OCR Text |
Show the bulletin. bingham canyon, utah --zzzz'TJewi CIRCLE patterns Senate Setup Promises Postwar Treaty Approval Defeat of Ardent Isolationists Assures Smoother Sailing on Program for Cooperative World Organization. By BAUKIIAGE News Analyit and Commentator. former Attorney General Homer Cummings' assistant AGs. There are certain other points worth noting. On the Foreign Relations com-mittee whence must come approval for international commitments, Sen-ator Reynolds and Senator Bennett Clark and Nye are removed. In any case, however, the removal of Senator Nye, who was chairman of the powerful committee on com-mittees, means that such new ap-pointments as are made will not be influenced by the North Dakotan's extreme views. Other factors make for support of the administration. The election has greatly strengthened the prestige of Senator Ball of Minnesota who was most active in the fight to get the original resolution favoring an inter-national peace organization before the congress and the people. Simi-lar increased Influence in the senate will be exerted by former Repre-sentative Fulbright who fathered a like resolution in the house. A look at the Republican' leader-ship in the upper house is worth while in this connection, too. GOP Minority Promises Moderation At present a quartet of leaders with Senator White as their nomi-nal head are at the helm. Of these Senator Taft, although usually rated as strongly nationalist, is after all on record as favoring the old League of Nations in principle, criticizing only the fact that its members failed to carry out their promises. An-other of large influence, Senator Vandenberg, has done a great deal to interpret the trend of popular sentiment in the middlewest away from a rigid nationalist viewpoint. He worked to that end In the Mack-inac conference, and at the Repub-lican convention last summer. He did yeoman's service in cooperation with Secretary of State Hull in ob-taining senate support for UNRAA. Without the help of these Repub-licans and their colleagues, and of course Senator Austin and Senator White, the administration could hardly get a two-third- s vote. This more conservative element will also furnish a valuable check against ef-forts toward extreme international-ism on the part of the administra-tion which might turn the people against the administration and thus defeat its own purpose. Perhaps the task of checking ag-gression is too great for human hands and human minds to achieve. But never before in our history has America had such an opportunity to lead the world toward the goal of good-wil- l an peace among nations. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Washington, in these weeks of preparation for the forthcoming meeting of the Big Three, has gradu-ally begun to realize that the result of the November election, whatever its effect on domestic politics may be, placed America face to face with the greatest problem In the field of foreign affairs that this country has ever attempted to solve. And regardless of how effective the efforts of our statesmen may be there is no question that the people have placed behind them a pledge of harmonious support. The President will sit down at the meeting, probably somewhere in the Middle East, with Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin, with the most specific mandate as to for-eign policy ever given a President by the people of the United States. America's representatives at the United Nations' conference, which will probably take up the unfinished business started at Dumbarton Oaks, will enter discussions with the great-est military force and International prestige that any of this country's diplomatists have ever enjoyed be-fore. When the United States senate starts deliberations on the agree-ments which grow out of the par-leys of the Big Three (or Big Four), and the later meetings of the United Nations' representatives, that body will have what now appears to be the necessary two-thir- majority of senators whose constituencies have expressed themselves in favor of broad International cooperation. The people have spoken. It now depends on the wisdom and the abil-ity of their servants to produce the kind of a plan fer the postwar world which will be at once thoroughly American in principle, acceptable to our friends and effective against our ' enemies. A brief review of the new com-plexion of the senate reveals how strikingly the people spoke in favor of International cooperation. Trend Evident Before Election The trend became evident before the election in four primary contests, and bipartisan