Show r r J I r ri r t r a t t 7 j Jo J t f tf I m r 2 1 1 r 4 t r ll C. C 1 tl J j J W 4 I 4 t V 1 nr i I SF y 1 1 j i i t c W t 7 ii J tr J. J 01 f t i i r it r. r Ji- Ji n mW t c it I- I I i I t 1 f i 5 1 I H tr S 1 r a S. S 4 fI r S' S I i I. I 1 ij i t f 1 t In C rf Lr I r ning re L a. a I. I es 3 ft li Via 1 t 1 r I J I 1 I t j jj t i r 4 J 1 ri Y y r. r t r-f r f V lit lb th the thet f J f. f r 7 fv s t C j r f sr T f e r I I If i tt Y lt If J Ai 1 r i.- i. I 0 I I. I t J I j i if f j fi IND IAN S r f i t i r y yS j S q A r J. J D p IP ES o of P Peace ea e Smoke This is S Summer in in N North ort ern- ern W Qt Ontario tario 1 v f J. r r. r f t When Canadian J l tJ I I. I j j I j I Emissaries Fare are Forth in in T 1 I r rt Big Big Bees to Barter t I. I i I J. J j j r W. W With t h R Redskins d SinS k for lOT f fI rT ji-rT 5 V- V Valuable Vb b d J. J 4 Tv alua Ie Lan Lands A- A f I tt r r f sd to x S 4 4 i t I i ii r t. t J F Far ar Up v P PIn In in H- H Hd Hudson u d son i fj f Map showing section s' s 1 I t r r of Northern Ontario which is Bay ay Country t. t I x LS y r J i t expected to be thrown open to r e prospectors after negotiations with I q Y r i e r v fj 4 Ga t JL d oy A y tom lC r fie 1 y r J k iy si f G t ts t r r I 1 r A r s i t Z r r k ti S ti r r. r Zy y rAt I d 1 t v by r tir b S d r t v W 1 J r w 11 t v e y y ti w r f. f t k F f. f c ti t 1 3 f v y rod Fn h P f t k kf i t SY E r F. F yi j. j yr f 44 2 F n rr t 1 A alx it 4 I h 4 r S S t t r f 1 r f cJ 1 i f r fr r t Y p q p E J w 4 t f 1 r r V tr sn r IK r J kb y Y J r r rs t fly tY x 1 4 s yC 4 0 ti r Jt Iy J J S 'S 1 r kt r l' l a 4 i v. v l a. a Y w o y i. i rf Qt FV tr t 9 r f. f y 7 r t f F 4 Jr M a f lv V C i i JAr 0 t tM frt y eY i t sF d riY 1 r r 4 S' S t 13 F 1 t a i h y IP h P F 6 k g M kv r T a Jr 4 i t K r t f t. t t i Lv tE Y C ly y r r i N 4 ALI 1 t t. t 3 t v r c F N r 3 M r v r R Ir td r i J FF h Y f tN t c S r t l rr y nG hy st CL s of V. V I I Photo Phot Cana Canadian lan Pacific Railway ni w r A type of Canadian Caladi n Ind Indian in m many ny of whom are wealthy y in their their own h ir own right light through the sale of land Besides paying each I each h r registered giste ed Indian an annual the Canadian Government has on deposit sit in in Ottawa to the account of ofia r Us 5 t l Indian wards wards' more than O r t By James T r HERE will win be many maly sea seaplanes lanes es seen in Northern T Ontario before the summer is over Many of them then f will have important duties to perform in in the toe opening n tup up of a anew new country A great many Indians will wili r receive c ive their first view of the latest of mansea mans man's means means of ea of transportation when the planes roar over over- head head or settle do down wn on unnamed lakes But of all aU the planes plane's which will come come in none I will have as interesting a tale tile to unfold on its return to civi civilization iza- iza tion as that which is to carry the newly appointed G Canadian na Iian Royal Koyal Commission of two who will come com from from out of the sky to smoke the pipe of peace with the Indian an A A large arge tract of land square miles 1 in n extent is to be the basis of the pipe of peace A land unknown unexplored and possibly possessed of unknown a mineral and 1 lumber umber riches lichen is is t to be transferred e rr d q this summer to the Dominion Domi nion of Canada by its Indian India owners owners if the 1 pipe of peace is good A treaty is to be signed by Indian an chi chiefs an and d the representatives rt r of at the Great Beyond the Kin S B the Seas Ever Ever since the fir first st rumors of mineral minera 1 wealth wealth in New that Ontario Ontario that 1 vast ast stretch h of land from Lake Ilak Superior north to the Hudson Ba Bay there Bay Y there has been been been-a a a need of negotiating with the Indians of the northern section of this this t THE HE Indians of the southern section from form the Ue shores of f Lake Superior north to the Albany Albany and Attawapiskat Rivers have each ye year r been receiving that heritage heritage heritage herit- herit herit herit- age which them them was promised on the surrender surrender sur sur- render of their lands But to the north and nd w west t as fir far as the boundary of the Province of M Manitoba vast are areas ares s of ot lake river forest and vand green-clad green rock remain the property of the Indian where h he may may- fish hunt and live as he hen hea n c- c es m any ny a bonanza has been dis discovered covered among these these thousands thousands' of small Islands Surface showings which indicate t to the experienced prospector that here is 15 a land laDd oi ot wealth have made it necessary n that the Dominion of ot Canada and the Provin Province e of 01 Ontario get together the first to negotiate te and nci protect the Indian arid and the second to pa pay the bill bUl which win will allow another rush into the he North lorI lor for I gold ld copp copper r. r zinc and silver slIver This treaty made in an era of fast transportation will utilize the modern and old As did the treaties of or the past this one one will lJ st state t that tha as long as BS the sun aun shines and the rivers flow ow all aU men women and ana na c children pi of present presen t ana Bno future ture generations