Show iJ LI Types of Domestic Fowls Now Br Bred d I L L u I v ricHes 1 ly Y y All Possess Some Cornin Corn Come in n I Traits Yet Individuals 1 fer Widely Among Them Them- L yes yes ves in Characteristics s EVER fEVER BREEDS HAVE j CERTAIN QUALITIES t r f tic IC j Fowls Good for t f Usually Good Layers Chickens Are Arel l It ten en Called Egg Machines' Machines JY Y PROF PROP FREDERIC H. H E STONEBURN e WS Uti by C Co C. at is the best breed of poulia poul- poul 4 j ia is a question which every ner nor asks and to which a sat- sat 4 tory reply is seldom given giyen is a reason for much conn con- con n ii and an honest difference mon on this point as there approximately seventy five breeds breeds' and varieties of S ens possessing definite l te eco- eco 1 10 value alue to say nothing of a a. athe of the strictly fancy fowls 4 ding bantams and ancl exhibition I s. s Each of these kinds has admirers who ho proto pro pro- i to beHe believe e it to be the tho great- great hi hick ken en e ever er bred bred and many hem ham are being consistently ed by specialty y clubs conid com com- d a of breeders banded together I hor the interests of their heir rites tes It must be admitted t in many maDJor cases exaggerated I ments are made claims of exe ex- ex e that could scarcely be e sub- sub But after all each ach achI certain character- character whether of beauty or utility I that make it worthy of coni conr con con- r. r Uon Below Professor Stone- Stone outlines in a a. concise manner rigin and development of our t-iJar t ilar breeds of poultry and the tha of each cacho This may mayy iI y o as a guide to the tho amateur is is uncertain as to the thc kind of ofa s s 5 which will best meet his a if Is s. s ne e of the most popular of the i purpose feral fowls is the Single Single- I ib b Rhodo Island Red fled the sub sub- I lof joi Mr irr Grahams Graham's illustration in the Little Comp Comp- district of Rhode Island a g on long noted for the nuin- nuin wand Jaud quality of table eggs pro- pro ed cd there this breed has bus swept I ip the country tn in a 3 remarkably it space e of f time Vigorous lh hardy hrdy excellent for table pur- pur es good layers possessed of a n uliar beauty of plumage when fully bred Rho Rhode e Island Reds ly deserve their general 1 ty h IBN FIEN the Interested amateur L 1 readies es me point ny iw neth ue- ue t th o look about for a tor- tor fowls o ls of ot wn wn n. n he ho Is usually at sea as to reed eed that will wUl give him tho most Lotion action A visit to a poultry show ft b yards of ot established breeders ss s him to pick up some somo Ideas on but ho he Is usually confused apparent contradictions of ot the there thes' thes era re s' s of ot the different breeds Each i for tor his favorites all hen 8 a. a and after atter a few experiences Is IB kind the tIle beginner wonders s' s what p as a matter of ot fact there are aregood aregood aregood good and poor specimens to bo bon 4 in n all breeds It Is a a. matter and no ono one brood can all an the good In Individuals the tho matter of ot egg production for tor rice cc Tho results scoured In the teal cal work worle of ot commercial poultry poultry- and md by scientific demonstrated over and over over 1 the tha truth of ot the old saying fl IB 18 moro more In tho strain or family ln In tho the bree breed 1 Some Somo poultry Irs Vz go so further and state that thatIs thatUs Us Is 8 more In the feed than In their the t ir GO TO ALL at t records in in egg ess production have ha m made do by such widely divergent as f lS as und and Bantams Orns Orma Or- Or ns ma and Leghorns Plymouth tand i and Games Gaines And Ana so tho the begin begin- nay n ay with safety adopt the tho breed I that attracts attract him and then thenis his Is energies to the tho establishment i strain of ot this particular kind 1 will excel In tho the matter of ot egg cs cUon A A. strain of ot heavy layers ayera t bo ho built up In a single season or this reason It I Is not notIa Ia to frequent changes But It can bo In a comparatively short b by t careful breeding and tho the rigid ig go g- g gout out of ot Individuals that fall fan to the he he nests with reasonable regu- regu 0 This may Involve tho the iT of or Borne of tho the strictly fancy s 8 S. S as ns it Is no easy task to comIn comIn com com- In fn ono one In individual l two separate Of t characteristics Even this can however If It the breed- breed 11 11 work t patiently and intelligent tho same manner a strata strain of ot lor show birds ma may he be I. I tO fowls which closely meet the of ot tho Standard of or Pern Per- Per n n and possess a a. marked family blance s Ls s well worth while to acc accomplish etner enner O 01 oi taSKe as aB there II is a steady call caU for tor heavy layers as well as asfor asfor for exhibition specimens It Is entirely entire entire- ly Iy probable too that In In- tho Immediate future wo we will feel foel a a. demand for stock which Is particularly bred to meet the requirements DC of tho the market for superIor superior supe supe- nor dressed poultry E EACh HAS CHARACTERISTICS But whilo It is tr true e that Individuals within the same breed vary nry greatly It ItIs Itis itIs is also a fact tact that th the various breeds certain well defined possess characteristics characteristics character character- as