support for the pol-icy of International forces was achieved and cooperation has been reinforced by other circumstances as well. Beginning with the defeat of "Cotten Ed" Smith of South Car-olina In the primaries we find in his place the senator-elec- t Johnston who, In his campaign, pledged his support of the administration's for-eign policy. Another defeat in the primaries was that of Senator Worth Clark of In all the various discussions con-cerning the restoration of sound cur-rency conditions in the postwar pe-riod, the British balance of pay-ments appears as one of the chief stumbling blocks, the Alexander Hamilton institute points out. As a result of the war, the balance of payments of Great Britain has wit-nessed a material deterioration. The foreign trade of the coun-try has shown a large excess cf im-ports over exports which, before the institution of lend-leas- was met primarily through the shipment of gold and the liquidation of British-owne- d foreign assets. It is estimated that, during the war. Great Britain has lost approximately $4,000,000,000 of some of the best foreign assets held by British nationals. The loss of income from these for-eign investments has naturally had an adverse effect on Great Britain's balance of payments and, unless it is counteracted in other ways, it will reduce her ability to buy mer- - chandise abroad. In normal times, Great Britain received about $800.- - 000.000 from her foreign invest- - ments. An additional $400,000,000 per annum was received from British shipping. Substantial sums were also earned each year by British in- - surance companies operating all over the world and by the financial operations of the city of London. Since the poorer foreign invest- - ments remain in British hands, it is difficult to determine with any de- - gree of accuracy what the returns on these investments will be in the postwar period. j Idaho, whose opponent (now senator-- elect Taylor) campaigned on a strong internationalist platform, the first to win on such a program in this state so strong In the Borah tra-dition. Another ardent isolationist to fail renomination in spite of his splendid record as a skilled legisla'or was Bennett Champ Clark. His fall was a mighty blow to the isolationist cause since he was a member of the Nye munitions committee, composed of Senator Nye of North Dakota, Clark and Senator Bone of Washing-ton, a group which for years has been the well-sprin- g of emphatic speech and ac-tion. The other two members of this group have departed likewise: Sena-tor Bone was appointed to a judge-ship in his home state; Senator Nye went down to defeat before the three times governor of North Dakota elected on a clear-cu- t international platform. Another breach was made in the nationalistic front by the withdrawal of Senator Reynolds of North Caro-lina who, like Senator Bone, left voluntarily. There were two other defeats in final senatorial contests to be noted. Senator Holman of Washington men-tioned in the famous book, "Under Cover," for his alleged leanings, was replaced by Wayne Morse, a Republican who leans well toward international co-operation, and the well-like- d Senator Danaher of Massachusetts who went down before the aggressive campaign of Brien McMahon, one of Army Strives to Take Some Of the Risks Out of Warfare were taught how during training courses. Our realistic training methods are actually safety methods. Experi-ence has shown that the average recruit is as frightened by battle noise and battle confusion as he is by bullets. Such a soldier becomes excited, perhaps fires his rifle un-intentionally, perhaps kills or wounds his own comrades instead of the enemy. Such a soldier is un-sure of himself, nerve - taunt, "jumpy." On army Infiltration courses battle-- green soldiers are taught bow to crawl across rough terrain, through barbed wire, while machine go ballets whiz above their heads, and TNT charges explode nearby like enemy land mines. Graduates f these safcty-ln-batt- le courses are not likely to suffer needless wounds or needless death. They know that in crawling It is vital to keep the bead and body down; that a smart soldier crawls under barbed wire, not over it; that a soldier whose weapon Is not clean and ready to function when needed Is a soldier most likely to become a casualty. Mention the word "doughboy" to most persons, and they think of a man with a rifle and a bayonet. That may have been true in pre-vious wars, but it is not true in this one. Safety training and practice in the army ground forces goes a long way beyond this basic conception of the American foot