, and Chicago. Be-cause it is such an attractive field, women have gone into it eagerly, and there is not so much demand for new workers here perhaps, as in )t X ' ' aT !4iN1 all these 14 million women were not strictly war workers, but most of them were doing things that were necessary, such as clerking in bak-eries, or running elevators, or op-erating laundry machinery. It must be remembered that the civilian economy must be kept running, and that making cartridges and parts are not the only vital services in wartime. But,It is the women in heavy who have come forward to fill the breech, somewhat to the Joy-ous surprise of everyone. A sample list of the work women are doing is given by Laura Nelson Baker in "Wanted: Women in Industry." She says women are "Sewing uniforms and barrage balloons, assembling radio tubes, drafting, wiring assem-blies for bombers, inspecting, mak-ing gas masks, riveting, welding, operating gear cutters, lathes, grind-ers, drill presses and saws. These are but a few of the well-pai- d jobs that women are taking over from men. Often they show men up by their efficiency." Many times women have found better ways to do the operations men have been doing for years. There have been many improvements in working conditions put in for the benefit of women that will no doubt remain when men return to the fac-tories. Some of the changes intro-duced are, according to Mrs. Baker: "Safety devices, opportunities to change posture and position, ma-chines at the right working height, and other provisions against fatigue are now in general practice. Steel jigs too heavy for women to lift were replaced with masonite Jigs weigh-ing less than one-tent- h as much. En-gineers put a new lever on a spin-ning lathe so it could be operated with 70 per cent less exertion than before." So women are able to do things that used to require strength and en-durance, by having a few changes In the huge ammunition plants that have made the United States the "arsenal of democracy" women can be found in many capacities. This lady war worker is tapering shell cases for anti-tan- k guns at the Frankford arsenal in Philadelphia. some of the less glamorous indus-tries. One of the latter is the chemical Industry. Here the work is not so arduous as in the manufacture of ships or planes or tanks, but it is just as vital to the success of the war. The wage rate is not so high as in the metal working crafts and similar lines, but it is still very in-teresting. PVipminnl timrlrora crpnprnllv nppd . Usee Men i Is and Forges Armies t 2orrpINE Kmion more . Ebe recruited for 1 h efore the end of & Ls the war man-Qssio- n. This is as leered industry in 'lve months be- -l frch, 1942, and 0i In that period ten took over ' U of all sorts, as I asportation and ationS tasks that it considered exclu-l- ! f$ fields. r will million women : along with 800,000 Sdicapped workers employed if now fi J is not to lag in the . of the great conflict, nation has M sWarn. The ence that women will J d to man the machines, to census bureau sur-f- c, are about four million II liable and willing to 4 these potential work-- " registered in a u been iej There are no doubt andi ready to help if i tey were needed. 3 m to be able to do ali-i r that men can. Skep--p ,'d to admit, time after - py were wrong. For women have been em-j- ht factory work, like dipping choc-ia- f i, packing, vegetables, and so oever expected to see jndhouses, wiping loco-iveli-sand, or operat-es and lathes in ship-doin- g welding? Well, doing all these things, them well. They have to use unfamiliar tools, iji of thinking and act-- f have done it in a hurry, e heavy industries that i of women is most star-re- s show that during a leriod employment of munitions increased 69 per cent in steel mak-ce- nt in electrical manu- - 2 per cent in chemicals, In shipbuilding, 184 per :raft factories! ;e increases were not in illy called light. While jeen plenty of need for he clerical and light tact-ile real openings have the heavy mechanical stands to reason that metal construction mul-Ftim-by war demands, s of men going to war, be a great lack of tech-ne- d employees. Women j he answer in Europe and been the answer here, cheerfully gone to train-obeye- d rigid shop disci-- j :d long hours at hard and J ied tasks, and earned from hard-bitte- n execu-- I I spite worry about "ab-i- n some quarters, worn-)- t been away from their essarily, in most cases, s Than 15 Million. of March, there were women gainfully em-wdi-to Chairman Mc- - War Manpower com-- ! these 14,100,000 were in Itural work, so about a t on farms. Of course, ......... ..W......M e - -j some training before starting in the plant, but high school chemistry is often sufficient background for one of the advanced positions. There is opportunity for after-wa- r careers in this field, probably more than