size temperament color of ot eggs color of skin and shanks ability ability abil abU ity tty to withstand md extreme me c cold ld etc It ItIs Itis Is therefore good policy to consider those these points wh when n making a a. selection and choose a n. breed that meets local conditions For Instance nce the egg g producer pro pro- ducor ducer catering to the tho New York mark market market mar mar- k ket t will do well to adopt a breed produces white whito eggs egG's the kind most In demand and commanding the highest prices Tho The may be personally per per- convinced that brown bron eggs are preferable but business principles dictate dic dlo- dlo- dlo tate the use of ot tho the breed which turns out tho highest st priced pro products In explanation letus lotus remark that the terms bree breed 1 and variety are arc not synonymous Breed has been defined as a race CO of fowls tho the members of which maintain distinctive o shape characteristics characteristics char char- o. o t s that they th-ey possess In common com corn mon mon Variety on on the other hand Is Isa a breed subdivision determined by col color color col- col or of ot plumage pluma 6 type hope of or comb or other othor minor detail usually express ex ex- ex- ex pro press s this distinction n by by saying makes the breed and color tho the arlet variety All of ot our lour domestic breeds and varieties van vari eUes of or poultry have undoubtedly de descended do- do from one or more of ot the types of wild fowl several of ot which are still sUll found particularly In India Tho The cone consensus of ot opinion seems to be that th the original type was as the tho kind of t jungle fowl known to scientists as the Gallus a small bird with Ith single sin sIn- gb gle l comb mb and b red block re pl plumage and age re rc re- re crUD Il L ana Red Black Game Bantams DO DOMESTICATION EARLY E At what date fowls were brought Into a state of ot domestication cannot of ot course be even cn approximately esti esti- mated But tho the earliest records of ot man contain references to them and it ft itIs itIs I Is certain that for tor ages tho the human race raco has depended to some extent cx- cx tent upon these feathered friends for tor food and amusement Cock Coch fighting as asa a a. sport has long been popular and though frowned upon In England and America It still sun holds Its o own n In a 3 largo large part of ot tho the world Distinct races of ot fowls were probably slow r. In appearing but gradually thc they were evolved through selection b by r man man- until wl widely cl divergent l typos types appeared In various parts of DC tho the world From these theRe In turn was drawn tho blood used i in making up our present recognized recognized recognized breeds Prior to there ther wore comparatively comparatively ti cl few recognized breeds In Ameri Ameri- ca en Most ost of ot the tho stock was mongrel and usually small In In size There were ere a Ct few Spanish Leghorns Dorkings Polish and Games but these were not widely bred nor was there thore much uniformity among the In Individuals individuals In- In of the so-called so breeds Cm CHINESE ESE VARIETIES APPEAR Somewhere about 1860 a a. number of ot birds from alleged Chinese sources appeared and these were known as Cochin Chinas Shanghais and Brahma These birds were wOre large In Ineize size eize and different In appearance from any then known and attracted much attention duo to the appearance appearance- ot of a number of or highly flattering nC newspaper notices A group of ot unscrupulous men procured specimens and an exploited them in a sensational manner thus starting the astonishing attack of hen lien fever eer that soon swept the entire countr country lasting for a period of ot five or six years cars er E Every sort of oC deception was practiced and high prices demanded and received for eggs and birds of oC unknown ances ances- try tt- Of or course tremendous sums of or money were lost but from front this widespread wide spread interest in thoroughbred fowls sprang our present poultry poultry poul poul- tr try fanc fancy Since that time limo numerous improved breeds and varieties s have ul e appeared and tho the Industry has ex expanded expanded ex- ex until it occupies a a. commandIng command- command lug Ins place In the tho agricultural field The rho American Poultry association In Its Standard of ot Perfection classifies fowls largely largel according to tho the geographical geo graphical location from which the original stock Is supposed to have havo Conic come Since nearly all breeds of ot most classes resemble each ench other In a a. gen- gen oral way ap this s system servos tho purpose purpose purpose pur pur- pose fairl fairly well welt but an arrangement based on definite characters would probably prove moro more satisfactory to tho the average man CIPAL CLASSES The principal I Ip l classes a of fowls V s having Ir u economic Y a us Uti 01 UL e eg b u Ul I table poultry are aro as follows American Asiatic Mediterranean English Polish Dutch French and Oriental Games Garnos i The American class represents the I skill of ot American breeders and Is ma mado madu u up of or birds carrying the blood bloo of ot the tho and other old breeds Included In this class are tho the Plymouth Rocks Javas Rhodo Island Reds Beds and Bucke Buckeyes