soldier. Weapon training adds to the soldier's chance of survival by mak-ing him versatile with a great many more weapons than his rifle. Among these are hand and rifle grenades, combat knife, automatic pistol, machine pistol, carbine, automatic rifle, three types of ma-chine guns, two types of mortars, flame thrower, bazooka, mines and booby traps, bangalore torpedo and other demolition equipment. Most probably the individual infantryman will never be called upon to use all these weapons in combat, but he may at any time be called upon suddenly in an emergency to use any one of them. The knowledge and facility gained during training in-creases powerfully the safety fac-tor protecting the uniformed man in battle. In addition the army ground forces protects its men in the field by careful instruction in battle and Soldiers Taught How To Avoid Accidental Injuries in Battle Ordnance specialists call it "brisance." A layman would call it the shattering power of a detonated explosive. But whatever you call it, it's ter-rifically dangerous. Con-trolled brisance kills the ene-my. Uncontrolled by rules of safety, it kills and maims Americans. To speak of safety methods in con-nection with the grim business of waging war sounds incongruous. Yet the army's ordnance depart-ment, its ground forces, its air forces and its service forces have piled up an amazing safety record in time of war. For example, look at the score in the nation's three score govern-ment owned, contractor operated explosive producing arsenals under supervision of the U. S. army ord-nance department. In January, 1941, less than 11 million pounds of powder and ex-plosives were produced in the U. S. Three years later, in January, 1944, we produced more than a quarter of a billion pounds of explosives, and during those three years our total production was nearly 6 billion pounds. Incredible as it may appear, in handling the most powerful ex-plosives known to man, some so sensitive they must be transported under water, others so potent that a small amount penetrates five inches of concrete, it is neverthe-less a fact that there were only 255 injuries during 1943 throughout all these installations In America Nor is this safety program con-fined to civilian workers. Our men in uniform have benefited greatly from modern safety methods. No one would describe the job of a soldier on active wartime duty as a "safe" job. Yet, granting that the soldier risks his life constantly in the performance of his duty, the army makes sure that he does not risk it needlessly. Gun tubes, for example, which must resist high pressures yet must field sanitation, in personal hygiene, in the safe use of drinking wa-ter, and in defense against diseases caused by insects and parasites. Even so small a thing as the com-mon foot blister is not ignored in army safety practice. Fewer Air Corps Accidents. Equally insistent on the highest possible safety standards in the dangerous business of waging war 4s the army air forces training com-mand. During the first six months of 1943 a total of 13.4 million military flying hours were logged in con-tinental U. S. During the same period in 1944 the total was 20.1 million. Despite this impressive in-crease of more than 6,500,000 hours, fatal accidents and death totals were actually reduced. ' Furthermore, the improvement is continuing. In July, 1944, the acci-dent rate for training type planes was the lowest yet recorded. Dur-ing July in the continental U. S. trainees In undergraduate pilots' schools logged an amazing total of flying time in rT-13'- s, -- 17's, -- 18's and -- 27's, with only one fatal accident! Graduate pilots operating combat type airplanes in transition schools and in the replacement training units established safety records, too. Pilots in 7 Flying Fortresses achieved an all-tim- e low in crack-up- s. Also in July, 1944, there were only two fatal accidents in the high-speed 5 Billy Mitchells. This is not the safety record of a commercial airline, or even a com-mercial truck fleet, but the safety experience of a giant air force en-gaged in global war. The motto of the army has never been "Safety First." In army par-lance safety is knowledge. Army airmen achieve safety because they know. Typical is the procedure for forced landings in water, which in-cludes how to swim through fire, how to handle rubber boats and parachutes, defense against sharks, precautions to take against wind, weather and the hundreds of haz-ards that confront men adrift in open water. Airmen know how to take every conceivable precaution in case of jungle landings, or any other type of