in most other lines. Safety Pins Necessary, Too. While manufacturing of planes, guns, tanks, and other weapons and equipment used directly in combat Is holding the spotlight, there are thousands of other articles most im-portant to the army and navy that are made by companies, turning out their regular peacetime products. Army quartermaster corps officers say that they buy at least 18,000 articles in the open market, that is, the same goods that are made for civilian use. Women are need-ed to make all these things, both for servicemen and for civilians, who must live during wartime too. Those women who are employed on farms are doing a most neces-sary job, of course. They should not be tempted to leave their food production to go to a factory. Food is a "munition," and is so recog-nized in military circles. With all this change in the tradi-tional role of women, however, so-cial minded thinkers are pointing out alarming possible after-effec- ts when the war ends. They ask whether women who have been earning high wages and have achieved a large measure of inde-pendence are going to be content to return to their homes and live on the comparatively lower standard that their husbands' income will provide? Or whether there will not be more friction than ever be-tween married people, as wives who formerly worked at high rates be-come dissatisfied with the frequent-ly drab task of maintaining a home and caring for children? Sociolo-gists, clergymen, jurists and others interested in social welfare are per-turbed about what may happen. There is also grave concern voiced about the effects of the times on children of war workers. Mothers who are away from their children for long hours are not able to give them that care and affection that no agency can supply. Many chil-dren do not get even the inade-quate supervision of playground di-rectors, kindergartens or nurseries. The results of haphazard parental direction in formative years may be a serious matter, a few years hence. But this is war, and war is always profoundly disturbing to the social fabric. More optimistic commenta-tors believe that America can re-cover from these shocks and come out of the war with conspicuous gains. Having millions of women who can do skilled work is hardly a thing for any nation to deplore. New products will mean a higher standard of hving and thereby bet-ter health and educational opportu-nities for all. Women with technical educations are needed in research. Catherine Ferguson, a graduate of Northwest-ern university, where she majored in metallurgy, is assisting in the hunt for new alloys to replace stra-tegic metals such as nickel and aluminum. She is shown beside a furnace in the laboratories of the General Electric company at Schenectady, N. Y., reading an elec-tric pyrometer, or high temperature thermometer. made. In fact, strength is becom-ing less and less important as ma-chines take over the duties of mus-cles. Overhead cranes carry cast-ings and other parts around from lathe to lathe, and shop trucks haul materials and tools about the huge plants. In really big factories, par-ticularly in the aircraft industry, the workers ride about in busses. Even with all these aids, war work is no "featherbed." In the ship-building yards, for instance, women do strenuous, dirty work, wearing cumberous costumes for long hours. Forty-eight-ho- ur weeks are com-mon, and overtime is the rule some places that have been launching ships at unbelievable rates. Get Same Pay As Men. Women shipyard workers are paid the same scale as men for the same kind of work. The scale is quite attractive, too, but the work, as said before, is hard, and somewhat dangerous. Every shipyard main-tains a plant hospital with doctors and nurses in constant attendance. Workers are urged to report every accident, no matter how trivial. In the aircraft industry, too, many thousands of women are helping to turn out the 7,000 planes a month that are needed to smash the Axis. Airplane manufacturing requires people, able to work to fine toler-ances, to be amazingly accurate, and yet speedy. In the modern plane there are hundreds of operations necessary, and women are working at most of them. Except for a few highly technical jobs, where wom-en have not yet been able to get in the years of experience necessary, they are doing everything from drafting to At the pres-ent pace, women will be able to make complete airplanes without any help from men! This is a highly paid field, with much overtime work. Most women engaged in it have taken consider- - Winifred Tennilll's hus-"le- d, she took his place ne In a war plant In hown pressing a of the Prts made in the mrC THEY WERE IT" WHITE y 'Jf30Ulii, W.N.U.FEATURES THE STORY SO FAR: The story ol their part In the battle lor tht Philip-pine! li being told by lour ol th five naval officers who are