will wili r receive an annual income of 4 medical care clothing and what whatever ver other assistance the Dominion Government can give them 1 t One of ot of the two Co Commissioners td to fly f Jt 1 1 i. i Y 9 a 0 Y R r G a Y w Jo F 4 y fyr t Jr Q fi r S p K i a y l i ip s k t rut n J f L W F rw c 3 4 fr y J I o t tn Y n Cyr i lP r ra rt y t a r r t r G f z t north wilt Dl bt bl an old gentleman a aman a man in whose eyes kindliness glows glows glows-a a f man m well we l known to the Indians of New Ontario for lor he Is Is' like a father to these thes descendants descendants descend descend- ants of the original inhabitants inhabitants' of tJ tom this 5 continent When he talks talks' oi or Indi Indians it itIs itis t. t is like a a. minister of souse sm small li p parish m talking of his flock nock During the eighteen years that he h he has ha gone north nort to pay the Indians their treaty a money and listen Usten to to- their complaints he tie has learned to know them by name The r e. e hundreds of Indians who gather aroundhim aro around aroundhim him at the various stops on his his' annual pilgrimage are his children He works for them and with them He knows th their lr weaknesses and their pride To taU tall to tito him about the Indian is like discussing a class with a school teacher who Is fond of his pupils and is in t turn m well liked d by them One grasps this not so 80 much from the records for this white haired officials official l is extremely modest modest but rather from the manner In Wh which ch he weaves his story Because it is extremely ely to t travel av 1 swiftly in that country the annual tr treaty y payment trips usually took three months months or more in to years gone gone b by A f few w years agoa ago a a. commercial aviation concern concern suggested t the e air nir router route rouie It was successful and d' the time was cut in halt half rhen Then followed several several sev sev- era eral I years in in which the Ontario t ri Provincial Pro Pro- Provincial Air Force supplied t the 1 p planes anes f for forthe the expedition Last year the flights n now now nowa a 8 regular regula Institution again came Int Into the hands of a a commercial firm farm for tor the De Department De par ment pf of I Indian India n Affairs could ti not t have its Ita forest are tor forest it sir air m force torce take t 4 1 I- I i y i v- v 4 t.-k- t. r f g jS t. n fJ fi J 1 A J I I B A Q 1 t J r tuk At r T A group fot or J Indi Indians j i fl a L Ln i in n r the e Hudson don B Bay y region 1 gion who have gathered gathered- her d from miles from m miles around to o met meet m e et the representative of f the Ute Seas king Gre King Great t-Ki t g the Beyond and r receive receive lve th their lr annu annual al he moneys r gh moneys 1 so so much time from its regular work ork And nd this year yeal theair the ro routes t s' s will i l extend farther and new tribes I will Join those who annually see 5 see plan 8 swoop swoop O P doain down to them thern froni on high to settle bira onta n peace peace- peaceful ful ful fal l lake or ar or river river- riveras r. r as as s previously aria arranged ged The p plane a e Is not rno new e to the the Indian When he first saw It it lie heran ran Iran away to hide and nd h his d dogs gs reached reache a hiding place ahead of him Now liow they they- look atit with almost the same c casualness that a of of- ofa a a flying fi field ld look upon looks a new new hew One chief quaintly q expressed e t his his his' view of th the aerial l. l freighter r only la a big b bee bee- e And indeed that hat is' is flU air lJ it itis is for heard from afar its roar but t a mag l fled ned proportionate bUzz buzz in tn keeping t pl pr proportion proportionate por ion ion- ate size as p re 1 to the sm l l b e. e I 1 Im m HEbig u big g bee b brings w to tl the i THE 11 I Northern Ontario On not only their pay paymaster pay pay- master mast rg general but a doctor land atida a Royal Roya Can Canadian dian Mounted police constable le From tat tar and ancl near the Indians come with t their i Jf wives to see see t the plane land wh whole Je families arri arriving r at t t the appointed oin d camp caran ne near o one o of the h trading posts Early year the old old d t gentleman at Ottawa jI t i i I ri sends a a a aletter letter one onel to each C c chief hi e a f telling him where to to- meet and on on wh what t day the treaty mon money y will t be bep e p Ii paid a ald 1 d. d These l letters l leave e a Ottawa in in J Jan Jannary January Jan nuary n uary nary or February b by dog t team o am arid and are carried north rth far into the interior passing a ing from Croin driver to driver until they are p paced aced in the hands of f the e chiefs to whom they are addressed Wordis Word la is p passed among the tribe some ome of whom ri may ay be beon on their tr or at trading p posts Then weeks before the eventful summer day day trie the Journey begins by c canoe noe and and Po portage ge d down wn northern rivers rivers wh which ch feel teel a canoe paddle only several times a year Seme Score of the the Indi Indian travel o or miles miles' to reach the rendezvous About or Indians IndianS IndianS' meet meet at one place Sometimes mes the tribes are are larger sometimes sometimes some some- times tim s- s smaller but bui