landing which may lead to danger or difficulty. In war great hazards cannot be avoided, but trained and disciplined men with a knowledge of those haz-ards, and the "know-how- " to avoid or to overcome some of them, have developed one of the greatest or-ganized safety programs o.' all time. A twisted or broken ankle can dis-able a soldier as effectively as an enemy bullet. American fighting men learn how to jump from a mov-ing vehicle and land without injury. This Is only one of the many tricks taught in army training camps. also be light for easy aiming and transportation, are tested with ex-cess pressure rounds before accept-ance to insure their safety in the hands of the troops. Now our projectiles are "bore safe." They cannot explode within the gun. Reflecting this confidence in the safety of their weapons, our men are now regarded as the finest marksmen in the world. Escape Hatches in Tanks. The combat crew inside a battle tank cannot have and do not expect to have absolute safety. But the army sees to it that within the lim-its of normal battle hazards they are protected from unnecessary risks. Tanks are provided with hatches on both the top and bottom sur-faces for easy escape, regardless of the position of the tank. New automatic controls reduce driver's fatigue. Seats are cushioned against shock and are provided with safety belts. Padding is placed at many points to avoid dangerous impact shock. Forced ventilation cools the tank interior in summer heat, and drives off toxic gun gases during combat. Accident prevention, however, in no way impairs the effectiveness of our fighting men, the war depart-ment said. A hard-hittin- tough-bodie- d army continues to be our objective. There are fewer sprained ankles, wrenched knees or sprained backs in our field armies of today because safety training programs have taught men how to jump cor-rectly from relatively great heights with rifles and packs. Men lifting various heavy objects in the field do so without injury because they Doll's Wardrobe a Delightful ( is required In filling orderi J. ' the most popular pattern numbtr Send your order to: SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN D 149 New Montgomery ft San Francisco, Calit Enclose 25 ceuti In coins fa pattern desired. Pattern No Size..., Name Address Little Mother AN entire new wardrobe for her will delight every little mother. These adorable doll clothes are fun to make and will be a perfect under-the-tre- e sur-prise. Pattern No. 8707 comes in sizes 12, 16 and 20 inches Included. Size 18 inches, dress and pantie, requires yard of 35 or material; nightie and slip, yard: coat and beret, yard; Jumper and blouse yard. Classic Shirtwaist FOR smart good looks, the dress is tops. Its trim, well fitting lines make it a stand-by in every wardrobe. Tucks at shoulder and waist, set-i- n belt are distinguishing details on this attractive model. Pattern No. 8625 comes in sizes 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48. Size 36, short sleeves, requires 4'i yards ot material. Due to an unusually large demand and current war conditions, slightly more time QUICK RMff HEAD fz COLD F, MISERY ?' When nostrils are fjjM clogged, nosefeelsraw, rSrl , membranes swollen, IaL, reach for cooling 'k if.,, Mentholatum. Speed- - I W'i , ily it (1) Helps thin out p ( thick, stubborn mucus; I J (2) Soothes irritated f I I membranes; (3) Uelps ' reduce Bwollen pas-- f ' sages; (4) Stimulates i jVyj local blood supply, t f F right to "sick" area. & y Every br4ath brings re-- I V liefl Jars, tubes, 30. ) mssM hdSii IglMBlBInSir' ifflKi VSf HANDSOME V(V j Flakes bring you J neS alfthe n)njll Corn protective declared food elements essentia i (,( of the whole grain Those rolls smell lr VPvJ I o good, I Just cant wait 3P?jBr T jig 'jH for supper I Imagine a girl Jt3 :J as pretty as you being auch Tfff f M.'fJ a wonderful cook, tool A. . -- Zj mFJjfy extra riiomijf16ffMi ( WHAT A GRAND WAV TO ) FTj.i etun WR M OCT MORE VITAMINS S cWTi'M fRtf! FLEISCHMANN'S IS THE tJll OVER 40 I ONLY YEAST FOR ft5V MCIPCS IN THC NJ ) BAKINO THAT HAS WA VI5P tMJ!L f ADDED AMOUNTS OFMV plElSCHMANN'S fA V BOTH VTAMINS A AND D,J N THE 6RM0 65 ) AS WELL AS THE f Jl DOZENS Of WOfJtfJ VITAMIN 6 COMPLEX! gf IDEAS M WWAjS m70waovs sweef gj WrUTE WR And all those vitamins go right lF' .Wl toto your baking with no great St4Btm i J i I Photo-Cel- l Enables Blind to Operate Machinery Safely mechanical de-vices Important new to simplify life for returning servicemen who have lost their s;gni and for the upwards of 200.000 civil-ian blind in the United -s are announced by