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Show GEOLOGY, UTE HISTORY TOLD LOCALAUDIENCE Clothed in a beautiful Indian dress of white doeskin elaborately elaborate-ly beaded in turquoise and with intricatel- embroidered moccasins mocca-sins and leggings to complete her costume, Mrs. Ray E. Dill-man, Dill-man, Roosevelt, enthralled afternoon after-noon and evening audiences on March 16 at Bingham high school. Speaking of Indian culture in the Uinta basin, Mrs. Dillman drew from her experiences and knowledge gained in 18 years research in archaeology, anthropology anthro-pology and ethnology to present in an entertaining manner an engrossing en-grossing picture of the Indians who 201)0 years ago made their home in caves of Uinta basin. Her talk was illustrated with manv henutiful colored slides. Mis. Dillman and her sister, Mrs. Homer P. Edwards, Roosevelt, Roose-velt, were guests at the home of Mrs. Edwards' son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Elmo A. Nelson. The student body at Bingham high school was privileged privi-leged to hear Mrs. Dillman at the first lecture and the evening appearance ap-pearance was made before members mem-bers of the Women's Civic club and their guests. Mountains of the Uinta range, which have peaks as high as 15,000 feet, are unique in that they run east and west. In this are also found the oldest form of rock. The entire geological scale is exposed within radius of four of five miles. Mrs. Dillman can match in her collection the rocks which Dr. Frank H. Roberts of Smithsonian Smithson-ian Institute found in New Mexico Mex-ico which date back 10 to 25 thousand years. She also has arrow ar-row heads found in the ribs of a mastodon unearthed in the New Mexico complex which can be matched, by those found in the Pueblo caves in the Basin. The Indians of 2000 years ago were basket makers. They buried their dead in baskets, lived in caves, made string and were not agricultural. They wrote on rocks to leave their history. They were tall of stature with long heads. Because of many wars the men were killed off and the women wo-men saved, thus their culture became be-came intermingled with that of the later Indians. It has not been decided whe-j whe-j ther the Pueblos came north to j the basin because of drought or i whether they left the basin and went south for that reason. They were not nomadic, they built perfect canals and reservoirs, remains re-mains of some of their canals can still be seen in the basin and they are in some respects better than ours. They raised corn, beans squash, tanned hides, made baskets. bas-kets. They dug pits two feet in the ground in which they roasted roast-ed their meats. Dr. Regan of Smithsonian Institute has a theory the-ory that the Pueblos were h(!ad hunters at one time. He bases his theory on the fact that many pictures pic-tures on the rocks show headless bodies and body-less heads dripping drip-ping into pools of blood; also headless skeletons have been unearthed. un-earthed. He thinks the custom of scalping evolves from this. The first petrifide louse was found in the Uinta Basin. Superimposed Superimpos-ed over the Pueblos picture on the rocks are those of the Sho-shones. Sho-shones. They were a short round-headed round-headed people different from the basket-makers. Mrs. Dillman showed many stone axes, hammers and tomahawks toma-hawks showing the stages of improvement im-provement made by each group, from the crude stone hatchets only slightly chipped to the later la-ter ax with a little sharper edge and then the sharpest one tied with buckskin thongs to a stick. The Pueblos had sticks to plant corn also bread sticks. Mrs. Dillman found writings in the. basin which she believes to be Aztec in origin. She searched search-ed for four-and-a-half, years for a cross which she knew to be within a radius of two miles from these writings. She was rewarded by finding a bone cross, also a figurine high on a ledge protected protec-ted by sticks and situated under shelving rock to protect it from wind and sun. These she believes to be Aztec because the Aztec sign, six beads on one side and seven on the other, are carved on (Continued on page eight) the woman; two rowTlT I weaving denoted fertilif.5 two more rows of black denoted the man. They!"1 weaving open at one 12 the evil spirits out. MT says the Indians do non-i pattern but the desion. ways perfectly spaced" A Legend : ' f At first God was a mil j man among many w dS, longed for another man , 't with Him. So H, sain V J make a man". They gather"? and fashioned a man and ' into bake, left him too 7rt: I he baked black. He u tfif I man. They fashioned J1 . man and didn't bake W ' enough and he came o i and half baked, tie is Zv i man. The third man wj " a beautiful golden brown1 l the Indian, thing. They pitch the inside of the baskets to make them waterproof. water-proof. Their baskets are of several sev-eral different weaves and materials. mater-ials. They cook their rood in baskets bas-kets on hot rocks. They have a unique fire stick and often cook in the cists left by the Pueblos. Their food is partially composed of seeds, preserved pre-served and dried, sunflower seed cakes are a delicacy. In the fall they gather the seeds in shallow baskets .work them with their hands and let the wind blow a-way a-way the chaff. They make medicine medi-cine out of buffalo horns, bowls from pine and cottonwood treated treat-ed with beaver oil to prevent chipping. Dried meat of the buffalo, buf-falo, elk and venison are kept in tanned, gaily painted skins. Nothing is wasted, the bones art-ground art-ground up and boiled and the water fed to children in place of milk. Their cereals are dried berries and choke cherry pit cakes. These are also used to thicken meat gravy. The Utes were pottery makers. Mrs. Dill-man Dill-man has in her collection a pottery pot-tery bowl valued at $500. The clothing consists of rabbit rab-bit skin robes, animal skins, some sage brush skirts. These skirts look something like the grass skirts worry by the islanders. island-ers. The material is soft but tough. When the Spaniards came they brought lovely shawls which the Indians copied also the lovely love-ly bead work. They made necklaces neck-laces of bones and a marvelous suitcase made of tanned buffalo skins. They have hairbrushes made from porcupine quills and each tribe combs the hair differently. dif-ferently. The angle at which a brave wears his eagle feather has a meaning. If it is erect he is first in battle, out at the side second, drooping down his buck, last. They have a few musical instruments. in-struments. Their love flute is something like our clarinet. It is made from an eagle wing and a drum of buffalo hide stretched over cottonwood bark and gaily painted. The Utes had a marriage ceremony. cere-mony. The bride was given a basket bas-ket shaped like a tepee. The center cen-ter represented the home; two rows of black weaving denoted GEOLOGY, UTE HISTORY TOLD L0CALAUD1ENCE (Continued from page one) the figurine. She also found a stone tablet with the Indian death sign and moon in different positions. po-sitions. Mrs. Dillman stated that the Utes have been accused by the world of being dirty and lazy. Knowing this, they have withdrawn with-drawn themselves and will not talk to strangers and will trick them if they can. By many years of patient labor and kind deeds Mrs. Dillman has won their confidence con-fidence and the tribe has given her the Indian name of the "woman "wo-man who loves baskets". She has over 100 in her collection, made by old squaws. Mrs. Dillman says she has not found the Utes dirty or lazy. Utes were at one time. nomadic and are a basket loving people. Tfiey have baskets for every- |