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Show THIRTY CENTURIES W BOLSHEVISM LOOJTDOWN ON US CopyrleM. 1010. by Public Idgrer Co. m 'l a IWc if about the prophecies of Apoui is the hotcp IV" should have felt these peace- built it fair and white and shining in a J9 fcfsir? ; iyj n'V I 1 lSr-f1!' I i & I af'' l'ia a rlort'on them, translated ful inclinations, for be was King of beautifully curved bay formed by the I J)' llsti' jJA I V gf T-W'l I S m I by H. C. Lauge. was read in Berlin Egypt and there stretched behind him a Nile in a long, gentle sweep. Around I m I IB f-'t j I L 'VI i lli f I S j not many years before Berlin declared long tradition of warlike mouarchs and the cliffs framing the bay he placed at L -J ill &3r V I VP if J ""' 'i V'' 1 I 1 n'l 1 If' I vJ iff Ml I W3r 0U c'v'"zatlon- I' i8 as true vanquished tribes. He was the sou of intervals stone tablets covered with Q vfbti Ma "IS f - ' - ; fl fefk i I II II ilf I A I Yil kzfl&M I today as it was in ancient Egypt that Anieuhotep the Magnificent, whose hieroglyphs of praise to Aton and with T II I: ftvif' VP ' ! - '' J V'''l C r If II ftV W !0rB I Z tyranny leads to anarchy. But the dauntless spear had flashed more that other glyphs giving the information that A A .' ufeappiNJ B fpl f ""St " i "'"'j?ffl (I VljJ ( X mil V F1' S J Berlin Academy of Sciences listened once in battle. But he was the son this was Aton's city. I Nitwl 111 J Jf $ ' W'j it wi jL k?t I tgy J A V Bl'nSS placidly to Lauge's lecture and then also of Queen Tiy. heroine of a ro- To Aton's city the king retired with lVfciy III rLl M -J 5V 'vJM fp KJ J f--kaS WtUt ,,,aoi,11y hmn" as bliud ao'l mance in 15(10 B. C. which is not sur- his court. He made a vow never to UVVvT III Jfo3rll I r"l 1 f W ?ri fMI f'l MffJ A kaiser-ridden as it had come. Apoui passed by auy dr..matic tale of later eave nis saCred town, but to remain. III lll I 1 W J g V'jj; kfm. f A jl S l t f i. I lias haJ a marvelous vindication, in- times. there always in study of the divine nn y&jSwbOl I I j ifl jl M $ZMllll a 1 V r'tiSSa iw6' Not the daughter of a nobleman, or in worship. Though hardly "more than X Mill lfiMCiMh M li Hk'u ' Psv, ; I tOYpr I 1 Strangers, so the old Egyptian went at least not the daughter of the Egyp- a boy when he uttered this promise to lltjn II I Iff llW $ "T iif'-V J S'7V wfC 'ft A f gr&SBI on to foretell, ivill invade fertile lands, tian aristocracy, Tiy nevertheless found his god, Akhnaton, so far as is known, Ifl' fP?'4Sd I f! f ' 'r'llB ySslfi Wfc , Bl i!V f quenching any resistance with mas- such favor in the sight of the dread never broke his word. The oppressive Iff I pf It i JF f f 0 U (V AC hwtJSm mcTQ- Serfs aufI laborors- released- Pharaoh that he disregarded the strict formalities of the Pharaoh's court were WW I Ss l 1 J'l lf 11 ' I I El ia 1.11 feW J$?f from oppression, will thrust out their etiquette of the day and took her as hIa largely eliminated. Happy in the love f'M ;J c8 V 1 H ' H s 1 J Ax ?ffV-i?iMMI m"StCrS- Wife- bttrpened to be that rarest 0f his wife and of his children-who Jl1 lf'kl if ' II 1 ;t ti I V 4 fhM$i& f "T1"'y W'" 'laUg K,d' Iapis'lazuli' of things among royalty, even m those played even on the steps of the throne SMwl tWOk I' 7 I liViifj I' 3 V (Tvi fFl&a f silver, carneliau, malachite, round the times, a love match.. Throughout his Akhnaton gave himself up to persistent StfSM' W&&kSi if f f ;I 71 I VAV 4JV V necks of their wives " Apoui declared. reign, Anienhotep III proved himself 6tudy of Aton's desires toward man- B, M'A TSSyl I v vx $kPAiA I f "while princesses will be thrown mto devoted to Ins queen. He consulted her kiu(L Mflli&LL Ifl I L I J W ?fl l j. $rfSg$IL vfj, Vv tfi'fJrS the street and high-born dames will upon matters of deep import, occasions fSfT'fill ft ""JtLH 'f Wl(uj".viil' -if-- v..J I f W'W ' (jJlt iizkt B say. 'If only we had something to on which her wise counsel never failed An Early Day Democracy llPPf SfK I v 1 1 ' - I k J I H I i " rf V B eat!'" him. To please her he built the palaces To understand how informal and teWl I t VA ft?' I 'Mi V '"M 1 ' I I ! K'XVi'f H Calling Down Wrath on the Mighty and pleasure gardens that won him the radical was the life at the court of , IW 1 U IV 'Hi I yfiltiV Vf I I kt-kl B v- . . i m k title of Magnificent. Akhnaton, one must remember with lIPl ' ft v 3 .111 A Vfa Hh A rWf , h .erarch y w,ll be u might ke supposea thllt the son of v.