aU that It left of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron J. They are Lieut. John Bulkeley (now lieuten-ant Commander), squadron commander; Lieut R. B. Kelly, and Ensigns Anthony Akers and George E. Coi it. Manila has faUen, and our naval bait at Cavlte Is ion. Lieut. Kelly ha i been In a hospital on Correct-dor- , but has finally periuaded the doctor to release htm. Be has fone out on patrol. They have broken up a Jap landing party and have now come alongside a landing barge which has surrendered after a heavy barrage. later High Commissioner Sayre left on a submarine. It seemed like a good many prominent people were leaving Corregldor. And the army had been pushed back to what we knew were its last and strongest defense positions on Bataan. None of it looked too good. "Of our original six boats, two had already been lost, DeLong's over Subic Bay, and the 33 boat while I was in the hospital she'd been going full speed ahead investi-gating what looked at night like the feather of a Japanese submarine's periscope, only It turned out to be a wave breaking over a little sub-merged Bnd uncharted coral reef." "We came close to losing the 32 boat about that time," said Bulke-ley. "DeLong and I were riding her the night of February 8, patrolling up the west coast of Bataan as usu-al. A little before nine o'clock we saw gun blasts on up ahead of us in the neighborhood of Bagac Bay, so we put on what speed we could to find out who was shooting at what Incidentally, the speed wasn't much. Because the 32 boat had had an ex-plosion while they were cleaning that saboteur's wax out of her strainers and tanks, so that now she was held together with braces and wires, and running on only two engines. But pretty soon we sighted a ship dead-ahea- d about three miles away. I was maneuvering to put her in the path of the moonlight on the water so I could make out what she was. But now she seemed to put on speed, headlne ud in the direction of Subic Still later the planes reported the Japs were breaking her up tor scrap. But we brought the 32 boat back safe to the base at Sisiman Cove. Our headquarters there was a reformed goat slaughterhouse about one hundred feet long and thirty feet wide, with a concrete floor. We'd scrubbed it out with cre-osote. It still smelled some, but was habitable. We'd also acquired a te-nderan old harbor tug called the Trabajador and put her in charge of DeLong, who'd lost his ship." "Then we all sat around envying him," said Kelly, "because here he was, living like an admiral a cab-in, a wardroom, a real galley (not Just a hot plate, which was all we had on the MTB's), and even a mess boy who could bake pie. It was big-shi- p life, and Bulkeley and I used to find some excuse to go ev-ery night and eat his dessert and drink coffee. DeLong liked it so much he later decided to stay on Bataan rather than leave with the rest of us. "Our plan for making a run for China when our gas was almost gone still stood, and Bulkeley had got hold of some landing-forc- e gear which we knew might be useful on the Chinese coast if we missed con-nections with our Chungking friends and had to fight our way through the Japs. So we began drilling our men in landing-forc- e procedure. "This got them very curious. They knew our gas was running out, and we had almost no more torpedoes except the ones which were in the hnnl Rn wa tnlrl them we) were ill PA'C-- ! I. j I ra V thinking of going south to Join the Moros if Bataan fell, and it satis-fied them for a while. We let only two other persons in on the secret-Cl-ark Lee and Nat Floyd, newspa-per correspondents who had been authorized by the Admiral to make the trip with us. "The food situation was getting tough. Our breakfast was alwaya hot cakes made without eggs Just flour, water, and baking powder and the syrup was sugar and water. We hadn't seen butter since the war started. Then for dinner, it was al-ways canned salmon and rice, and you don't know tired you can get of canned salmon until you eat it regularly for a few months. We welcomed any change." "The one high spot in our diet was the Canopus," said Kelly. "She was an old sub tender, so slow she'd been abandoned, but she had a fine machine shop. She was tied up at the dock and already had been hit twice by bombs, so they worked her at night and abandoned her by day. But among her stores were barrels and barrels of ice-crea- m mix and a freezer. And her skipper would let anyone in the navy who came aboard eat all the Ice cream he wanted as long as those barrels las-tedthey held out until the week we left. "But what we wanted most, of all was fresh meat and vegetables, and along about the second week in Feb-ruary the first blockade-runne- r ar-rived. We piloted her in at night-rendez- vous twenty-fiv- e miles out and as daylight came, our mouths watered as we saw