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Show ' . THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH Benefits of. Social Security Could Be Extended to Farm Owners and Their Employees, Officials Say All Difficulties of Administration Can Be Smoothed Out Wages today are high, and j.obs plentiful, and there is a ready market for all farm produce and manufactured goods. Most people probably realize, however, that the present prosperity is a result of the war, and that a down-turn is almost certain to come with peace. There may be no depression, at least not for several years, but the present very high level of activity is not likely to be maintained. But in any case, there comes a time in everyone's life when he has to slow down. Whatever stage the business cycle is in, those who are unahle tn wnrlc apt nn Inrnmc t demands for maintenance of fer-tility, repairs, buying machinery and livestock, and so on, all re-quire cash, and there is often little left at the year's end to build up a retirement fund. Often, when the farm operator has to quit work, his family is in difficult straits, and may have to depend on public aid or charity. The tenant farmer and the farm laborer generally are in worse cir-cumstances than the man who owns his land, once they have to quit working. With little or no savings, the tenant and the farm hand who cannot earn anything are soon hard up indeed. They and their families suffer humiliation and want War Changes Things. The war, of course, has made a great difference in the farmers' situ-ation. The incomes of many are double, in some cases treble, what they were before. But the war and perhaps our present prosperity is temporary. Farm nennle wprp ptt nut of the Many men are able to work even in old age, like this sturdy Florida farmer. He knows, nevertheless, that he will have to quit In a few years, or maybe much sooner. If he could anticipate a regular flow of Social Security checks he could face the future with much less concern, Everyone who has to make his own living must be somewhat concerned about the future. A very large group of wage and salary earners have found a partial answer to these troublesome ques-tions. They are the workers in pri-vate Industry and commerce, those in "covered" employment, to whom the old-ag- e and survivors insurance program of the Social Security act applies. These workers are building up rights to monthly insurance payments when they grow old and retire, and for their fami-lies, when death comes to the bread-winner. Others, not so fortunate, look upon the group that has social insur-ance protection somewhat enviously. The Social Security board receives many letters from the professional people, small busi- - social insurance program not be-cause they were thought to be al-ready secure. The reason for ex-cluding them was that in 1935 the program was new and the adminis-trative hurdles looked very high. But now the Social Security board is convinced that old-ag- e and sur-vivors insurance can be adminis-tered for farm people simply, at low cost, and without being unduly troublesome to them. What would it mean to farm operators and farm hands to have this insurance? It would mean the same protection it means already to those who are under the system. A couple of exariples will illustrate the protection old-ag- e and survivors insurance offers. Back in 1936, when Harry J. was nearly 60, he got himself a job with a construction company. After eight to the federal government. Together with the money he sends a report of the amount of wages paid the worker, to be duly entered in his social security account in Balti-more, Md. On the basis of these wage records, the insurance bene-fits are figured. Farmers Could be Protected. Could the system be applied to farm people? Farmers are scattered over a very wide area. Could the premiums be collected without the costs of administration mounting un-duly high, considering the small amounts paid in? And how would farmers figure out what their pre-miums ought to be, seeing that lots of them don't keep any books? The Social Security board is con-fident that the extension of the old-ag- e and survivors insurance system j form itm-irtl- ia mrwu foocirilfl WflVCl 7 vilp.Sit 1 years, ne wanted to stop working and retire to his small place in the country. He hadn't felt he could do so, however, because he wasn't sure he could earn a living from farm-ing his few acres. Upon inquiry he found that his monthly retirement payment would be about $27, since j he had earned an average of $100 a month. His wife, who was also past 65, would get half that much; so that would make the family income over $40 every month, sufficient for their needs. Widow Got $79 a Month. Mr. C. was a newspaper linotype machine operator and had always earned high wages. He hoped to give all five children a good education. The two elder ones were attending the university. Suddenly Mr. C. got pneumonia and died within a week. The widow was left with three children still at school and no in-come save what Mary and Jean could earn by leaving