Show S R 0 r 11 t i A Camouflaged S Sharpshooter hat p shoo ter D Bees 1 ed for V Work ork in to Tr Trees Vb Where t r ere His 1113 r A I Grates Grotesquely q uel y S Striped tri ed C Cost Oat I l IV Makes It Difficult for t f 1 an Observer Server E to I Spot Him The Extraordinary j j Range Range of Devices Devic s wrt 4 1 a Sh the for Deceiving Enemy as Shown in Some Examples from Both Sides of the e V Western estern f Baule Front T Hogshead Mounted on a l Cart by Germans to Cou Counterfeit e e t a Mortar f Big Fren French h Gun Screened In in a Forest Near tho Front i iBy By Bv v RENE BACHE A x gJ Fr I the most pl pIcturesque picturesque pic pIc- LY new and certaIn certainly W WHOLLY development of or the present co conflict con Illusions filet is the employment of or optical for war purposes The idea has has' assumed a military mil mili that even the issue c of tr tary importance so o great battles ma may hang upon it it from the thea the theatre camouflage comes The word vord designed de di effects to tre having originally referred signed in one way war or another to deceive the tho eye Thus it is barclI hardly surprising that professional professions should ha hay have 0 began scone scene painters painters inters sInce the war of or this thi found fond extensive employment in the practice T To problems peculiar art as applied to military tool fool the Huns the they e have erected screens bearin bearing counterfeit landscape and in painted sections of like e m manner for the deception of at enemy aviators aviator of canvas can cat horizontally largo areas arcas the they have spread vas concealing supply depots or other things thing of r a an from tram the viewpoint worth hiding which enemy flying Hying machine gave the effect of ot villa village o root tops rooftops tops trees etc an Important town was wa A A. stream stream crossing crossing near shelled belled every err day by the Germans with such persistence per per- that the French engineers could hard hardly night make it safo safe for even a few Cew hours hours' travel at But nut the solved the problem l A Anew new bridge was built yards ards further down don an an 1 covered ered with rUh canvas on which a n section of imitation tion river was painted The old bridge was patched from time to time to serve as a decoy for shellfire shellfire shell shell- fire and meanwhile traffic went on uninterrupted beneath the canvas roo roof Nets of wide mesh somewhat resembling seine nets are woven of green cord with strips of or green greer cloth a foot long strung to the meshes The strips s fluttering in the breeze give ghe to the eye ee of or an airplane airplane air plane observer far tar aloft exactly the effect o of offield 2 field of or waving grass Unlike the tho painted canvas these nets are as it were alive the Illusion sion flon they offer is convincingly like reality The They J are used to hide sausage balloons baBoons on the ground ammunition dumps etc e Foliage Screens Shields of ot green folla foliage O are employed empl-ed in the bummer flummer time Ume to protect roa roads s from hostile In this way var many an Important tram transport por link is kept from the enemy's knowledge for lor weeks while trains of ot carriers and ambulances am pass along in an endless stream Trenches frenches u used for carrying food and ammunition tion to the firing line are arc obliterated as as viewed from the tho sk sit by br roofing them with planks covered coverer with sod Holes In Int In t the e ground are covered by b hatches overspread with earth earth to hide machine machine- gun guJ nests The Germans recently have e adopted the tho e ingenious expedient of filling the houses of of t villages with earth taken from subterranean workings workings work work- ings Ints that so-that so that formidable defences might find concealment concealment con beneath a normal abnormal and peaceful peaceful looking external aspect t. t 1 Dead horses made o of papier mache and sometimes some somo- tm- tm tS times es lined ned with steel plates are arc utilized for tor the concealment of or riflemen Similarly u n counterfeit rock or a shell shell blasted blasted tree trunk tree built bunt of iron ma may hide two or three snipers Colf Col Col- f 1 Z I lit I I c S I L 1 I 4 t 1 f I frames covered with black cloth and which setup set setup setup from a distance look like armored cars when and cause tho the enemy's fire firo up are arc used to draw him to waste precious ammunition An Au empty empt ho hogshead mounted on a looks look much like liko a big mortar from the tho point of ot view vie o oan of an aviator half calf a mile up in the air and his report to of or Its position ma may cause the enemy batteries throw awn away a whole lot of perfectly good shells in trying to put the harmless barrel out of business Quaker er guns are aro nothing new this sort of or camouflage was frequently employed during tho the American civil chU war but with inferior method Disguising ing Big Guns The big guns uns on the tho fighting fronts arc are painted with great daubs of or primary colors colors red red blue green yellow etc Likewise tho the British tanks Even en tho the gunners are now wearing hooded suits of or similarly daubed for obviously ob it would v be bo of little use thus to hide bide the guns if It men could be plainly seen moving about them The theory of or course is easy to understand The Tho primary primar colors proper properly mingled mako make no color Daylight is of no color though made mado up up-as up as one OIle can seeby see seeby by br passing a sunbeam through a n prism prIsm- prism prism-of of r nil all the colors of the rainbow If It paints are arc used with scientific correctness for the purpose the they ou ought ht to render the Invisible invisible In guns uns and gunners absolutely visible from a distance This ar art however is very new new In future days dae when it has been developed we may hn have ha invisible invisible in visible guns invisible airplanes and possibly through adaptation of a scheme color to uniforms invisible fighting men The khaki our soldiers wear is meant toA to toA toA A Camouflaged Heavy Gun on the French Front I Ir r 