her cargo, strings of bananas piled high on her decks, and below, fresh meat and fruit for Corregidor. That afternoon I went over to see Peggy, and they were all busy slicing steaks and candling eggs. By yelling, scream-ing, and haggling, I got enough fresh meat to serve our crews two meals that week. She was a welcome lit-tle ship, that blockade-runne- r made two more trips before the Japs sank her. "But because of Peggy, my diet was a little better than the others. Since she was on Corregidor, she was entitled, under their rationing system, to buy one item per day from the canteen a package of gum, a candy bar maybe, from the little supply they had left "But Peggy pretended she never cared for them, and every time I came to see her, she'd slip me a pocketful. She bought and saved them every day just something to nibble while I was out on patrol, . CHAPTER VII "She was empty except for three Japs must have discharged her landing party and been headed home. One was dead, two were wounded, and one of these two was a Jap officer. "Bulkeley had his 45 in his hand when he jumped aboard, and Im-mediately this Jap officer went to his knees and began to call, 'Me surrender I Me surrenderl' " "He was talking fast," said Bulke-ley a little grimly, "and he had his hands stuck up very high and stiff, and that ought to stop the myth about how Japs are too noble ever to surrender. I put a line around his shoulders and we hoisted him aboard the 34 boat. "Then I began rummaging around In that sludge for papers, brief cases and knapsacks. I collected, among other things, the muster list of the landing party and their operations plan, before the boat sank beneath me Kelly pulled me into his boat as the barge sank. "The ambulance doctor, glancing at them, said he thought the Jap officer would pull through, but that there wasn't much chance for the little private. "You never know when you're go-ing to run into something," said Bulkeley. "A couple of nights lat-er, I was riding the 41 boat on routine patrol off the west coast of Bataan. When we began to get near to Biniptican Point, the entrance to Subic, we cut it down to one en-gine, to make the least possible noise. Just before ten o'clock, I spotted a Jap ship which seemed to be lying to, near shore. We called general quarters and began sneak-ing up on her still using only one engine until we got within about twenty-fiv- e hundred yards. Then we gave everything the gun and roared in but almost into a trap. Because the Japs had prepared a little wel-come for us, and this ship was seemingly the bait to a trap they had floating entanglements and wires in the water which might foul our propellers and leave us a dead target for their batteries. We saw them just in time, and now we saw they were trying to unbait the trap because that big ship was showing a wake, trying to get under way. "At a thousand yards we fired our first torpedo, and it had hardly hit the water before the Jap ship opened up on us with a pom-po- They'd been playing possum, waiting for us. But what the hell we wanted to be sure we'd stolen the bait from the trap, so we went right on in, ahead of our own torpedo, and let her have another at four hund 'fd yards. Then I gave hard rudaer and as we turned abeam of her, we sprayed her decks with the 50's, and every man on board picked up a rifle and began pumping at her just for the hell of it and the Japs were dishing it right back, but not for many seconds. Because all of a sudden Bam It was our first tor-pedo striking home, and pieces of wreckage fell in the water all around us. The explosion gave us our first clear look at her. She was or had been until then a modern, stream-lined 6,000-to- n auxiliary aircraft car-rier. "But the Japs weren't through with us. A battery of about half a dozen guns opened up on us from the shore by the flashes we could see they were pumping it to us as fast as they could load, and they certainly took our minds off our other troubles. So with big splashes all around us, we executed that na-val maneuver technically known as getting the hell out of there, swerv-ing, weaving, avoiding those damned wire nets, and trying to figure out where the Japs would place their next artillery shots, to make sure we wouldn't be under them giving her every ounce of gas we could stuff into those six thousand horses, until we were out of range. 