the American Foun-dation for the Blind. Chief of these devices, in view cl Its wide application to the em-ployment of blind people, is a new use for the versatile photo-electri- c cell. The foundation has adapted the "electric eye" principle to make completely safe the operation by blind people of electric sewing ma-chines in workshops and in their homes. In practice this device puts a safety curtain of light around the rapidly plunging needle. The mo-ment the fingers of the blind opera-tor reach dangerously near the needle's point and come within the light circle, the machine stops in a split second. Another useful invention which will aid sightless people in business is called the "bill detector." This gad-get also utilizes the "electric eye" principle and was first thought of by a sightless Canadian, George A. fri V lilfniiiM vwv The "magic eve," a photo-electr- ic cell, stops the needle of the power sewing machine as soon as the op-erator's fingers come within the circle of light. With this attachment blind persons may safely use many kinds of machines. Lafleur of Overbrook, Ontario. In this contrivance a beam of light scans the numerals of paper cur-rency and the number of times the light is reflected from the bill is indi-cated by a buzzing noise. The num-ber of audible sounds indicates the denomination of the bill. Already in limited use by sightless workers is the "audio-scale.- " This enables them to weigh certain ob-jects by sound rather than by touch. Here a flashing light is regis-tered by a photo-electri- c cell. If the scale registers overweight, the sightless operator1 hears a sound of high pitch; if underweight, a sound of low pitch; and if in balance, no sound at all. This idea, too, first came to a blind person, Mrs. Evelyn Watson of Buffalo. In war plants this audio-scal- e has such uses as weighing out specific amounts of powder for fuses, mica for radio mechanisms, and uniform buttons. West Point Grads Of the 13,000 men who have been graduated from West Point be-tween 1802 and 1934, more than 7,000 are living and in the army today. Winter Driving Hazards Can Be Reduced by Taking A Few Simple Precautions The following practices, based on National Safc'y council research, are recommended by the Safe Win-ter Driving committee to all who must drive this winter: 1. Fill your car to comfortable capacity and go prepared to get through, regardless of snow or ice. 2. Reduce your speed to conform to the conditions ef the road and take no chances. 3. Use tire chains on ice and snow to reduce braking distances as much as 46 or 50 per cent. Chains also provide necessary "go" traction, and uniformity in performance un-der severe winter road conditions. 4. Follow other vehicles at a safe distance. It takes from 3 to 11 times as long to stop without anti-skid chains when pavements are snowy or icy. 5. Apply brakes on slippery pave- ments lightly and with a pumping action. If you jam on the brakes, they may lock and throw your car into a dangerous skid. Try to avoM need for making a quick stop in front of another vehicle. A rear-en- d collison may cripple your car for the duration. 6. Keep windshield and windows clear of snw and ice outside, and fog and frost inside. Remember you must see danger to avoid it. ' 7. Keep posted on winter road and weather conditions. A safe driver is always aware of his limitations and equipped to get through safely and on time. Be a good defensive driver B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage Labor - management production committees are now operating in more than 5,000 war plants. . Geographically isolated from the rest f the country by the Rockies, California before the war had more than enough oil for domestic mar-kets in the West Coast states. In consequence, it developed a substan-tial export market in the Far East. A nation-wid- e contest for a popu j lar song that will "stir up the peo pie's fighting spirit" has been an-nounced by the Japanese Informa- - i tion board. Fruit juices will be available in concentrated form, like candy, after the war. when it is expected there will be an oversupply of th.-s-e prod- - ucts. i Many casualties osed to be caused by premature explosions of projec-tiles. Exacting tests of both guns and ammunition have practically eliminated this danger. Shells are now termed "bore safe," meaning that they will not explode within the gun tube before Intended. Antiaircraft guns, like the one pictured, fire very high-powere- d shells of comparatively small cali-ber. The guu crews, nevertheless, feel confident that they will not be Injured by their own weapon. |