es with their several varieties numbering twenty all told In color they range from pure puro white to bl black LCk with e exquisite lacing penciling and barring on some vane varie tics ties Th The average weight Is approximately nine pounds for adult cocks cocka and six abc and one half to seven pounds for tor hens These breeds are properly general purpose fowls fowl useful alike aliko as market poultry and producers of ot brown eggs Most ost varieties have hava yellow legs and andall andall andall all havo navo yellow skin kin hardy quick growing reliable flitters gitters and mothers the tho birds of ot this class are more generally bred than any other class with tho the possible e exception of ot the tho Mediterranean In tho Asiatic class are aro grouped tho the heavy or meat broods the Brahma Cochins and Lans in Sn eight va va- va- va Thero There Is considerable difference differ diffor- once ence In weight among these breeds an adult Light Brahma BrahmB cock weighing twelve poun pounds B nn and n. n Black cock nino and one half pounds Tho The comparative weights of ot hons hens of ot these two to breeds are nine and one half pounds and seven so an and ono half pounds SLOWLY SLOW YOting Y Owing to their large arge size the Asiatic breeds are lore slow in maturing an and andas as a 3 rulo rule are aro Inclined to be lazy and Inactive c They are extremely gentle casU easily confined and make great reat pets peta With tho tiO exception of or the they thoy havo have yellow skin and legs They are aren n not t generally regarded favorably fa as 18 profitable ef egg egg- producers but individuals nals frequently excel in this particular The shanti are very good winter t layers their eggs largo large In size and unusually dark lark In color of ot shell All 11 ot of the Asiatic breeds are arc much Inclined toward tOt broodiness being persistent per per- er- er sitters Thc They make trustworthy trustworthy trust trust- worthy Worth mothers oven even thou though h somewhat somewhat some some- what The Mediterranean class contains tho the bree breeds s which havo have been called egg machine tho Leghorns Minor Minor- cas as Spanish Blue and An- An I i 4 I 1 k I ct j q x i t iI i 4 I If iii J 7 41 r h I J 41 S t 4 j a. a 92 SINGLE COMB lB RHODE ISLAND W REDS HEDS This is is ne of nf of the Jim most popular of the American breeds of poultry It wn was the tha practical common fowl in a certain section of New England for more than fifty years Originated at al first with purely utility es IS as the uppermost cou consideration it has become so popular that enthusiastic tie f Ji have adopted it and ana pushed its level level- toward towar uniformity of shape and color with great vigor The chicks arc hardy harch an and rapid growers being marketable marketa lc at all ages broiler size size an and maturity The Thc pullets develop rapidly and reach early laying maturity maturity ma- ma l laying ying largo large brown eggs egg's v are much in demand in certain markets conas cona twelve varieties As a clas clasi these birds are arc small In size nervous active quick growing and andla la lay white eggs Most of them are arc either white brown or black in color They aro are not much used for Cor tho the production production production pro pro- of or table poultry y though leghorns leghorns leghorns leg leg- horns mal make c excellent lightweight broilers Tho The stand out ns as the tho heaviest hea of oC thc these e breeds an and are pro producers of oC tho the largest white eggs that are laid brany by br any fowl Cowl MOST POPULAR S. S C. C White Leghorns are arc undoubtedly undoubtedly edly the most popular arIet variety In this group an and are probably kept In great great- I er or numbers than any of DC tho other othor recognized roe rec I f domestic varieties Tho The I- I English class comprises tho s Dorkings Redcaps and three widely dissimilar breeds Dorkings arc are rea g-rea great t favorites s In England England England Eng Eng- land because of oC the tho excellence of or their flesh lesh It is s ld that tho they were originally nally Introduced into Britain l by the Romans nomans The rhe tons arc by ly far the most popular of or the thc l English breeds toda today and they represent the En English Men Ilea of oC the general purpose fowl being similar to our Plymouth Rocks and aud Rhode Is Island Island island Is- Is land Reds In their characteristics The They are arc quite generally bred in iii America thou though h tho the light colored logs less and white sl skin ln do not meet our market require require- mont meats Orpington eggs egg are bro brown n In col color or Eight varieties of oC one breed maI make makeup e eup up tho the Polish class This breed is Beldom seldom eel sel dom lorn found foun In commercial plants but hut because of ot their beauty of ot plumage and their oe odd an and attractive crests Polish tax tho tim of oC If the most Interested fancier an and arc aro most attractive In lii n the home homo poultry yard ard The Tho s six Ix varieties with beautifully spangled and penciled plumage pluma c occupy a position similar to that of DC tim the Polish These two cla classes ses in general characteristics cha aro are similar to the Leghorns From FoIn France the tho home borne of ot superior table poultry we havo have three breeds |