1 think the Japs were getting tired of us MTB's, and risked exposing that ship to rid themselves of a nuisance." "Early in February they started sending submarines up from Aus-trab- a, and our boats would always meet them outside the mine fields and bring them In Bulkeley getting aboard to ride as pilot. The subs had news. They said America was building a big Australian base that supplies were rolling down there. The submarine Trout would bring In ammunition for army's guns on Bataan and take out gold which had been brought over to Cor-regidor from Manila before it fell. The unloading, of course, would all be at night, and then Bulkeley would take them out and show them deep water, where they could submerge end hide from Jap bombers during the day. Quezon went out on one .ubmarine to Cebu, and a wek "Immediately this Jap officer went to his knees." Bay maybe, if she had seen us, to get under the protection of the Jap shore batteries there. "Why had she been firing near Bagac Bay? We learned that later. She was a 7,000-to- n Jap cruiser cov-ering a Jap landing party with her guns. We didn't know we'd broken up this party at the time. Follow-ing her, we seemed to be gaining because she had apparently slowed down, maybe thinking she had lost us. We were closing on her fast now, when suddenly a huge big searchlight came on, holding us di-rectly in its beam, and a few sec-onds later two shells came screaming over, landing just ahead of ua with a terrific explosion and waterspout. Her searchlight was blinding us and we could only head directly into it, firing the starboard torpedo at that light at about four thousand yards' range. There was another flash of guns from the cruiser, and this salvo dropped much closer to us hardly two hun-dred yards ahead. A third two-gu- n salvo landed just astern of us, and then we let her have the port tor-pedo, figuring the range at a little over three thousand yards. "Now we were empty, and the problem was to dodge that blinding searchlight. Before we veered off to the east, we tried to douse it with spray of bullets, but they did no good. We could hardly see where our tracers went for the glare. We could see now she was chasing us, firing salvoes in pairs from her four guns, when suddenly there was a dull boom, and we could see debris and wreckage sailing up through that searchlight's beam. There was a pause in her firing--no doubt about it, one of our tor-pedoes had struck home, probably the second one. We knew she was crippled because she had slowed down that light which was trying to hold us in its glare was getting farther and farther away, and about 10:30 we lost it by making a hard turn to the right. Presently it went out It came on again once or twice on the horizon, feeling for us over the waves, but never found us. "The next day the army told us we'd broken up a 7,000-to- n cruiser's landing party on Bataan near the village of Moron, which was then in 's land, and said their planes reported the Japs bad had to beach her seventy-fiv- e miles up the coast she explained. "I began to feel funny about that break-throug-h to China we were planning. Of course the Admiral had ordered it and of course it was the way we could be most useful. But here were all these brave peo-ple on Bataan and the Rock, Peggy among them, realizing more clear-ly every day that they would never get out Doomed, but bracing them-selves to look fate in the face as it drew nearer, knowing that they were expendable like ammunition, and that it was part of the war plan that they should sell themselves as dearly as possible before they were killed or captured by the Japs. But a handful of us secretly knew that we, and only we among these many brave thousands, would see home again, and soon. "And the more I liked Peggy she was a swell kid the guiltier I felt. Furthermore, I knew if we ever left it would have to be soon. Gas was getting dangerously low barely enough to make the run for China. And so was our torpedo supply. We would have to leave with every tube full if we were to throw effective weight against Jap shipping on the China coast, and in addition to what we would need for this, we had only a few torpedoes left enough for one good fight and that was to come sooner than we knew." (TO BE COST ISl ED UncUPkilQi J?zif5: kjf A GOOD principle, not rightly understood, may prove as turtful as a bad. Heaven is where no unkind word spoken. One would rather tip than have tthers think one had "views" on tipping. Half loaf may not be better than no read at all. It depends u greif deal ipon th baker. One may well wonder if moscftii-loe-s believe the slapping sounds to e encores. All is not well with him of whom ill speak well. When KIDNEYS need diuretic aid When overstrain or other cause slows down kidney function, the back may ache painfully. Naturally, urinary flow may be lessened frequent but scanty often smarting. "Get-ti- n R up nights" may ruin sleep. 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"sters, aunts, nieces, and evcn Krandn,0ti,. into see that their ?Eht'ff fronts are ra ttrough ,ack Qf am ane of a labor short- - h, re ,our Rrand-a- t the Port New-etS- e "iluint company ManPwer com-'- ! reported that from 1.30Q Z0tncn workers in-J- 6. A ke number is "I of the Tear. .. '"" -- IIIIMeJSBaaTPalayaj1 JILM Wlll'niJl1liTr"'TinTT |