-ht pomp and awe the previous A M t S ' J SLm Pl' Jli BPare, P0'" H th.tartl.ng 8 and lovely woman would Pharaohs had been surrounded ilf J ijf i WiBi' V!Vi ? "l I sooiahsm-cverythmg wh.ch exlst., 8upPosion "Dread" was the adjective most often ' Pil fMM fl l J i I i w.ll be destroyed. Ihere will be no re whM Py ,mow bestowed upon the king. The subject fell MfMM S Uf lrM Al " ThT8oSn o78reVne ; Sin, wi W to have been a Syrian and WorsMp- feU P-rate bfre the throne, ah.ued i f M'c) mL'Jk m IS ZlSZX. fhiT and U SyrUn. rested h,s n-other ohons of reverene C M l UfelW FCV i I T will be desecrated by sacrilegious hands, ".ore strongly than he d,d h,s ather. Pharaoh was not merely the temporal XJtZd XY Jrm 5 J The books of the sanctuary will be taken He inherited Tiy's broader re W nferf H&"'A-Z!. , ,, . . . .,, views and perhaps, the fact that he utterance of it. He was also the i,;i SK-' 1 teus snnnes w, ';JJ. ' Mm thc livelier uaI ruler, and in the heat Vf w . of Aton so far as did the young In an agony of explanation, of warn- By II. C. NOKKIS about thc prophecies of Apoui is the fact that a portion of them, translated by II. C. Eange. was read in Berlin not many years before Berlin declared war on civilization. It is as true today as it was in ancient Egypt that tyrauuy leads to anarchy. But the Berliu Academy of Sciences listened placidly to Eauge's lecture aud then went placidly home as bliud and kaiser-ridden as it had come. Apoui has had a marvelous vindication, indeed. in-deed. Strangers, so the old Egyptian went on to foretell, will invade fertile lands, quenching any resistance with massacre. mas-sacre. Serfs and laborers, releaf d from oppression, will thrust out their masters. "They will hang gold, lapis-lazuli, silver, carneliau, malachite, round the Decks of their wives." Apoui declared, "while princesses will 'be tiirown into the street and high-born dames will say. 'If only we had something to eat !' " Calling Down Wratli on the Mighty Not even the h.erarchy will be spared. Apoui speaks with startling socialism everything which exists will be destroyed. There will be no more taxes, no more privileges. "The son of some one of standing will no longer be preferred to him who is the son of one of no rank. Temples wdll no longer be respected. Holy things will be desecrated by sacrilegious hands. The books of the sanctuary will be taken away, aud the mysterious siirines will be unveiled . The archives will be opened and the titles to property stolen. Violence will rule in all places. ""Woe to me. on account of the triumph tri-umph of evil !" A king, Apoui proceeds, will try to restore peace in his kingdom. But he is doubted, and with him fall the aristocratic aristo-cratic clusses who relied upon his strength. "Behold, the rich man sleeps without with-out having been able to quench his thirst, while he who was reduced to beg a little sour wine is now the owner of well-tilled jars. The owner of fine stuffs has now only rags, but he for whom none wove is possessor of flue muslins. He who could not build for himself the poorest sort of boat is master of granaries full of grain, and he who possessed granaries has not even a boat. "He who lacked watermelons now possesses them, and those who had them are now empty as air. He who lacked bread has now a granary and his larder is full with what lately belonged to another. an-other. He wdio had his head shaved, and lacked perfumed essences, is now rich in pots of sweet-smelling myrrh. The beggar-woman who had no other mirror than the water now paints her eyes before a beautiful looking glass. The poor man who could not obtain a pair of oxen for his plow suddenly possesses a wdiole herd. The laborer without one slave is master of hundreds of servants." How clearly the figure of Trotzky of the East Side, dictator to Russia, rises at these words! "The rich man of former days is seated as a hanger-on before the table of him who was poor." At last there will come an end to this period of terror and change. Apoui prophesies the return of prosperity. A leader raised up by God is to appear, to bring "fresh water for the burning flames." This leader "is the shepherd of all men, who has no evil in his heart, and when his flock goes astray, Bpends the day in seeking it." A Pacifist in Ancient Egypt Under the guidance of this man, who will be both soldier and administrator, peace will return; social life will revive; re-vive; "and thc highways will be safe." Strangely, indeed, do these words peer forth from the stained and crackling papyruB above which Apoui bent, so many ages ago. But it was not merely of bolshevism and uproar that the ancient Egyptians thought. One of them was a pacifist, in the good sense which that word had once. He