| Show A PECULIAR CITY Pizirro the ExSwineherd and I His City of the Three Kings I TilE EMESALD VALLEY OF EDIAE I S HI ze of 1 a Magttalcna The Once Lovely V illase of illratloncs Peruvian Bark and Its Virtues L Peru Kov 25 i 1SOO Special cor rc = r ifcinie of Tnt HDUJUI Pizarro > cJtsvmiherd must have been rather 1 u i lor lames when he dubbed his Pe o T tauJtal La Cufdad de lot Trc Rcges ut C tj of the Three Kings It cameL came-L L tui this way After he bed subdued l I tlm royal brothers who claimed the L1 1 iroio and treacherously strangled 4 otir ho found little difficulty in con rinL Cu 20 the splendid City of Gold < c 7 b was at that time the capital of Peru 3 sunn as tie and his few European fol ers a band of drunken adventurers 4rii < r a a was glad to be rid of bad t t J eriselves with the vast treasures r La p ir < they marched westward not EU 3d r reartsh of new worlds to con j a find a more convenient spot in 1 L i enjoy their illgotten gain They t ut Ih i being surrounded on all sides c to luOans who although conquered ui Lered them a hundred to one but I I rrcd to be within sight of the sea their the-ir al highway that led toward home li S iVClULD TA1AET OF EIMAE ttb a rer running through it the ocean i lJ i and the towering Andes on the + i A tiMiiUned all the advantages they E M ht S i hero they established the see i c bi iiisu city of South America which 1 am v to be one of the proudest and stu ar > us capitals of those profligate c L 3 lid continued to be the seat of a cor ri I k icert ral court for throe ceuturies i i nprned that Pizarro designated its I auary 6 15i5oid style the day f v < nal olUm plJJllany Jrtnemml 5tt1 I our Saviour to the Magi who i iv mines version of the 2sew Tests r i J v K Jed tbeWo Men from the t ot ji 3 known in all the old Spanish ri ins as the Three Kings Hence h VL a tremendous celebration of that i tin Epiphany and christened his c t 0 accordingly Then Carlos V oft i < of-t over not only his benediction a Tvtulations but added some cern uii words to its already ponderous t as it The Most Noble and Most i CM of the Three KiDgSSO it apr ap-r > c rs i original charter and formally c 1 ppropriate coat of arms three p 1 i ovns for the three kings and a L a on an azure field in memory of + j st i y iich led them to the spot where t Child lay j 11 was altogether too long a title 1 < Jay use and so the easygoing S rs Ceil into a tiabitof calling it the t i Jiimae the latter being the ae valley in which it stands I 3 i Quichua word the past partic r c of t i eA rimay to speak and in this i i it referred to a famous oracie Of l t is ivho = e shrine was in the valley r u1 c JIOTLK those extensive ruins that a i seen near the present < 11 LAGE OF L4 MAODAIEKA r ii or of whom the river end sur country was named The Mind of the letter r much like i J and so it is not strange that i ths of another race it soon bet be-t > u stormed to Liinae and then to i r many years the river was called A but somehow it got back to its i t L nomen It is a small and quiet rough most of the year except u 0 summer months the season of V ows and rains among the moun i k l e it rises when it swells into a c it and turbulent torrent whose le resembles the Missouri inS in-S e It is as essential to the valley ci > Nile to lower Egypt and indeed o t Lima would long ago have dried > ad i sappearcd from this rainless re f To the Himae which furnishes am rra otion the city owes its own water BTflj ad the fertility of its surroanding fc s sLId gardens O > v v lks about the streets of Lima as in urcain oppressed multitude his t r 1 reminiscences that crowd upon the lit cr Here a long line of viceroys ru a w th almost independent power not c j ut c r the territory that now constitutes tt Re ublic of Peru but also the vast crr cs of Chili La Platta ana New C rar jJ including the modern divisions off of-f uc or and Bolivia Here Santa Rosa to 1 a tic togas las Americas the Pa trc Zs of all the Amencans was born and d d the only American woman of the ncrLhtrnor southern continent who ever had tae honor of canonization Here stoat he rtcd Pizarro was assassinated by the men of Chile ma VEXGEIIS OF ALIIAGKOS S1CRDEH aid lit re his bones repose in the crypt of tto groat cathedral For ISOO years Lima ws the most important ecclesiastical de pcrltcy of the church of Rome on the vstrn hemisphere In this stronghold It e jUisition vith all its horrors remained th v I v and powerf uilone after its decadence In Maurid The churches and convents of Lima were as magnificent any inEjrope aLl endowed with incalculable wealth The Qplcjlo de San Marcos the oldest col Ipp1 M America was founded here in 1551 j it fixt nine years before the Pilgrim i thers landed at Plymouth