| Show TILLING SOIL BRINGS BIG VALUES BACK TO FARMERS Proper Drying Retention eten tion of Needed Moisture re Improvement I mp r eve pleat of Conditions Are Results Gained Gamed by Frequent Fen t I and Deep PI Plowing b bT of the Earth Ea T III value of oC tilling or fining the soil as ns a means of increasing its pro pro- ro- ro 1 ity was fir first l clearly set t et fol forth h in ill Ill lS is ia by William 1 lull full It is isnow now non reco recognized U as 1 one 0 of f the fundamental principles of or agriculture e C that thaL tillage Winge improves Cs tho ille texture of the soil In general t the o texture of or the laud land landan be Ile method judicious plowing anti and I the an tan improved e by hy three 1 of o humus that is organic or 01 vegetable matter in tho the soil and the use of Jn Ill this article one olle pha phase e only will be he treated treated- Wh rh Plow 1 I The land if it I left Ct to Itself produces abundantly and an steadily increases c In ht I I fertility l hut ut nature nl without a assistance produces produce but bUl few tew fruits fruit and tubers ofa ot of otI ota a character suited to the wants of oC civilized roan man Her anI only effort folt In is to perpetuate p per per- r- r I the must most must suitable species p cle Vastly Vast ast astI ly Ir I more mure plants plant are usually uRuaU present than have haye opportunity for the HIM highest development de de- de- de hence titer they become Inedible Inedible- I bitter 01 or wanting wanlin In flavor or A Kr great Krat rat at object In plowing I Is therefore to tole destroy destroy de le de- de lestro stroy plants Plowing in America Is Ith the least understood and mo most l Imperfectly Imper Imper- I performed perforated of oC any an operation of oC preparing the land for Cor or crops owing to the tact fact that tho farmer Caroler r seldom Keeps In mind nil all the thu results w which 1 may maJ b be b secured by h thorough plowing should c Still lull IIII One Ono of or the c essentials of good plowing plow plow- plowing ing ing- ingli Is li to the soil solI giving It Ita a it fin in state of or filth No 0 definite rule can be bl given gl as ns to th the depth o of plowing plow plow- ing Ing- yet ot ft in oyer very ver In Instance deep cp plow plow- In lug lus u Is recommended Care should I IlOu hI be betaken taken laken however hu nut not to plow plo at the saute same depth each time Bute bec because of the Ie danger dang of or forming an objectionable hardpan or of as a some ome term It sole solo pan Plowing 1 IA s poor POOl wh when n most of oC the rough h pulverizing pul 1 Is not done or 01 when the tho surface Is la not l left t In a Rood good condition condi condi- condition tion lion for Cor the e effective o use C of or the implements implements ments which are arc to follow Collow In preparing a a. proper seed e d bed j Frequent and deep plowing also ma mar m materially tonally assist percolation In man many In Instances instances In- In stances the soil loll I IK is o of so close a a. texture that water pa passes sc through to the subsoil subsoil sub sub- soil poll el very slowly Ilo I and as a a a. consequence eon the soil becomes paddled lcd cold and sour lour This may he overcome o by hy but owing to the excessive expense at attached attached attached at- at to such a a. method it has almost been abandoned b by farmers as If U 1 however t the depth of ot th the furrow could coul be Increased ed a a. little each year ear until tho the depth of or ten Inches I Is reach reached the object of or in aiding aldIn aid aid- In Ins Ins- percolation J an and securing greater root loot pasturage Jc could be bf effectively served and the tho co cost coat t greatly red 1 reduced Moisture Conics Come Front From Soil Sell Scar Nearly all cultivated at II plants get pt th the greater Creator part pait u tiC their thell moisture front from the soil Noll this fact should be kept in mina wh when n plowing and fitting the land The part which tho the plow plays 8 In n assisting moisture to rl rise o b by capillarity to the rootlets of oC the plant and In mod the evaporation e of or the water from the surface of or the land should be thoroughly thorough thorough- ly understood If lC the tho soil be el very porous porous por por- ous OUR tho air circulating through It carries car car- vies ries off a large amount of oC mol moisture ture if IC too compact the Interstices would beso be he beno no so 0 largely closed that capillarity would woul be bo weak In neither case will the best