loved-jjeace. He hated strife. He actually felt that all nations might live together in a harmony unbroken by war. It is the more remarkable that Amen- built it fair and white and shining in a beautifully curved bay formed by the Nile iu a long, gentle sweep. Around the cliffs framing the bay he placed at intervals stone tablets covered with hieroglyphs of praise to Aton and with other glj phs giving the information that this was Aton's city. To Aton's city the king retired with his court. He made a vow never to leave his sacred town, but to remain there always in study of thesdivine and in worship. Though hardly more than a boy when he uttered this promise to his god, Akhnaton, so far as is known, never broke his word. The oppressive formalities of the Pharaoh's court were largely eliminated. Happy in the love of his wife and of his children who played even on the steps of the throne Akhnaton gave himself up to persistent study of Aton's desires toward mankind. man-kind. An Early Day Democracy To understand how informal and radical was the life at the court of Akhnaton, one must remember with what pomp and awe the previous Pharaohs had been surrounded. "Dread" was the adjective most often bestowed upon the king. The subject fell prostrate before the throne, shielded his eyes from the splendor of his sovereign, sover-eign, and during the audience uttered broken ejaculations of reverence. Pheraoh was not merely the temporal ruler, whose wish became law with the utterance of it. He was also the spiritual spirit-ual ruler, aud in the heat of his displeasure dis-pleasure he could, if he desired, con-derau con-derau to eternal suffering in the next world the soul of the hapless culprit It can readily be understood, therefore that Pharaoh was not a person with whom to become unduly familiar. This pomp and fearsomeness seemed absurd to Akhnaton. He had no desire to be dreaded. So iri his shining white city there grew up a democratic uu-trammeled uu-trammeled kind of life far different from anything the Upper or Lower Nile had ever seen. Fragments of a pavement from Akhuatou's palace indicate the simplicity of ceremonials with which the visionary young king moved through his court and the city that grew up about it. One can imagine him, dark and tall, superb in vivid muslins and glittering jewels, pacing among his courtiers along some cool colonuade his eyes earnest and somber and filled with dreams. The pavement fragments show him with his wife and children in attitudes bespeaking both unconventional freedom free-dom and unconventional depth of affection. affec-tion. His children had no terror of the Pharaoh as they frisked about the palace pal-ace rooms. In one bas-relief Akhnaton is shown holding his wife upon his knee a most unheard-of attitude for royalty to assume when posing for the official sculptor. Take them all in all, they were an unusual and appealing family. Each day these royal devotees of Aton must have watched with awe and worship while the fiery sun rolled through the heavens. And musing upon the daily miracle led Akhnaton to the belief that since all men equally were warmed and benefited by the sun's rays, since to .all men equally were given the fruits and other good things which the sunlight brought into being, then all men were in a sense brothers, sons of Aton, and should live in peace together. , What? A League of Nations! It is not difficult to imagine such a plan in this day and generation. But the thought is a flash of sunshine across the dark centuries, filled with ceaseless wars and conquest, that preceded Akhnaton and followed him. "Let all nations dwell in peace with one another," Akhnaton said in effect, and made the idea part of his new religion. re-ligion. "Let there be a pact, or league, to preserve the peace. Let disputes be settled by appeal to a court, not by appeal to arms." While he dwelt in the city of Aton, planning a new code for all nations, his mother practically ruled his kingdom. king-dom. A wise and benign ruler, she bad the common-sense frame of mind which her son lacked. It seems clear that the qucen-motitfr did not carry her wor- hotcp IV" should have felt these peaceful peace-ful inclinations, for he Was King of Egypt aud there stretched behind him a long tradition of warlike mouarchs and vanquished tribes. He was the son of Anieuhotep the Magnificent, whose dauntless spear had flashed more thnp ouce in battle. But he was the son also of Queen Tiy. heroine of a romance ro-mance iu 15(10 B. C. which is not surpassed sur-passed by auy dramatic tale of later times. Not the daughter of a