school and taking jobs. She went to the Social Security field office, thinking that perhaps there would be a small lump sum going to her, probably be no more than a couple of hundred dollars. She was amazed to learn that she was entitled to monthly payments for herself and the three younger children! She received have been devised to overcome the difficulties. As a basis for determining farm-ers' social insurance premiums, the reports they are already making to the government for income tax and other purposes can be used. For the farmer who is not required to file income tax returns, would figure his income on the basis of the estimated "market value of his services." In doing this he could guide himself by the wages received by his highest paid farm hand. If be employs no labor, the monthly wage rate for farm labor in his locality would serve. Farmers could pay their pre-miums at times most convenient for themselves. Some might find it con-venient to pay a lump sum annually, and others might prefer to pay in four annual quarterly installments. Low-incom- e farmers could pay their premiums in social insurance stamps if they chose. They would buy these currently and put them in a social security stamp book which could be turned in from time to time as payment toward their premiums. Collections Through Stamps. For farm help, the stamp method might be best, the board thinks. The Young and strong, this Maryland farmer shouldn't need retirement benefit payments for many years unless sickness or an accident should incapacitate him. But the time will come when he will be too old to work. During his good years, he should have a chance to accu-mulate a retirement fund through Social Security. His family too, should be protected under the sur-vivor's benefit provisions. Under Jiresent provisions, however, the s excluded from the f ' Jt ipilim millllljllll 11111(1 M i . l'f',1 it ' -- ' kJ ' & system. ness men, gas station operators, restaurant keepers, operators of cleaning and pressing shops, of beauty parlors, and so on, wanting to know why they can't get old-ag- e protection. They pay premiums for their employees' insurance, but themselves cannot build up rights to benefits. "Why this discrimina-tion?" they ask. "We have no more security than our employees." Few From Farmers. Very seldom among these letters from the is there one from a farmer. Yet farmers have fully as much reason to seek social insurance protection as others of the The notion that farmers are an independent and group is no longer true. It is a hangover from earlier times, when most farms were self- - sufficient. Today farmers are much more vulnerable. They have to buy more and sell more; operating costs are higher, and falling prices often mean serious losses. Then too, sections differ as to agricultural prosperity. North and south, west and middle-wes- t are widely unlike, while in each there are plenty of spots that present a quite different picture from the rest. In 1939, the last year before the "war boom," nearly one-ha- lf of the farm operators in the country had a gross annual money income yield (allowing for food consumed by the farm family) of less than $600; two-thir-had less than $1,000, and 89 per cent had under $2,500. It is difficult for farm owners to save much out of these small cash incomes. Even a farmer with an average net income of $2,000 a year finds it hard to put much aside for old age or misfortune. The constant farmer could buy social insurance stamps from any post office or rural letter carrier, and insert them in the stamp books furnished him by his workers when he paid their wages. Half the cost of the stamps would be deducted from the work-er's wages as his social security pre-mium. When the worker's book was full, or at the end of its period of validity, he would bring or mail it to any office of the board so that it could be added to his record. With the stamp system the "small" farmer would find it unnec-essary to keep books or file reports about the wages of his paid help. On the large farm the stamp method could be used for temporary or casual workers not carried on the regular pay roll. Wages paid in the form of room and board and the like might be included in the work-er's total wage, and the value set on them could be based on data gathered and published from time to time by the department of agri- culture. Farm people have every claim to be included under the old-ag- e and survivors insurance program. Their claim is all the stronger because many of them are already partly under the system. In the wintertime or in other for farm work, many farm people work in industry and pay premiums on so- cial insurance. In a lifetime, their payments amount to substantia) sums. And yet very few people ever get benefits because they don't work in covered employment long enough or often enough to qualify for the monthly payments. The inclusion oi farm people under the program would at once both rectify the in justice to these workers and plug a big gap in the social securitv program. A midwestern farmer smiles with satisfaction as