beat conditions conditions condi condl- lions be obtained Th The aim should be beto beto beto to secure cure those thos ph physical conditions which will to the greatest extent promote promote pro pro- pro pro- other while l securing mote capillarity g desired objects To accomplish this thin the soil must first b be bet made fine tine or com com- acted Here Her again agan the plow pla plays s 's an Important important part for forma in order t to fine tine and solidify the soil the earth must first be lifted so 80 that the inert rt mass ma s may mn be bet t twisted and brok broken n up Into small parti parti- cles Water ater 1 tends not only to rlee rise butto but butto butto to diffuse itself through the land moving moving ing log from the more moist to the tho drier parts part and er e every opportunity to do so should be given gl it until It reaches the th surface Then It should be checked unless unless unless un un- less the object of or plo plowing Is to dry th the land Drying and warming the land Is often r In the spring as necessary especially as aFi It I Is s to conserve the moisture This however Is III seldom necesS necessary l' l in this aril arid section where our rainfall is Jim Uni ted tt Vs th some flome crops clops a as corn warmth in t early arl spring plays an Important part I Early Karly arh and shallow plowing IK is valuable because sc the tho suns suds rays ras are arc then betted better able to penetrate the soil solI thus advancing anc a nc In ing seeding time b by Increasing Increasing- the temperature temperature tem tem- of ot th he soil soli The storage capacity of or the soil sell can cats b h be greatly Increased h b by y deep plowing which forms Corms a n greater greater reservoir reservoir In ii which the water Is stored up for Cor tho the u use c of or plant t. t Another result of or plowing Is II th the aeration aeration aera aera- tion of or the soil Th pores of or the soil are often orten closed up tho the soil oll compacted which prevents the circulation of or ah nit Plants like fish require air though it be small It Is necessary for their thell existence ex ex- ex We c therefore plo plow to let lot In lu luthe Inthe the air gain Again we must mut be careful not notto notto notto to dry the soil out b by too great a circulation of or air Nitrification is 11 promoted d h by plowing plo What Viat lat Is meant by nitrification Is this All AU soils contain more or less humus or or dead organic org matter Title or matter contains contain ono one of or tho p pal elements of or plant food nitrogen hen on this humus Is placed under moisture andall and 1 conditions of ot temperature all air minute or organisms ms tc feed upon P ri of oC It ft and throw off ocr as a WH waste t nitrogen in a soluble state state This nitro of gent gen n will mix r readily with the water oyster the soil oll and In this this' a way the plants therefore get It through h the water of or l ulton rogen ro- ro changing nitrification Is the tho state to a gen In from Crom an nn Insoluble alp the tho In ble state b. b bv by action of or bacteria soil Plowing helps to bring f about t the o n. n conditions necessary ary for tOI nV feature of agriculture S Yer very Important Probably the greatest t benefit henet d rivca the Improvement ement of or t from lom plowing plo i Itt is the thc the soil oll It Tt aids ld iCal condition of or physical In food that Is 19 In Inthe inthe the plant In bringing the n soil oll In direct contact condition with the of ol plant the theland If the tho toots roots physical follows follow's that tho the food land nl I Is noor It t supply will wiIl be cut off and plant plants will be practically Impossible from all 11 this till the tho physical calone c alone line has hasl a marked effect on and root Iro growth th and hence on t tl fate fare faleo o of the thc plant plan In general t f penetrate hard dry soil with dl 11 and on th tin othor other hand plants Ih in a a. loose open soil tunics Is abundant nod and constant The fertility of or the soil noil oll Is 18 isto j i to the surface by means of thAs illAs th ill thAs As wo we know plant food Is wash wash to lo the subsoil from thu the surfaces the thc rains Plowing as previous ed d I. I Increases capillarity an growth and this th also brings plant food from Crom the tho lower dej de soil r rAnd And finally the sole purpose o olag o lag Ing mt may be for Cor the thc bur burying o 0 oj dead doad and living plants plants' and Z man mam plowing It under decaying will wi willmore more mOl |