nobleman, or at least not the daughter of the Egyptian Egyp-tian aristocracy, Tiy nevertheless fouud such favor in the sight of the dread Pharaoh that he disregarded the strict etiquette of the day aud took her as his wife. It happened to be that rarest of things among royalty, even in those times, a love match.. Throughout his reign, Anienhotep III proved himself devoted to his queen. He consulted her upon matters of deep import, occasions on which her wise counsel never failed him. To please her he built the palaces and pleasure gardens that won him the title of Magnificent. It might be supposed that the son of such a capable aud lovely woman would be a bit unusual. The supposition grows into certainty when you know Tiy to have been a Syrian and worshiper worship-er of the Syrian sun-god, Aton. The young Anienhotep IV,- half Egyptian and half Syrian, resembled his mother more strongly than he did his father. He inherited Tiy's broader religious views, and. perhaps, the fact that he was half foreign gave him thc livelier appreciation of the emotions and rights of other nations. Young Anienhotep hnd careful upbringing up-bringing under thc personal supervision of his mother. Even iu his early days she taught him the beautiful sun-worship which at that time made the Syrian nation au object of religious abhorrence to the Egyptian priesthood, with its sacred bull and its sacred cat. its Isis and Osiris and lesser godlings. The result of Tiy's instruction proved startling. When Anienhotep the Magnificent Mag-nificent died and had been escorted magnificently to his marvelous tomb, the new Pharaoh electrified all Egypt and horrified all thc religious cults by making mak-ing the worship of Aton the official religion of his realm. Tributes to (he Sun God Many- a time he must have floated round thc big pleasure lake built by his father for his mother. More than once he must have made these cool and pleasant journeys on the queen's barge, a sumptuous structure covered with goldleaf, which she had named Aton-gleams. Aton-gleams. Perhaps the name appealed to him. At any rate, since he no longer worshiped Ptah or the other Egyptian gods, he decided to have a name which would proclaim him a devotee of the Syrian deity. So he changed his name to Akhnaton. The sun god Aton came very near to being an infinite deity, everywhere present, pres-ent, whose power made the earth and all that it contained. Akhnaton did not worship the actual disk of the suu. He reverenced the something behind the power of the sun's rays, the something that had made the sun itself. Contemplation of this supreme power, which poured so many benefits upon the world, made Akhnaton feel that men should try to comprehend the deity which held them iu its beneficent grasp, instead of devising means to kill one another. The thought of infinity made him impatient, too, of the cumbrous etiquette hedging the Egyptian court. He felt how little was the glory of even the mightiest king on earth compared with that glory of which the earth was but one manifestation. A very progressive pro-gressive and enlightened man, this far-aw-ay boy who was born to the most splendid throne of the ancient world. A new religion needs a new home. Akhnaton decided that religious matters were more important than material things. He felt more interest in the growth of his soul than in the expansion of his empire. The old cities, clogged with their quaint gods and savage goddesses, god-desses, were not fine enough for this Aton, who gleamed behind the sunlight. Akhnaton built himself a new capkal, ship of Aton so far as did the young monarch. She remained in the old capital, and probably looked with some disquiet upon the fanaticism into which the faith of Akhnaton developed. If Akhnaton had been born into a noble family, instead of a royal one, he might have founded a cult of peace that would have exerted a profound influence in-fluence ou Egyptian history. Instead of the rapacious, ruthless conqueror, Egypt might have become a prophet of gentleness and equitj, an example to the whole world of fair dealing and concord. con-cord. But Tranquillity Was Overthrown But Akhnaton, too gentle to be king, was too royal to be priest. Much as he struggled to forget his scepter, his subjects would remember it. They wouldn't permit him to be the founder of a cult. Because he was king they refused to take his religious teachings seriously. What they wanted on the throne was a sovereign not a fanatic. On behalf of the Egyptian people, it must be admitted that as a king Akhnaton was a good visionary. He failed as thoroughly