he reads the figures on a check received for his produce. Agricultural income is now two to three times the 1939 level, but this happy situation won't last, econo-mists warn. Unless this middle-age- d man Is fortunate, however, his savings will dwindle away, and he will face old age without security. about $79 a month under the old-ag- e and survivors insurance program' Mrs. C. is one of 705,000 persons-work- ers past 65, their aged wives, widows, and children and depend-ent parents who today are receiv-ing monthly payments on account of old-ag- e and survivors insurance. To date the system has paid out nearly half a billion dollars. The mechanics of old-ag- e and sur-vivors insurance are simple. Every pay day every worker in a covered job pays, under present rates, 1 per cent of his wages as a premium on his old-ag- e and survivors Insurance. This is deducted from his pay by his employer, who pays an equal sum. Four times a year the em-ployer sends both contributions in TsWi AfcaWilfii'iil lift ilii iiisiiiiil fte' i(isBlWhaw'i''r4fiV i WitiniW::iK:A (Left) An elderly woman cashes her old age Insurance check In a New Tork bank. Since February 1, 1940, persons over 65 are eligible to receive the benefits of Social Security payments, even though they have worked only a short time under the system and have contrib-uted little to the fund. (Eight) This New York couple was the first to apply for monthly payments to which they were entitled under the Social Security system. The checks began to flow out in 1940. L V w: Allied Show of Power TT Affects Enemy Morale Robot Plane Attacks Used to Bolster Home- - 7p Front Spirits Following First tfZ llln Invasion Landings. plr--S-J L. :sd By BAUKIIAGE Nnvi Analyst and Commentator. WNU Services, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. In the last days of June when the papers were full of stories of Ger-many's "secret weapon," the robot plane, a scene which I witnessed some three decades ago returned to haunt me. I stood in a large tent with a crowd of people, oh-ln- g and ih-in- g at a mechanical miracle we were witnessing. It was in Germany. Before us stood a pompous gentle-man In evening clothes with fero-cious mustachios. He had a wand In his hand and with it directed the movement of a beautiful little dirigi-ble about three feet long, a perfect replica of the zeppelins which were Just beginning to be talked about It did look rather startling. The Impressario moved his wand to the right and the miniature dirigible started off around the top of the tent, its tiny propellers whirring. He dipped his wand and the little ship losed down and began to descend. He traced a graceful circle upward and the ship ascended and re-produced his movement in the Sir. Finally, after performing all torts of such feats it gracefully de-fended and landed on a table. It was an Impressive sight but afterwards an American engineer who bad witnessed the display ex-plained to me that it was all "per- - he Is a garrulous workman drinking his thin beer with a group of fridnds; perhaps he is even the quiet-face- d fellow wearing the swastika, helling Hitler with the rest. Anyhow, he is described In the document I quote as the "third man" who, like a dark shadow, "overheari all conversations." "He learns," says a nervous Nail warning, which I cannot Identify further, translation of which I am quoting literally, "that the enemy took a village a week ago, that there Is only one German soldier to every 500 meters along the eastern front (I have been told by a Colonel) that the Americans will attack with a hundred thou-sand aircraft steered by remote control methods (yes, certainly, our charwoman's nephew who works In the secret department in the Reich air ministry says so). . . ." and so the trans-lation runs, revealing the state of Nazi nerves. No wonder that when the Ger-man "secret weapons," the pilotless bombers, were sent over London the German propa-ganda fairly shrieked Its trl-- - uniph from every housetop In an effort to off-s- et the grim news of the Invasion. Unfortunately Fnr Ilorr Ciwhluita . , . iMn... i.-uj-r unpin, no saia me wana was merely a signal to a man con-cealed from the audience who sat before an electric switchboard and tontrolled the ship by radio. Since then many experiments have been carried on by this type of remote control but so far as I know it has not been used In any engines of war. Naturally, when I first read the news of the robots, the picture of the little xeppelln floated into my mind. Experts admit that the Ger-man pilotless planes are nothing but rockets and they can be sent in only the general direction of their targets. But the same experts freely admit that there could be radio-controlle- d pilotless planes. I mention the rocket attacks not so much to emphasize the last hysterical gesture of the writhing Teuton, but because they mark an Important milestone in the psycho-logical battle whose frenzy has mounted In these weeks since the Invasion. The robot attack was not nearly as much of an offensive as a defensive stroke. Reports reach-In- g