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Show ILL WATER 10 I llESTil Large Areas of Fertile Desert Des-ert Land Made Productive Produc-tive by Pumping. Geologists Hunt for Means of Saving Subterranean Supply. WASHINGTON, Sep!. II. In so-tihern California hundreds of Iboiisands orates of land, Including many of the mos: valuable valu-able orange orchards, are irrigated with water obtaineJ from wells. Koine of these wells have artesian flows, but most of tiiern are pumped, chiefly wl-.ii iarse cen-trifutral cen-trifutral pumps driven hy gaso.-.ae engii.es or ei'-ctric motors. Many o; ei;; furnish several hundred ill-.ns of water a minute during ions perlous of pumpu A. si-ia'.e well mav deliver enousn water to Imitate a few hundred acres of ur-.-r.ar.: that produces annually many tnousanus o' dollars worth of fruit. In the tasterii part of the United Suites water is se.-iom se.-iom pumped out of the earth la quantities quanti-ties so greau Pumping Lowers Water Level. This heavv pumping throuch'.ut the ir- rieation s-ason must necei-if.r:.;.- deplete . t'-e "upphes of ground water, .and tre ' deletion is indkaled by a sraduai low- j eriiii! of t.-.e ground-water levci as tne j i: miner advances, so that the water in ; the wells mav stand many feet jowtr in j t'.'e fall than in the sprlr.s. In t.-.e win- i ter w hen most ot the pumping :o: ped ; ami the rams replenish the subterranean ; sunplies. the water leve. creeps s.r.w.y ; ubward again toward tne mars of j the previous spring. The irrigators of the re -.0:1. however. 1 understand mat the vah:a:e v.ner &up- pi its ;a;-p.--d bv their wei:s are no: ::ex- ha-stibiG tnd it is w::h no .-.ie cur!os,:y , that thev ask how the water irvei o: j t'-e last "sprinp com r arcs w;i;i the water j level- of ten years atro, w.-.at have teen; the effects of very we; or very cry w;n- t ters on the v.-ait-r ievel. how n.ar.y thou- ' and3 of acre-feet of water are purr.r.eo . in a given valley in a year, new many, tonr.ds of acre-fo-; se-p into t..e errih ; to recrarce the yahte-ranean reservoirs eah winter, and wnat can be done to r-r- i vp-.t waste rf ground water ana 10 srraa thA flood waters so as to jr.crease tne j seepage Into the earth. Scientific Studies Made. To answer these and other niactn'ai ; questions rtiatin- to p round water coin- . pr-hens.ve surveys must Le rr.a.te an : a ( "iiVft observations a:id m-o? - remer.-.e rr.-t be continued for a le ner:o 1. tor, manv venrs the prohk-rr. rehitir.p to , ground water in Cah: orr.:a ten under invent ication by the I r.: a tate? j tre-'.-'Pia; survey, dprtnt'-n: rr 1.-. , t.-r:"-r '.n oo-operatio:i with the cc--art- 1 men: "of encinerinp of the st::e of hui- : V.-n' i and a nur.ibe- :" i.a:-r-'jr;y ; ir.t--c h ive hr-en r.-;b':p'"f'-. whi'-h r-'e , he da"- cbta-rec. dis--:ss th-? sicrlfican-A of t'.e data, nni -"ive pract.a1. a-:vke w-ir. j r-pe-:: to the :'.:h an1 efficient u:i..za- , tion of the ground water. Report Just Issued. Tb.e 'ate.-t r"ct on the crour.i water? j of snuthe.-n California. ;'i.-i -ssued. was; vrdared by wera d A. W.ir.uc and covers; the Sr-ti Jac:nto ard T-.-n ,e -.:'.a : asins. It' ron'Hir. a jjnerai de rition of the ce-ok-ev and w.-ter res.-',:rc-.s of t':e roc".. in and " a detailed do? :rir t -ov. o t .:e sro : nd waters 1 n e a " h of 0 T e v r. districts i n : q I which the region is riivded. It t.vfs r,rn-1 r,rn-1 parative data on the sr. und-w.-.ter leveip ! in the period from 1 4 to It'lo and d:s-'.(-vce? the "onoitirnp a:! r-c-pot in ea-'a di It s:vps info-rta-h-n. r.n i f artesian ba.r.s. t e :rr: pat ion d -velopnients. the quality o:' the water, and the distribution of a Ik ii:. It a! so contains con-tains h e results of p 1 : r. p ' n z tests a : d a d : s 0 ; ? s i o n 1 y H er m an Stable- of h e factors affecting the cost of r un-.r in-tr. The report cc ers pac--1? and fn.lunts three 'a'e map" of the recin and o:her : ;-:s-t -a '.ions. The m;?ps show th.A topesrna-h v. ! ceo'oca forTnationf. artsutn ba:n. ! fb'-'a'i'.s to v ater in 1 f " -4 and ; ' 1 1. o ." we. Is and :rr.u;-1 '.on "vor hs, and j l;u -ds i:rii:at.-J in n.l .-.-j T'-is i -'o-;. vir.-h is ru'h? i a -I W'a'cr-upply Fan-r 4 ?:. - - ' ohtni:-.-.-' I 0olo & ical su.rvey. Was'. ;-.i;;o::. P. C. |