in ruling his land as he succeeded in planning the rule of an amazingly democratic peace. There were half a dozen nations uuder the Egyptian yoke at this time. These nn-tions nn-tions were ruled by local governors who collected tribute and settled quarrels. Egypt, outside the actual Nile valley, was like a mosaic of brilliant stones, various in shape, substance and size, and cemented by the power of the Egyptian Egyp-tian army. While Tiy lived, things went on with a fair degree of smoothness. But at her death the far-flung bits of nations began be-gan to realize that the king had no interest in a government by force. He did not seek to impose the imperial will of great Egypt upou the little nations. He came very near to believing in self-determination. self-determination. Gradually, through Akhnaton's entire neglect of military things, the Egyptian army found itself drilling day after day on the sands of its native land, never exercising itself by expeditions into the provinces. The cement began to crumble, the mosaic to disintegrate. Again and again Akhnaton's officers hastened to the city of Aton, begging the Pharaoh to send them into the conquered con-quered territories which were so swiftly becoming turbulent. Frantic with apprehension, ap-prehension, the warriors in their clanging clang-ing brazen breast-plates and metal-ornamented metal-ornamented sandals, would be ushered into the sunny hall where Akhnaton had his throne. They would find the young visionary playing with his children. Or he would lift a quiet gaze from some roll of papyrus whereon his scribes had set down a scheme for holding nations together in peace, not in a martial grip. In an agony of explanation, of warning, warn-ing, of discreet reproach, the bard-headed fighting men would state their case. Nubia needed punishing she had refused re-fused tribute. The Ilittites were grown insolent, plundering the precious caravans cara-vans laden with wares for the merchants mer-chants of Memphis. Palestine murmured, mur-mured, aud the Ethiopians flamed into revolt. "Thine armies are ready. O king. The foot-soldiers are well drilled and armed ; the charioteers await the signal. Grant us leave to march, and march quickly, ere it be too late." To all entreaties Akhnaton returned kind and negligeut replies. The word "peace" was much on his lips. His officers no better fighters in the ancient an-cient world went away sullen aud discouraged. dis-couraged. In the blazing heat they had drilled their troops, kept them rigidly up to the standard of perfection. At a word from the throne they could sweep into the disloyal territories like a whirlwind, whirl-wind, spreading devastation, but after the tempest making way for quietness. From the throne, so long as Akhnaton held it, that word never came. Ths nobles, pretending to accept his sun-worship, sun-worship, idled around the palace. Distant Dis-tant rumbles of trouble in the provinces died away upon the sunny, perfume-heavy perfume-heavy air. And Akhnaton, adoring ths sun, pondering upon his papyrus, thought long aud golden thoughts. Disruption and Disaster Upon his death Egypt returned with a leap to the worship of the elder gods. Scarcely had Akhnaton reached his tomb before the cily of Aton was deserted. Back to Thebes and Memphis hurried the couriers. Into emptiness,' decay and desolation fell the silent palace and the unteuauJ d city. And out of Egypt, like a thunderbolt, smashed the avenging aveng-ing Egyptian army, stunning the riotous provinces by the suddenness and fury of its blow. Yet not till after a long and difficult struggle did war regain what peace had lost. The name of Akhnaton in this critical time became anathema. II is monuments were defaced. At last the popular rage grew so intense that loyalists loyal-ists stole the Pharaoh's body from his sepulchre and hid it from the vengeance of the nation. So, in disruption and disaster, ended the first scheme for world peace. The world was not ready for the ideas of the dreamer. Is it ready today? Whatever the answer to that question may be, there is a singular interest for a perplexed globe at this moment in Apoui and Akhnaton. They are the spiritual ancestors of the people who make Russia and Hungary a red waste today, and1 those who would stem th bloody torrent with an olive brangh. IV T t w as the Bolshevist is, lie s as old as the Pyramids. Modern as the league of nations may be, it's as ancient as the Sphinx. Both of them the Bolshevist Bol-shevist aud the world -peace advocate-came advocate-came from Egypt. They were born when the pyramids were young and