Washington in the last days lndl-cat- e that there is a defeatist psychosis mounting in Germany. That this bit of Buck Rogers fantasy Was to be an antidote, is clear from the tremendous play it received in -- - - w v- - uiri.ia mm aWIIIUCTBj that, very moment the most powerful air weapon ever created, the 9, was making the longest flight on record to strike at the heart of Japan's chief war Industry. That,, un-doubtedly, had its repercussions In Germany. What is the state of nerves in Ber-lin, where, according to a corre-spondent of the Swiss Journal de Geneve, "everywhere one travels there are ruins, piles of rubble .... paper has taken the place of win-dows and there are makeshift roofs with no tops on them .... In many quarters . . , the majority of the inhabitants are buried beneath the ruins. . . ." No Complaints, Please You can judge what the govern-ment li thinking about the attitude which Berliners are taking by an article printed in the Lokal "For the sake of your lives be carefull" it says and then begs that no complaint about their work or revelation of what they are doing be made which might reveal some-thing to the enemy, "Talk about how well we are fed." the writer begs, "say that the Ger- - uerman propaganda. The tension in enemy countries is Understandable to any of us in Wash-ington who have gone through the strain of that morning when the first hint came over the air that y was dawning. Like many Other newsmen, writers and broad-Caster- s, I was routed out of my bed ihortly after midnight after be-ing on the alert for weeks, and from Ihen on for many hours that bed was a stranger to me. How Did the Enemy Feel? Temperatures rose and fell for many days thereafter but the peaks and valleys of emotion in this coun-try could have been nothing com-pared with those of our enemies. As yet we cannot know exactly what the German pulse beat was when our forces reached their shores after Sll the boasting about Hitler's "West . Wall"; or how kimonos fluttered when the Japanese homeland was ruthlessly hammered by an engine Of war more terrible than any they expected existed or when Ameri-can naval guns roared in ' the Kuriles and the Bonins, almost in Hirohito's back yard. man people get more bread, butter and milk than ever before, that everybody still gets fresh white bread and even occasionally eggs and some lovely apples." Obviously this is directed to a people utterly discouraged by minds equally desperate. From another source, which I cannot identify, is revealed a message said to come directly from the High Command it-self, calling for "strong hearts" to meet the news of the retreats on the Russian front, which it freely admits has become a "psychologi-cal burden." A Remarkable Map The many members of the Na-tional Geographic society have re-ceived the remarkable new map of Japan and adjacent regions put out recently by that organization. This Is the first time that a de-tailed map has been computed with the geographic heart of Tokio as its center. The National Geographic Bulletin states that the exact spot is Tokio's central railway station about which cluster the imperial pal-ace, the central post office and the Marunouchi building, one of the It takes some time to assay the morale in enemy lands, but thanks to certain reports which have al-ready reached the Allied capitals we can gauge the mental state of the population in Germany. Some of the information comes from secret sources which may not be disclosed lest they give a hint to the gestapo as to whom or where the sources are. One such report speaks of that spectre "the third man" yrtio is haunting the Nazi minions everywhere they go. Per-haps he Is a bent old derelict sweep-ing the street crossing. Perhaps i city's largest official structures. The map has been compiled of entirely new base material and is being used by the general staff and other government departments which opened their files to the Na-tional Geographic researchers for its preparation. Just because we have our eyes on western Europe at the moment is no reason why we should forget what is going on in the Pacific. Fortunately, our forces have been built up there to the point where we can carry on simultaneous action with the move-ments of the armies in Europe. B mi Damp clothes M.1 Ironed, and a 1clothes clean. le54 A splendid saf icme cabinet s wise through thl ties which pricked finger wiffi' In the dark! kl , with white lead aft be painted on smi01 stipple effect by V brush. i When Painting ... switch plates or faces, coat Th vaseline beftwbjg will be easy to wr splashes. M you are bakinr . pies and the ' fit into the oven? deep hd or tin cup space and put your pie; raises the pie abov thus all may be baked r saving considerable hi HUH King's Heraldi Malt FREE toh tiU, Cmmm fua jwK mm vuw. m KDTA XOV0- -E KIO KVNTT Newspaper Logi Show Ofci SNAPPY FA fjfjl RUB1 latest governmMt show that 80 per tut nation's war wericm to and from their war) automobile. Still m lif reason why aveikrUi have to be dlitrM tiouily. B. f. Goodrich hat ctmIk now begirm'mf to prtdta proved nwerol-pwpt-ruooer, me