Show Hints to New New- Motorists M i- i 4 1 S 8 1 fr 1 What Makes the Auto Go Coo GoI I Learn to Really Operate Your Car Dont Don't Merely l Drive It Twill ill Save You Money in the Long Run Ring Following is the second of a series of articles each complete in itself on the H A B Cs of motoring for the information of the now car caro owner These articles are arc specially prepared for The Herald by mechanical experts In preparing this series tho the 1 aim m has bas been to make them technically correct correct cor- cor but hut eL easy fV to read rr aH and understand n 7 01 The most Important unit of the automobile automobile auto uto mobile of course courso Is tho the motor for tor It generates tho the power which makes the vehicle go 0 In tho the first autos the tho motor received practically pi all of or tho attention and the remainder r of or the car was literally literally lit lit- piled u up around It with all sorts of ot schemes schem of power application to tho the drive wheels But Bat with the standardization standard- standard of ot design In cars car'S came a def def- system o of power transmission which la Is generally followed In all makes Tho The engine Itself would bo be an Inert mass of steel and Iron without the necessary Ignition and systems The Tho Ignition furnishes the thc spark to Ignite tho the charge of or mixture of or gasoline and air all which Is drawn Into nto the cylinders from the carburetor The Thc Gasoline Caroline Supply The Thc gasoline Is drawn from tho the tank In into nto to the tho carburetor through the tho common com com- common mon medium of ot a n vacuum com I which is operated by suction from tho the intake manifold There aro are gravity ra feeds fe-eds which cause a direct flow from the tank to the tho carburetor through the former being belne- placed higher than the ho latter The Thc pressure air-pressure system Is another form torm employed to force the thc gasoline from the tank In tho the rear to the he carburetor a pump on tho the dash being be- be lug ing- ng provided for this purpose Tho The gasoline passes Into tho the bottom or float chamber of at tho the carburetor The Tho fuel Is prevented from overflowing overflow overflow- ing ng by a float which cuts off ott tho the flow low when reaching a a. certain leveL leyeL As tho the I suction of or tho the motor through the In Intake In- In take tako manifold exerts a pull pun on tho the carburetor carburetor car car- the thc liquid gasoline Is drawn 1 through a small email valve ol and there thue mixed with air air at at about tho the ratio of ot ten parts of ot air all to ono of or gasoline Most Mast Be lie Vaporised Gasoline In hi Its liquid state will burn like Uko kerosene but without explosive nature force torce It reaches It dynamite only after being being- vaporized Tho The gall gasoline no therefore leaves the thc carburetor In vapor form and passes Into Into n n. passageway eway called C th tho Intake n l I manifold Tills Tins manifold is acu with the Intake valve of or each cy cr er As the Intake valve val open a n. charge of or tho the mixture Is drawn Into tho cyl eyl- inder On the Buick Bulck with Its valve in head construction for Instance this valve o opens three eights of an Inch fuch and nd remains open until tho the piston inside In- In side tho the clIn cylinder er reaches the tho bottom bollom of ot tho the stroke Then the tho valve snaps shut and nd the piston starts upward up again compressing compressing- tho the chat cha charge go to nn an average of ot about seventy pounds to tho the square rC inch Hero la is where tho the I Ignition then thon plays Its part Tho The current supplied by a generator magneto or battery baltor Is carried car car- nod ried to the thc spark plug pluS placed In the head of the cylinder or at the side of th the cylinder lin cr head Through a series o of contact t t. pol points ts the tho current Is shot Into the tho spar plug pluS where occurs occur a n. spar spark Ie The Thc time this spark park occurs In relation to the position of or tho the piston j depends upon tho the setting of ot the spark throttle ca n S Knock KnockIn In slowly d moving engines tho the spark Is sot act to ignite the tho charge Just as the piston has reached Its highest point of ot compression and starts on the downward stroke But Dut at a n. touring of or thirty miles an nn hour the spark Is Is' Is set to shoot while philo the piston piston pis pis- ton tott Is still sUll trl traveling lIns- lIns upward The reason reason rea rca son for this Is that the piston speed Is greater than the tho rapidity of ot tho ex explosion explosion ex- ex and the tho mixture charge In tho cylinder must be ignited Is In advance so that tho the power will bo be exerted upon tho the head of tho the piston by tho the time It starts downward Otherwise the piston would bo be running aw away from tho the explosion ex ex- If It this spark was advanced nd at It slow stow speeds the tho force of or the c explosion would work against as tho the piston thereby thereby there there- b by causing a knock And also 1 11 U f tho the spark Is s kept retarded ed at high speeds the tho explosion force will win be bo lost Jost I because It wilt will occur when the piston is traveling faster taster than the expansion of ot the burning charge Both Bolh of these those errors In advancing or retarding the spark will cause a motor to overheat Docs Does Not It ot ot Explode lode Gasoline In reality burns Instead of exploding It Is the expansion of heat beat that generates tho the power rather than thana a a. force such as ns would bo be created b by dynamite which exploded In one shot Tho The moro more violate portions of or the mixture mixture mixture mix mix- ture arc are Ignited h first This heat In turn fires Tires the heavier Ilea parts of tho the charge e In other words there thero are a series of or explosions rather than one clean explosion giving giving- a n. more continuous con- con force forc on tho head of the tho piston pis pis- ton As tho the piston Is shot down It transmits transmits trans trans- mits tho the energy to thc the crank shaft shaH to which all tho tiro connecting rods are fast fast- ened In a six cylinder motor for or In Instance Instance instance In- In stance two cylinders are working to together together together to- to gether sixtieths seven s l of t the e time and nd one cylinder is firing alone fifty imy- three sixtieths of ot the time Consequently ConseQuently Consequently Conse Conse- ther there is 19 an overlapping of the thc explosion strokes After AUr the explosion on has 1119 occurred and carried tho piston to tho the bottom of tho the stroke Another opens at tho the head of ot tho the cylinder or In a pocket at tho side according to the tho construction of or tho UIO cylinder clInder The piston on Its upward upward up up- ward w travel forces out the tho burned I gasses into the exhaust manifold and andon andon on out through the muffler I With tho the cylinder clInder scavenged sc the tho ex exhaust exhaust ex- ex haust valve ahe closes with tho the piston atthe at nt atthe the top of or tho the cylinder Then tho the Intake In IntakE Intake In- In take valve which was first described again opens and a fresh charge of mix mix- mixture turo ture Is drawn in Cooling Systems S I Thus It will bo s seen n the piston gravels four times in tho cylinder clInder to toach each ach explosion this giving the name four our Tho The Inta intake c and exhaust valves are aro lifted by br shafts cam which h arc fitted with projections These turning over and Ind over lift un a I. I push rod which In turn lifts tho the valve e The Thc valves vales are arc closed b by spiral springs which operate when tho the pressure on tho the bottom of tho the rod push-rod Is released b by tho the cams turning over to tho the flat Rl side c The Tho motor Is prevented from becomIng becomIng becoming becom becom- ing Ing- excessively hot hol by hy water or air all which Is la circulated around the cUn ders The water from the tho radiator Is pumped through water jackets which encase the thc cylinders and then Is re returned returned re- re turned to tho the radiator for tor the cooling process Clip and na save c tl article The TIle third thin of th the thc series it Wilt nHI ill appear In n next nest Sundays Sunday's Sun Sun- days day's Herald and will UI explain the thc flo flow of power po from the lle shaft haft In the th motor to the the- rear Jahe For any In Information information In- In formation does doe not appear or ur I Inot is III not clear write rUt to tilt Clue herald Automotive Editor Lake k |