throughout the Northland North North- land the Indians convene at centralized trading posts to greet the representative pres of t t the Great Gre Great King B the Beyond y nd the theSe Se s. s Tribes which have grown to number numb r more than are to be subdivided this ye year r. r Lett Letters rs have gone to the chiefs and the I coun councilors to this effect Each has 1 l beer been ce i urged to spread the news so that tribesmen may choose to which h group the they wish to belong And as as they decide th they y will willIn In meet t at atthe the respective places arranged tor bands these hese b bands nc where they where they willbe will willbe be n newly wl I IOn On t the d day Y th that plane lands on r I T t x 1 J Y 7 f t. t Indian chiefs of New O Ontario tario will meet the members of the Canadian r Royal Commission this summer summer to effect effect a treaty which will open up up- to 1 i r the white mUD man more than square miles of virgin territory and will provide pro a rich Heritage for the Indian and his descendants descendants' the water and the actual distribution of oC treaty money money begins every every Indian will dig into his or her clothing for fora a little piece of pap paper r. r That little piece of of manna manila cardboard bears on It his name and his registration number Without it they cannot cannot cannot can can- not get their treaty money The older women keep theirs carefully wrapped up In layers layer of at rag tied d to o a string about their necks It is their meal ticket their most tre treasured possession for does it not denote that the the King e. e Seas looks after the welfare of his Red chil children en HE Indians who will make the treaty T THE with Canada this summer s surrenderIng surrender surrender- Ing tug the theland land which they have held for for Hundreds of years live mainly by hunting and trapping Far removed from civilization tion they have come I In contact with it only through the trading store and the mission house They set their traps in winter and catch most bl Jt t the fur which c comes mes down from that district Their relations with the great trading cO companies such as s the Hudson Bay Company Com Com- Com Company pany Freres Freret Northern Traders and others are most cordial for the Indian has discovered that it pays to todeal todeal deal deaf with the stores rather than with the independent fader t To show how liow true this Is Is the man who Vho takes such uch a fatherly interest in the Northern Indians explained the situation An independent nt trader coming across an Indian with his winters winter's catch will offer him a cash payment for his furs The Indian will say No and t the e trader will wm point out the advantages o of cash cash In In fact tact show him the cash dash But cash has Ihas no value to an Indian The Indian replies that he can get twice that much In cash from the store which Is is' true The independent inde pendent trader cannot compete there ther and the Indian goes to the store where he gets twice hat the Independent trader irader offered H He af can get the cash or take it ou out In supplies He usually does the latter lat lat- la latter ter for cash has to be spent at the store anyhow That is why the company can offer more than the independent trader But remember this An Ari Indian can cango cango go SQ to the store ask for a grubstake food traps clothing ammunition e everything everything and get It When he comes back with his furs the advance Is' Is taken take i out of his fur value But If an Indian is grubstaked and sells to an Independent his chances of getting another grubstake are very slim The Thc taste of ot the Indian for the luxuries of the white man has increased considerably considerably con during the last few years year No longer are the stores stocked only with with the bare necessities of life Ute Where the simple things of life were sufficient unto needs he tie now wants canned foods a aradio radio fancy ancy clothing tha that his white white friends wear good rifles and Just about everything except automobiles Incidentally incK Inci- dentally a pilot who h has done much flying flying ny- ny fly fly- ing lug In the Indian districts of Quebec o tells me that he has bas seen automobiles r 1 F r parked In front yards of at cottages although al although al- al though though- there are no roads within miles miles' r Al f for them to run on But th the white ma mahas man has a a car so the Indian must also aiso have havea a car If it ont only to sit In as s it stands parked In his his' front yard While t the e Indian In-dian lives only In the present pres- pres resent res- res ent ant as his best friend jn in In Ottawa Ottaw remarked re remarked remarked re- re marked marked he is nevertheless a rich man maD The The annual minimum payment In On On- Ontario tario of 4 to each man woman and child chUd running as high as 25 a head in some V Y Vp Aft parts of the prairies is but a mere showing show show- fug ing L of ot the the faith by the white man There is in to trust for I Indians at Ott Ottawa wa some Many of the Western In Indians Indians In r receive as as as' much as a year In interest on money being held for them at Otta Ottawa war Many of them are wealth wealthy farmers tanners Where does the money come com r from you ask I When a treaty |