oeiain vi remain confidential m&i war. Introduction el l abundant natural material veloped a synthetic r approaches natural M characteristics during ' and has proven superiK truck tires. "ESS BEGoodriji Invest in Liberty A Dab a j keeps I P.O. aw (Underarm Perjplr j lUUU DEODORflfiT m -i- an't ..iff or spreads like face -i- sactueny. w after shaving-1- 11 -b-aslight,pleant" i .mell to cling tofce -- will not spofldelic"' Yet tests In the tropic'', -p- rove that VodortPu ,, Things I Never Knew About the White House: Truly a product of the meltkig pot is the White House . . . Charles Pierre L'Enfant, a Frenchman, chose the site . . . James Hoban, a Dublin Irishman, designed and built it . . . Whites and Negroes repre-senting 11 different countries had a hand in its construction. It cost the gov't Just $50, the price of a gold medal, to have the White House designed . . . Congress spon-sored a national contest for the de-sign. Hoban won it . . . The prize was either the $50 medal or $500 to cash. Hoban patriotically chose the medal ... In his 42 years of subse-quent work in Washington, Hoban never designed another building. No one today can tell where the cornerstone of the White House is placed. Successive layers of white paint, from which the mansion gets its name, have effectively concealed it from sight and knowledge . . . Part of the money for building it came from lotteries. George Washington, who helped supervise the construction of the White House until the week of his death, always referred to it as the Federal Palace or Mansion . . . With typical modesty, which should be a lesson to some of the politicians of our day, he never called the city of Washington by that name ... To him, whether in public or private, Washington was always the Federal City. The n strike is neither new ner novel ... It was tried way back in 1800 by the crews working on the White House. They were ordered to move out of the shacks on the White House grounds in which many lived with their families, so these unsight-ly structures could be razed . . . They refused because they had no-- , where to move and staged the first sitdown strike in protest. Diplomats now consider Wash-ington the prize post ... It wasn't so In the old days. Wash- - ington and particularly the site ' of the White House were con-sidered so unhealthy the British gov't decreed its representatives should be awarded additional pay for serving there ... It did not become the White House of-ficially until Theodore Roosevelt moved In. He ordered that sim-ple name engraved on his official letterheads after It had been al-most completely rebuilt. The White House staff has never been known U betray an important secret . . . Weedrew Wilson, whese life Is being dram-atized en the screen by Darry F. Zanuck under the title, "Wil-son," Inadvertently made known his decision to declare war on Germany to at least two mem-bers of the White House staff, hilt t-int n".wiu1 ,icsk. cu oui. i.n of the official declaration . . . Some members f the staff also knew of his plans to wed Edith Boiling Gait well in ad-vance of the event but kept the secret well. Gruff old Andrew Carnegie during his lifetime saw to it that the White House had plenty of Scotch, no mat- ter who was President . . . He'd order it in kegs from Scotland and have it sent directly to Washington and the Chief Executive with his compliments . . President Wilson, however, refused to accept the scotch, and Carnegie discontinued the practice. Andrew Jackson, for sentimental reasons, turned the White House around by putting the formal on the north side, facing Pennsylvania Avenue. He wanted to save his goed friend, E P Blair orne steps Blair had built his house on the opposite side of the afr636151' entrance by putting that much closer rfis boon friend. The busi t phone (n the Pr'nt's . . . Thech.efusher gets ca Is because of the innumerable duties and functions which fall hm . . . Petty pilferings are .n any I,6oUff'ihciliCal Hbouuilsdingthainn the werld . . . Individuals hteh SekteS,SP0Tandf0rkSf0r fry will the same p pose, even to snipping , ta from draperies r Pieces nf . cutting out irom chairs. if?"sifts nt to the empt o the chief Sulivife --eiSec1- ceshaveSrCr-"ac- t cally a livi ' -t- ly rSS th" -P-apers as Z Fish in Destn Water from wells 1 have brought fish to the the Sahara desert. It is they have traveled fa; ground streams. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage Julius Caesar would have had more water to cross today in invad-ing Eritain the cliffs of Dover have receded that much. e Nazi slave-labo- r recruitment among women in occupied northern Italy now applies only to unmar-ried women between the ages of 18 and 30, resulting in a desperate matrimonial rush. Pillow feathers are su scarce in Hungary and the Balkan countries that Nazis are offering a bribe of one gallon of gas for a quantity ol feathers worth about 15 cents. A "seat changing" signal is given at regular intervals in the crowded trains in Japan, and people wht have been sitting stand up to change places with the others. |