the Sphinx a fledgling. Every now and then the ancestor of S modern invention is discovered somewhere some-where among the ruins that make the banks of the Nile a treasure house for history. The manufacture of glass, the plumbing for a bathtub, little notions lor heating rooms or cooling Ihem from time to time these have been discovered in Egypt just as tho world was congratulating congrat-ulating itself on being up to date. Aud now, with recent probings into the rubbish rub-bish piles that once were palaces there come to light the original Bolshevist and the original prophet of permanent peace. It seems strange that three thousand years ago, iu a world full of both kings t aud wars, people should have found Y time between doing obeisance and wag- ' ing battles to think of social upheaval or of peace foundations. But the fact that somewhere round ITiOO B. C. there were people who thought of both things only goes to provo that humankind is pretty human after all, no matter what the century or country. The Bolshevik of Pharaoh's days was jusr. as thoroughgoing thorough-going as thc Russian Bed of the year 1910. And the man who wanted all nations to live in peace was as earnest about it in ancient Thebes as any one in the Paris of now. Ho Was tho First Bolshevist Apoui was the Bolshevist. Iu those days they called him a prophet. Egypt, like Judca, had her prophets and they were both the true aud the false. Not a great deal is known about Apoui, aside from his prophecies. He must have been a man of courage, for his pronouncements were anything but cheerful news for a Pharaoh to hear. He lived in the twelfth dynasty, did Apoui. and he hadn't the slightest bit of approval for the frivolous day and generation wherein he dwelt. A dark-skinned, dark-skinned, stern-browed man be must have been, doubtless robed in the flowing flow-ing aud bright-colored garments befitting be-fitting a man of note, his sandals perhaps per-haps touched with gold. In the hot sunshine le made a glowing figure as be passed moodily along the Nile bank, turning upon the painted palaces and the thronging streets a baleful and a warning glance. All about him seethed the vivid life of the richest nd strongest empire in the world. He looked at it with brown, burning, eyes that saw beyond .it saw into a fate so exactly like that which has overtaken over-taken Germany aud Russia that the resemblance is nothing short of astounding. Despite the sonorous ring of his voice, despite the fact that Pharaoh listened, the careless Egyptian crowd probably laughed behind its fans at the blackness of his prediction. Absurd! Ab-surd! How could such a topsy-turvy chaos come upon a laud where the government was so solid, where the aristocracy had been knelt to for a thousand years? Back to the lotus garden went the crowd, back to feasting-in the palace and twining garlands about the lissome arms of Fteeta. Leave to Print But Apoui would not he silenced. If the people declined to listen as thoughfully and as long as he desired, then he would' write down his prophecies, proph-ecies, and let time be the vindicator. vindica-tor. 1 He did so. He wrote the predictions pre-dictions iu polished literary style on a roll of papyrus. Two or three thousaud years later an archeologist dug up the manuscript. manu-script. He dug it up, to show it to an age struggling with the same kind of social revolution which Apoui foretold. The papyrus is badly damaged by its sojourn uuder dirt and ruins. But enough of it remains to prove that Apoui anticipated things by about thirty centuries. He anticipated the overturn of society, the snapping of family ties, the deep despair of whole nations. "The fields will no longer be cultivated," culti-vated," Apoui put down carefully on his papyrus, perhaps raising a moody face to look upon the rich fields spread before him at t the moment; "each man will say, 'What is the use of it? Do we not know what is going to happen to the land?' "People of lowly rank will become the possessors of all the valuables, eo that he who lacked the wherewithal to procure himself a pair of sandals will be the owner of granaries full of grain. "Terrible epidemics will break out, which will attack all classes alike. The plague will lay hold. There will be bloodshed everywhere. "The rich will lament, the poor will rejoice, and all the cities will say : 'Let us drive out the powerful from among ns.f The expulsion will not take place without resistance, and civil war will desolate " Is not this a rather clear picture of what has happened in Berlin? And not the least extraordinary thirg |