1 r r. r 1 r A AI Ar r I y r it r a ar r t tyr yr t s sr r r 1 i v S rp i 1 sf rr T ii A S tf ZY rj W V- V Viii ii i V y kf y h. h r t u y r 1 1 i io o r 4 r Are Painted Dark Gray on Top op to Harmonize with the Earth and White Beneath to Blend Into the Sky blend with the hue of the earth The French horizon horizon blue matches the sk sky mist gray is another attempt at invisibility these solves the the problem satisfactorily So much depends upon tho the background you see and backgrounds s vary The sky is not always blue the ground is not always dirt Thus In some somo of or the tho fighting in the forests of Roumania the Bulgarians are said to have worn green uniforms uni- uni forma forms and to have painted their faces green For night attacks when snow covered tho the ground the Huns hit upon the id idea a of wearing white garments resembling Ung nightgowns and nightcaps In the development of tho the art of camouflage ono one thing already discovered Is the value of shad shad- owe Thus for concealment's sake ammunition I a ar r 1 I c e q cI and other affairs worth woith hiding aro commonly com corn mealy placed atlie at borders of woods preferably woods preferably at the northern edge t-dge inasmuch as there the tree will wm throw n a broad shadow through most of ot the tho year Ear Even E the enemy enem ayi aviators aviator's tors tor's c camera mcra will not discern what is within the tho sha shadow ow and on sunless days clays the flying flinS scouts tS rarely take photographs because the picture aro are much less clear Coloration of Airplanes Airplanes are aro painted cry sn silvery white beneath so 80 as to be inconspicuous nom tho the ground and gray grayon on top to render them less visible to other Oin flying machines cs that ma may happen to be overhead A newer new new- er or device ico is to paint them on top with various colors col- col colors col ors intermingled while hile German planes battle of at recent lattern are brilliantly decked out ont in blue preen green reen red and yellow ellow for fOI the purpose of or contusing contus ing lag tho the eyes oes of or anti-aircraft anti gunners Up to now the of fighting ships has been slate gray which was as supposed to harmonize harmon harmon- ize with the sea but henceforth though the tho problem lem tern has not been heen worl worked ed out satisfactorily yet et they will bo be camouflaged in schemes of colora In the American nil navy this idea is being tried onton out ont outon outon on destroyers and ond not Ion long ago ono one of ot Undo Sams Sam's submarines while taking part in vies ores actually got lost tram from the fleet because beIng bein be be- in Ing adorned in this way the other ships lost sight of ot it The United Slates States government now requires that all of its merchant ships shall 1 lie yo 0 similarly treated information for the purpose being furnished furnished fur fur- to owners and shipmasters by the tho bureau of ot war risk Insurance The They are nrc at ata liberty to choose their own painting scheme from several recipes supplied Of these consists consists con con- in painting the tl vessel in such n a way as to eliminate high lights and shadows The under J part rt of tho the overhang is made white and the tho super- super re dark the result being a blend with sea and sky Other schemes consist in arrangements of or the primary colors in various pa patterns tho the effect sought Bought being a blend that will wm produce visually the impression of ot gns y But this gIa gray has to the eye oye much more deadness than gray sra paint It is misty OI Optically speaking the same principle applies ap all' plies as in the case of the zebra whose whoso black and whito stripes vivid iid enough when seen at hand are nrc meant b by nature ns E a protective o coloration colora cobra tion tion-in tion in other words to mako make the tho animal less v sl t r t tt t J Jr D r 1 41 7 r T. T We bIe Seen from a l distance on lie its native nativo desert its stripes blend Into a gra gray that is much less con conspicuous can coi than a mulo's over all gra gray One of arrangements is of or wavy stripes green blue and white Stripes of curvilinear and scroll forms It is found have bao a confusing effect to the e eye c the outlines of or a hull thus adorned being lost to view at any considerable distance Incidentally Inci dentally they make difficult the of a telescope or 01 binoculars upon the ship rendering It Kt t har harder er to see distinctly jj f Invisibility for Ships Ships- Some SOIne of or these schemes curiously enough seem to split up tho the ships ship's hull and superstructure into u if several parts visually with an appearance as sea and sky showed between The whole puzzle i is very ery difficult to but when it has bas been thoroughly worked out and its elements reduced to a scientific basis it may mar be possible to make mako a vessel essel actually invisible at a n distance of ot a mile Meanwhile and for tor present purposes the tho object sought Bought Is to render ships less easy to sec see The sea Ben is blue The sea is green The sea Is iJ mottled gray Its color depends upon that of the sky which it reflects Tako Take a bucketful bucl of ot water from tho ocean and it has no color In reality the tb sea sen has no col color r of its own How then shall It be successfully imitated One expert who ha has made long study of or the subject d declares clares that the effect color of the tho lea ea is IJ isa a mixture of violet and green If therefore a ship be painted with these two colors in a sui tablA pattern stripes stripes' wavy or 01 in scrolls it will b ba bs made mado relatively invisible because at a distance the light rays will mingle and so affect the optic to color impression like Uke that atthe of at nervo as I produce a the sea Thus does does- tho sailor as well as the fighting fighine man on laud put on the tho cap of invisibility Y But the cleverest of recent dodges In this line la is one recent recently adopted by tho the Germany Germans who silver plate the periscopes of their newest submarines thus rendering them almost viewless lawless inasmuch as they theT r reflect the color of tho the sea itself |