and tycicht j oarj before Hendrick Hudson sailed into til arbCr of New lock K re too were centered the products oft of-t runes of Potosi and Cerro del Pasco of PUIO Castro and Veirema those El Dorm Do-rm is about which fables were told that set a1 tae world agog In 1651 I think it was La Palata then viceroy of Lima rode t rr < ugh these streets on a horse whose nate was strung with pearls and whose EV as were pure gold over a broad pave mt made of solid ingots of silver To its eta gate Callao came the galleons of the cst bringing silks and spices from far Cathay and the Philippine Islands ana loliOving fast in their wale came the buccaneers buc-caneers Rogers Anson Hawkins Drake and others all eager to snatch from the treasure slips the rich booty which event even-t a Yrgin Queen did not disdain to share w th her royal free booters of the south cas and the Spanish main These things all belong to the distant past but no less interesting are the events cf the past half century even of the present pres-ent decade Earthquakes have repeatedly shaken the city from centre to circumference circumfer-ence and innumerable wars and revolutions I have imrvcnED ITS STREETS WITH BLOOD Ii th p aza whore the safe dole of the In q sltcn used to burn its victims in the name of Jesus scores of political martyrs have been publicly executed By and by the s vcr veins of Salcedo ran dry and tho sands of Carabaja were no longer washed fc r god and the world had discovered that awa up north were two new states Cali fortia and Nevada which could supply ji ore suver every year than Pasco and PDt PD-t acd all the other mines of New Spain pd tcpettier The conquered Indians could no ocrer be parceled out to the favorites cf power under the abominable law of LaM La-M j nor the negroes be compelled to pay to tit rich the trisute of unrequited labor Tti ta profligate city of the Three Kings f un more gaily and luxuriously puss te than ever for a richer fountain Cf weaith had been opened than any of the elder sourcv in the guano islands scattered Bi a on the arid coastthose rocky and rcrtdjmg haunts of seals and seabirds Wt ch were the terrors of the early manners mann-ers For half a century they poured into the lap of Lima a more than Danaean slower of cold Then came darker days of racl warfare and bitter poverty alter aster a-ster republic had stripped the country of Everything available and though starva lion stared them in the face the descendants descend-ants of the haughty grandees had no idea idea of the dignity of labor till the Grace Donoughmoro enterprises of the present day have brought the dawn of a new era of prosperity MODEHN LIMA is about tea miles in circumference but asa as-a large part of its area is laid out in gardens gar-dens and public squares the whole is by no 43BAns densely populated The old walls of 1hu city which that energetic vice king La I Palata caused to be built in 1CS3 described an irregular oval on the left bank of the Rimae about three miles long by mile and a half wide They were from eighteen to tVentyfour feet high and twenty feet thick and were entered by twelve gates But they were never of much use except to facilitate the collection of local duties and I to afford an elevated paseo or bridal path for equestrians and were demolished long ago The citys present population is variously estimated between one bundled thousand to one hundred and twentyfive thousand Much of the beautiful rccioii round about was laid waste by the Chilian army during the recent war and has not yet been rebuilt re-built The invaders were as merciless and as needlessly cruel as they were completely victorious In the battle that decided the fate of Lima hundreds of country villas and all tho suburban villages were burned to the ground Thus Chorillas the Long Branch of the coast was entirely destroyed A ralway leads from Chorillas to Lima passipg through the once LOVELY vILLAGE OF marLOUEs whose name literally translated means see the flowers 1 The Chillans landed at Chorillas and having reduced that town to ashes they marched alone the line of the railroad to Lima ruthlessly destroying everiing on the route For one whole night Lima was in the hands of a mob of armed soldiers who had broken loose from all restraint and were as bloodthirsty and unfeeling as so many Sepoys and they I were only prevented from entirely burning and sacking the city by the energy oi the British minister and other members of the diplomatic corps backed by the English and French admirals whose war ships Were In the harbor at Callao It is said that there are 1500 foreigners in Lima and no fewer than sis thousand priests The latter gentry are met at every step in lack robes and white gray cowls and shovel hat monks of all orders and varieties of habit and clergy of every degree Professor Orton affirms that there are at least twentylive different admixtures admix-tures of blood in Lima Bo that as it may certainly a more mixed collection of people woulO be hard to lied There are English French Spaniards North Americans Belgians Bel-gians Ch ness anti negroes black white yellow and all interffloduito shades of complexion com-plexion ningled among THE 1FlTnll 11CED > AT1VE 101ULATIOX and one need not walk half square to hear a doen different lancuacreb spolzen Being situated under the tropics and at an tiiex itton of only 5bi feet it might rCa souablj ba expected that tho climate of Lima would be too warm soc comfort but such is bi no means the case During the six months that answer for winter on this side of the equator from June to November Novem-ber the thermometer ranges from ji degrees de-grees to 50 decrees Fahr and is often so cold that warn woclen clothing is i necessary neces-sary for Homtot especially indoors where the hick walls retain dampness and exclude ex-clude the sun rendern the interiors n uch more chilly than the open street The low temperature of the place may be martially accounted for In t ie close proximity of the snows corditleras and also from tile fact that the great Antarctic current of tho Pa citio sets from the southwest full on the coast l where the temperature is thirty one decrees less than the waters of tho open sea one hundred miles from land It is not positive cold that renders life in Lima unpleasant during the winter time so much as the fogs mid dampness Sometimes Some-times for das together the sun refilse to show his face and a regular Scotch mist heavy enouerh to form a continual drizzle makes the sidewalk slippery as ice andsn permeates the air that even the sheets ot ones bed feel sticky Though visitors are often assured that IT JEVLR ItAlXS IV 11M V the moot partial citizen is obliged to admit that what he calls la guam a dense fO that forms itself into minute drops brings > all the discomforts without any of the benefits bene-fits of a good healthy shower It soaks through the thatched roofs discolors the dripping ceiling loosens the wallpaper and trickles down upon the floor in puddles Yet umbrellas and overshoes are not in itiohioa here You might search the city shops without being able to find cither and to appear upon the streets with anything more formidable in the way of protection from the wet than fancy tautaml parasol would be to set ones self up as a mark for ridicule It is a remarkable but unexplained unex-plained fact that while Lima is thus fre nnentlv shrouded in mist and moisture the othr > r towns and villages in the same valley may be enjoying cloudless skies and warm bright sunshine It is said that when the last of the Incas beard where Pizarro was going to establish estab-lish his capital ho rejoiced in his heart say inc that scan not one of his enemies would remain alive Tradition has it that long beore the arrival of any Europeans this particular portion of the valley of tho Rimea was set apart asA i A PLACE OF JIAJJISIIJLIEJST FOR enniiNALS a sort of Inca Dry Tortugas or Siberia where evildoers soon succumbed to the deadly climate and ceased from troubling borne sixty years ago r the celebrated Von Teschudi wrote that Two thirds of the people of Lima are at all times suffering from tercirnas intermittent fevers or from their consequences But that was before the countess of Cinchona whose husband was one of the vice kings of Peru had been cured of her terciaua by the Peruvian Pe-ruvian bark whose remediaL virtues had been discovered by a Franciscan friar during dur-ing the early days of the conquest The aborigines made a decoction of it to cure their aucs it was tried upon the shaking soldiers with erp < it success and it remained for the vice queen 10 make fashionable by merely consenting to be set upon her legs again tbroueh its agency She introduced intro-duced the bark into Spain where it was given her name cinchona and the drug that has since been made of it w i known as quinine ha certainly accomplished more real substantial good right here in Lime than have al the missionaries Romish am Protestant that ever cane over Yet yea I by year the deathlists are alarmingly I longer than those of births and were the city not constantly recruited from other parts of the country it would have been depopulated long ao It is said that the mortality among infants here is three time greater in proportion to population than in London Paris or New York but that is doubtless as much due to bad drainage and the poverty carelessness and filth of the lower classes as to climatic causes FAVKIB B WAUD |
